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183 results on '"Wragg, Peter D."'

2. Belowground Biomass Response to Nutrient Enrichment Depends on Light Limitation Across Globally Distributed Grasslands

Author

Cleland, Elsa E, Lind, Eric M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Wilkins, Rachel Abbott, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brown, Cynthia S, Davies, Kendi F, Esch, Ellen, Firn, Jennifer, Gressard, Scott, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes, Kopp, Christopher W, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Moore, Joslin L, Prober, Suzanne M, Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, Borer, Elizabeth T, and Seabloom, Eric W

Subjects
belowground biomass, fertilization, nitrogen, Nutrient Network, optimal allocation, phosphorus, roots, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences
Published
2019

3. Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs

Author

Firn, Jennifer, McGree, James M, Harvey, Eric, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Schütz, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne M, Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew M, Prober, Suzanne M, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Porter, Erica, Ladouceur, Emma, Allen, Charlotte, Moromizato, Karine H, Morgan, John W, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Eisenhauer, Nico, Wright, Justin P, Adler, Peter B, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Broadbent, Arthur AD, Brown, Cynthia S, Bugalho, Miguel N, Caldeira, Maria C, Cleland, Elsa E, Ebeling, Anne, Fay, Philip A, Hagenah, Nicole, Kleinhesselink, Andrew R, Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L, Nogueira, Carla, Peri, Pablo Luis, Roscher, Christiane, Smith, Melinda D, Wragg, Peter D, and Risch, Anita C

Subjects
Grassland, Magnoliopsida, Nutrients, Plant Leaves, Plant Physiological Phenomena
Abstract

Leaf traits are frequently measured in ecology to provide a 'common currency' for predicting how anthropogenic pressures impact ecosystem function. Here, we test whether leaf traits consistently respond to experimental treatments across 27 globally distributed grassland sites across 4 continents. We find that specific leaf area (leaf area per unit mass)-a commonly measured morphological trait inferring shifts between plant growth strategies-did not respond to up to four years of soil nutrient additions. Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations increased in response to the addition of each respective soil nutrient. We found few significant changes in leaf traits when vertebrate herbivores were excluded in the short-term. Leaf nitrogen and potassium concentrations were positively correlated with species turnover, suggesting that interspecific trait variation was a significant predictor of leaf nitrogen and potassium, but not of leaf phosphorus concentration. Climatic conditions and pretreatment soil nutrient levels also accounted for significant amounts of variation in the leaf traits measured. Overall, we find that leaf morphological traits, such as specific leaf area, are not appropriate indicators of plant response to anthropogenic perturbations in grasslands.

Published
2019

4. Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide

Author

Tognetti, Pedro M., Prober, Suzanne M., Báez, Selene, Chaneton, Enrique J., Firn, Jennifer, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna K., Yahdjian, Laura, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Daleo, Pedro, Dwyer, John M., Fay, Philip A., Gherardi, Laureano A., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Komatsu, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Price, Jodi N., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Wragg, Peter D., and Sankaran, Mahesh

Published
2021

5. Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity.

Author

Harpole, W Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L, Lind, Eric M, Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B, Borer, Elizabeth T, Chase, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A, Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S, Seabloom, Eric W, Williams, Ryan, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cadotte, Marc W, Chaneton, Enrique J, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, D'Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, and Wragg, Peter D

Subjects
Plants, Poaceae, Fertilizers, Biodiversity, Biomass, Light, Food, Grassland, MD Multidisciplinary, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Niche dimensionality provides a general theoretical explanation for biodiversity-more niches, defined by more limiting factors, allow for more ways that species can coexist. Because plant species compete for the same set of limiting resources, theory predicts that addition of a limiting resource eliminates potential trade-offs, reducing the number of species that can coexist. Multiple nutrient limitation of plant production is common and therefore fertilization may reduce diversity by reducing the number or dimensionality of belowground limiting factors. At the same time, nutrient addition, by increasing biomass, should ultimately shift competition from belowground nutrients towards a one-dimensional competitive trade-off for light. Here we show that plant species diversity decreased when a greater number of limiting nutrients were added across 45 grassland sites from a multi-continent experimental network. The number of added nutrients predicted diversity loss, even after controlling for effects of plant biomass, and even where biomass production was not nutrient-limited. We found that elevated resource supply reduced niche dimensionality and diversity and increased both productivity and compositional turnover. Our results point to the importance of understanding dimensionality in ecological systems that are undergoing diversity loss in response to multiple global change factors.

Published
2016

6. Author Correction: Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs

Author

Firn, Jennifer, McGree, James M., Harvey, Eric, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Schütz, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne M., Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., La Pierre, Kimberly J., MacDougall, Andrew M., Prober, Suzanne M., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Porter, Erica, Ladouceur, Emma, Allen, Charlotte, Moromizato, Karine H., Morgan, John W., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Eisenhauer, Nico, Wright, Justin P., Adler, Peter B., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Broadbent, Arthur A. D., Brown, Cynthia S., Bugalho, Miguel N., Caldeira, Maria C., Cleland, Elsa E., Ebeling, Anne, Fay, Philip A., Hagenah, Nicole, Kleinhesselink, Andrew R., Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L., Nogueira, Carla, Peri, Pablo Luis, Roscher, Christiane, Smith, Melinda D., Wragg, Peter D., and Risch, Anita C.

Published
2020
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7. Plant species' origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands.

Author

Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Subjects
Animals, Vertebrates, Plants, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Soil, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Eutrophication, Food, Introduced Species, Herbivory, Grassland, MD Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015

8. Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients.

Author

Fay, Philip A, Prober, Suzanne M, Harpole, W Stanley, Knops, Johannes MH, Bakker, Jonathan D, Borer, Elizabeth T, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Seabloom, Eric W, Wragg, Peter D, Adler, Peter B, Blumenthal, Dana M, Buckley, Yvonne M, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, Collins, Scott L, Davies, Kendi F, Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W, Jin, Virginia L, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M, Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, Wedin, David A, and Yang, Louie H

Subjects
Prevention, Nutrition
Abstract

Terrestrial ecosystem productivity is widely accepted to be nutrient limited(1). Although nitrogen (N) is deemed a key determinant of aboveground net primary production (ANPP)(2,3), the prevalence of co-limitation by N and phosphorus (P) is increasingly recognized(4-8). However, the extent to which terrestrial productivity is co-limited by nutrients other than N and P has remained unclear. Here, we report results from a standardized factorial nutrient addition experiment, in which we added N, P and potassium (K) combined with a selection of micronutrients (K+μ), alone or in concert, to 42 grassland sites spanning five continents, and monitored ANPP. Nutrient availability limited productivity at 31 of the 42 grassland sites. And pairwise combinations of N, P, and K+μ co-limited ANPP at 29 of the sites. Nitrogen limitation peaked in cool, high latitude sites. Our findings highlight the importance of less studied nutrients, such as K and micronutrients, for grassland productivity, and point to significant variations in the type and degree of nutrient limitation. We suggest that multiple-nutrient constraints must be considered when assessing the ecosystem-scale consequences of nutrient enrichment.

Published
2015

9. Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

Author

Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, Gruner, Daniel S, Harpole, W Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, Davies, Kendi F, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W, Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Orrock, John L, Pascual, Jesús, Prober, Suzanne M, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Williams, Ryan J, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin P, and Yang, Louie H

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Nutrition, Biodiversity, Climate, Eutrophication, Geography, Herbivory, Human Activities, Internationality, Light, Nitrogen, Plants, Poaceae, Time Factors, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Human alterations to nutrient cycles and herbivore communities are affecting global biodiversity dramatically. Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems. Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.

Published
2014

12. Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient

Author

Anderson, T. Michael, Griffith, Daniel M., Grace, James B., Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Daleo, Pedro, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wragg, Peter D., and Borer, Elizabeth T.

Published
2018

13. Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness?

Author

Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric, MacDougall, Andrew, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Caldeira, Maria, Chu, Chengjin, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, D'Antonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Dickman, Chris R, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andrew, Helm, Aveliina, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Iribarne, Oscar, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura M, Lambrinos, John G, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, McCulley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesús, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Wardle, Glenda M, Wolkovich, Elizabeth M, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Subjects
Poaceae, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Introduced Species, Plant Dispersal, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass-dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic-dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site- or regional-scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring species' relative abundance will more rapidly advance our understanding of invasions.

Published
2013

15. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide

Author

Stevens, Carly J., Lind, Eric M., Hautier, Yann, Harpole, W. Stanley, Borer, Elizabeth T., Hobbie, Sarah, Seabloom, Eric W., Ladwig, Laura, Bakker, Jonathan D., Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Scott, Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Hillebrand, Helmut, La Pierre, Kimberly J., MacDougall, Andrew, Melbourne, Brett, McCulley, Rebecca L., Morgan, John, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, and Wragg, Peter D.

Published
2015

19. Quantifying the environmental limits to fire spread in grassy ecosystems

Author

Cardoso, Anabelle W., primary, Archibald, Sally, additional, Bond, William J., additional, Coetsee, Corli, additional, Forrest, Matthew, additional, Govender, Navashni, additional, Lehmann, David, additional, Makaga, Loïc, additional, Mpanza, Nokukhanya, additional, Ndong, Josué Edzang, additional, Koumba Pambo, Aurélie Flore, additional, Strydom, Tercia, additional, Tilman, David, additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, and Staver, A. Carla, additional

Published
2022
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21. Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness

Author

Adler, Peter B., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Hillebrand, Helmut, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Harpole, W. Stanley, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Grace, James B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Brown, Cynthia S., Buckley, Yvonne M., Calabrese, Laura B., Chu, Cheng-Jin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Davies, Kendi F., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Frater, Paul, Gasarch, Eve I., Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, Humphries, Hope, Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam D., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Lambrinos, John G., Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wang, Gang, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin P., and Yang, Louie H.

Published
2011
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23. Soil properties as key predictors of global grassland production: Have we overlooked micronutrients?

Author

Radujković, Dajana, primary, Verbruggen, Erik, additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Bahn, Michael, additional, Biederman, Lori A., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Boughton, Elizabeth H., additional, Catford, Jane A., additional, Campioli, Matteo, additional, Donohue, Ian, additional, Ebeling, Anne, additional, Eskelinen, Anu, additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Hansart, Amandine, additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, Ohlert, Timothy, additional, Olde Venterink, Harry, additional, Raynaud, Xavier, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Roscher, Christiane, additional, Schütz, Martin, additional, Silveira, Maria Lucia, additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Van Sundert, Kevin, additional, Virtanen, Risto, additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, and Vicca, Sara, additional

Published
2021
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25. Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Tognetti, Pedro M., Prober, Suzanne M., Báez, Selene, Chaneton, Enrique J., Firn, Jennifer, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna K., Yahdjian, Laura, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Daleo, Pedro, Dwyer, John M., Fay, Philip A., Gherardi, Laureano A., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Komatsu, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Price, Jodi N., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Wragg, Peter D., Sankaran, Mahesh, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Tognetti, Pedro M., Prober, Suzanne M., Báez, Selene, Chaneton, Enrique J., Firn, Jennifer, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna K., Yahdjian, Laura, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Daleo, Pedro, Dwyer, John M., Fay, Philip A., Gherardi, Laureano A., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Komatsu, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Price, Jodi N., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Wragg, Peter D., and Sankaran, Mahesh

Published
2021

26. Author Correction: Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Firn, Jennifer, McGree, James M, Harvey, Eric, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Schütz, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne M, Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew M, Prober, Suzanne M, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Porter, Erica, Ladouceur, Emma, Allen, Charlotte, Moromizato, Karine H, Morgan, John W, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Eisenhauer, Nico, Wright, Justin P, Adler, Peter B, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Broadbent, Arthur A D, Brown, Cynthia S, Bugalho, Miguel N, Caldeira, Maria C, Cleland, Elsa E, Ebeling, Anne, Fay, Philip A, Hagenah, Nicole, Kleinhesselink, Andrew R, Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L, Nogueira, Carla, Peri, Pablo Luis, Roscher, Christiane, Smith, Melinda D, Wragg, Peter D, Risch, Anita C, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Firn, Jennifer, McGree, James M, Harvey, Eric, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Schütz, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne M, Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew M, Prober, Suzanne M, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Porter, Erica, Ladouceur, Emma, Allen, Charlotte, Moromizato, Karine H, Morgan, John W, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Eisenhauer, Nico, Wright, Justin P, Adler, Peter B, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Broadbent, Arthur A D, Brown, Cynthia S, Bugalho, Miguel N, Caldeira, Maria C, Cleland, Elsa E, Ebeling, Anne, Fay, Philip A, Hagenah, Nicole, Kleinhesselink, Andrew R, Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L, Nogueira, Carla, Peri, Pablo Luis, Roscher, Christiane, Smith, Melinda D, Wragg, Peter D, and Risch, Anita C

Published
2020

27. Belowground Biomass Response to Nutrient Enrichment Depends on Light Limitation Across Globally Distributed Grasslands

Author

Cleland, Elsa E., Lind, Eric M., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Wilkins, Rachel Abbott, Adler, Peter B., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Davies, Kendi F., Esch, Ellen, Firn, Jennifer, Gressard, Scott, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E., Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes, Kopp, Christopher W., La Pierre, Kimberly J., MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Prober, Suzanne M., Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, roots, Nutrient cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Life on Land, Evolution, optimal allocation, Context (language use), Carbon sequestration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, nitrogen, Nutrient, Behavior and Systematics, belowground biomass, Taverne, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, phosphorus, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biomass (ecology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, food and beverages, Biological Sciences, Nutrient Network, Agronomy, fertilization, Environmental science, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Anthropogenic activities are increasing nutrient inputs to ecosystems worldwide, with consequences for global carbon and nutrient cycles. Recent meta-analyses show that aboveground primary production is often co-limited by multiple nutrients; however, little is known about how root production responds to changes in nutrient availability. At twenty-nine grassland sites on four continents, we quantified shallow root biomass responses to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium plus micronutrient enrichment and compared below- and aboveground responses. We hypothesized that optimal allocation theory would predict context dependence in root biomass responses to nutrient enrichment, given variation among sites in the resources limiting to plant growth (specifically light versus nutrients). Consistent with the predictions of optimal allocation theory, the proportion of total biomass belowground declined with N or P addition, due to increased biomass aboveground (for N and P) and decreased biomass belowground (N, particularly in sites with low canopy light penetration). Absolute root biomass increased with N addition where light was abundant at the soil surface, but declined in sites where the grassland canopy intercepted a large proportion of incoming light. These results demonstrate that belowground responses to changes in resource supply can differ strongly from aboveground responses, which could significantly modify predictions of future rates of nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. Our results also highlight how optimal allocation theory developed for individual plants may help predict belowground biomass responses to nutrient enrichment at the ecosystem scale across wide climatic and environmental gradients.

Published
2019

33. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Additions Alter the Abundance of Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria and Phosphatase Activity in Grassland Soils

Author

Widdig, Meike, primary, Schleuss, Per-M., additional, Weig, Alfons R., additional, Guhr, Alexander, additional, Biederman, Lori A., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Crawley, Michael J., additional, Kirkman, Kevin P., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Wragg, Peter D., additional, and Spohn, Marie, additional

Published
2019
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34. More than eating dirt: A review of avian geophagy

Author

Downs, Colleen T., Bredin, Ian P., and Wragg, Peter D.

Subjects
clay ingestion, essential minerals, fruit, gastroliths, grit, nutritional guilds, sodium
Abstract

geophagy, the ingestion of earth varying in particle size from stones to soils rich in clay, is a relatively widespread behaviour across avian taxa. we reviewed its occurrence in birds and its hypothesised adaptive functions in birds. Of the ~30 avian orders, 23 exhibit geophagy. However, it has only been documented in ~260 species (~2% of birds) and therefor is relatively uncommon. Ingestion of stones and other large particles (grit) is recorded in 54 extant families across the avian phylogeny and appears to be ancient in birds and has evolved several times. clay ingestion is recorded in 14 phylogenetically scattered families and might have evolved repeatedly. Furthermore, at least nine families exhibit both clay and grit ingestion. Six hypothesised functions of avian geophagy involve digestion and nutrition. Ingested grit might provide (1) essential minerals, particularly sodium or calcium, but it appears to primarily (2) improve mechanical digestion of food in the gizzard, where ingested stones and sand particles are known as gastroliths. consistent with this gastrolith hypothesis, ~86% of species ingesting grit consume “hard” food: seeds, leaves, insects or other animals. In contrast, ingested clay appears to be for sodium or other nutrient intake and/or protecting birds from ingested plant secondary compounds, by (3) protecting the digestive tract and (4) adsorbing these compounds. consistent with this, ~88% of species ingesting clay eat fruit that is often rich in secondary compounds and low in sodium, and clay ingestion is associated with frugivory in a representative sample of genera of which many have been shown to source sodium. the other two hypotheses are buffering gastric pH (5) and acquiring antidiarrheal agents (6), but no documentation of this in birds was found. we suggest additional tests of these hypotheses and additional investigation of these proposed benefits of geophagy in birds.keywords: clay ingestion, essential minerals, fruit, gastroliths, grit, nutritional guilds, sodium

Published
2019

35. Belowground Biomass Response to Nutrient Enrichment Depends on Light Limitation Across Globally Distributed Grasslands

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Cleland, Elsa E., Lind, Eric M., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Wilkins, Rachel Abbott, Adler, Peter B., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Davies, Kendi F., Esch, Ellen, Firn, Jennifer, Gressard, Scott, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E., Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes, Kopp, Christopher W., La Pierre, Kimberly J., MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Prober, Suzanne M., Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Cleland, Elsa E., Lind, Eric M., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Wilkins, Rachel Abbott, Adler, Peter B., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Davies, Kendi F., Esch, Ellen, Firn, Jennifer, Gressard, Scott, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E., Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes, Kopp, Christopher W., La Pierre, Kimberly J., MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Prober, Suzanne M., Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Borer, Elizabeth T., and Seabloom, Eric W.

Published
2019

36. Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Firn, Jennifer, McGree, James M, Harvey, Eric, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Schütz, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne M, Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew M, Prober, Suzanne M, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Porter, Erica, Ladouceur, Emma, Allen, Charlotte, Moromizato, Karine H, Morgan, John W, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Eisenhauer, Nico, Wright, Justin P, Adler, Peter B, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Broadbent, Arthur A D, Brown, Cynthia S, Bugalho, Miguel N, Caldeira, Maria C, Cleland, Elsa E, Ebeling, Anne, Fay, Philip A, Hagenah, Nicole, Kleinhesselink, Andrew R, Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L, Nogueira, Carla, Peri, Pablo Luis, Roscher, Christiane, Smith, Melinda D, Wragg, Peter D, Risch, Anita C, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Firn, Jennifer, McGree, James M, Harvey, Eric, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Schütz, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne M, Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew M, Prober, Suzanne M, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Porter, Erica, Ladouceur, Emma, Allen, Charlotte, Moromizato, Karine H, Morgan, John W, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Eisenhauer, Nico, Wright, Justin P, Adler, Peter B, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Broadbent, Arthur A D, Brown, Cynthia S, Bugalho, Miguel N, Caldeira, Maria C, Cleland, Elsa E, Ebeling, Anne, Fay, Philip A, Hagenah, Nicole, Kleinhesselink, Andrew R, Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L, Nogueira, Carla, Peri, Pablo Luis, Roscher, Christiane, Smith, Melinda D, Wragg, Peter D, and Risch, Anita C

Published
2019

38. Revegetation to slow buckthorn reinvasion: strengths and limits of evaluating management techniques retrospectively.

Author

Wragg, Peter D., Schuster, Michael J., Roth, Alexander M., Bockenstedt, Paul, Frelich, Lee E., and Reich, Peter B.

Subjects
*REVEGETATION, *CLAY soils, *STATISTICAL power analysis, *RESTORATION ecology, *INVASIVE plants, *SOWING
Abstract

Understanding the long‐term success of ecosystem restoration following invasive plant removal is challenging. Long‐term experiments are costly and slow to yield results, while management decisions must often be made immediately. Alternatively, retrospective studies can leverage contrasting historical management strategies to provide insight into long‐term vegetation responses. We used a retrospective approach to evaluate how management techniques and site characteristics affected re‐establishment of an invasive shrub, Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn), in midwestern North America. Following removal, buckthorn re‐establishes rapidly from resprouts and seeds, so follow‐up control is required but often lacking. We hypothesized that revegetating using native herbaceous seed after removing buckthorn increases herbaceous cover that competitively suppresses buckthorn regeneration, to a degree. We surveyed 46 management units at 24 sites. Revegetated units had higher herbaceous cover, lower buckthorn cover, and half the ratio of buckthorn:herbaceous cover compared with unseeded units. These effects, although considerable on average, were detected against a background of high variance. Seeding increased herbaceous cover and reduced buckthorn relative abundance more strongly on less acidic, more clayey soils and where follow‐up herbicide was not applied. Additional variability in revegetation impacts may have arisen from buckthorn resprouts having a head‐start on planted seeds. Only one site had both seeded and unseeded management units. This lack of blocking—a common challenge in retrospective studies—reduced statistical power. This investigation illustrates how retrospective studies can offer relatively inexpensive first assessments of long‐term effects of management techniques; for more rigorous inference, researchers can partner with managers to conduct long‐term experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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40. Plant species’ origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author

Gruner, Daniel S., Seabloom, Eric W., Fay, Philip A., Yang, Louie, Buckley, Yvonne M., Borer, Elizabeth T., Harpole, W. Stanley, and Wragg, Peter D.

Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015
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41. Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Harpole, W Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L, Lind, Eric M, Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B, Borer, Elizabeth T, Chase, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A, Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S, Seabloom, Eric W, Williams, Ryan, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cadotte, Marc W, Chaneton, Enrique J, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, D'Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M H, La Pierre, Kimberly J, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, Wragg, Peter D, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Harpole, W Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L, Lind, Eric M, Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B, Borer, Elizabeth T, Chase, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A, Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S, Seabloom, Eric W, Williams, Ryan, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cadotte, Marc W, Chaneton, Enrique J, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, D'Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M H, La Pierre, Kimberly J, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, and Wragg, Peter D

Published
2016

43. Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Fay, Philip A., Prober, Suzanne M., Harpole, W. Stanley, Knops, Johannes M H, Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Wragg, Peter D., Adler, Peter B., Blumenthal, Dana M., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Davies, Kendi F., Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Jin, Virginia L., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M., Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Wedin, David A., Yang, Louie H., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Fay, Philip A., Prober, Suzanne M., Harpole, W. Stanley, Knops, Johannes M H, Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Seabloom, Eric W., Wragg, Peter D., Adler, Peter B., Blumenthal, Dana M., Buckley, Yvonne M., Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Collins, Scott L., Davies, Kendi F., Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Jin, Virginia L., Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M., Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., Wedin, David A., and Yang, Louie H.

Published
2015

44. Plant species origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, Mcculley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Published
2015

45. Plant species’ origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M., Macdougall, Andrew S., Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter B., Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, Ellen I., Dantonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species’ biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015

48. Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

Author

Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Gruner, Daniel S., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., Davies, Kendi F., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Orrock, John L., Pascual, Jesus, Prober, Suzanne M., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Williams, Ryan J., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin P., Yang, Louie H., Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Gruner, Daniel S., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E., Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., Davies, Kendi F., DeCrappeo, Nicole M., Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W., Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R., Orrock, John L., Pascual, Jesus, Prober, Suzanne M., Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Williams, Ryan J., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin P., and Yang, Louie H.

Abstract

Human alterations to nutrient cycles(1,2) and herbivore communities(3-7) are affecting global biodiversity dramatically(2). Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems(8,9). Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.

Published
2014

49. Life-history constraints in grassland plant species:a growth-defence trade-off is the norm

Author

Van Der Putten, Wim, Lind, Eric M., Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Adler, Peter, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Crawley, Mick, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Stanley Harpole, W., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, Knops, Johannes, Melbourne, Brett, Mortensen, Brent, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, Wragg, Peter D., Van Der Putten, Wim, Lind, Eric M., Borer, Elizabeth, Seabloom, Eric, Adler, Peter, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Crawley, Mick, Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S., Stanley Harpole, W., Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, Knops, Johannes, Melbourne, Brett, Mortensen, Brent, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, and Wragg, Peter D.

Abstract

Plant growth can be limited by resource acquisition and defence against consumers, leading to contrasting trade-off possibilities. The competition-defence hypothesis posits a trade-off between competitive ability and defence against enemies (e.g. herbivores and pathogens). The growth-defence hypothesis suggests that strong competitors for nutrients are also defended against enemies, at a cost to growth rate. We tested these hypotheses using observations of 706 plant populations of over 500 species before and following identical fertilisation and fencing treatments at 39 grassland sites worldwide. Strong positive covariance in species responses to both treatments provided support for a growth-defence trade-off: populations that increased with the removal of nutrient limitation (poor competitors) also increased following removal of consumers. This result held globally across 4 years within plant life-history groups and within the majority of individual sites. Thus, a growth-defence trade-off appears to be the norm, and mechanisms maintaining grassland biodiversity may operate within this constraint.

Published
2013

50. Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems:is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness?

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne, Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric, Macdougall, Andrew, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Caldeira, Maria, Chu, Chengjin, Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., D'antonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Dickman, Chris R., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andrew, Helm, Aveliina, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Iribarne, Oscar, Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura M., Lambrinos, John G., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Mcculley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesús, Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Salguero-gómez, Roberto, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Wardle, Glenda M., Wolkovich, Elizabeth M., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, Yang, Louie, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Buckley, Yvonne, Cleland, Elsa E., Davies, Kendi, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric, Macdougall, Andrew, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Adler, Peter, Alberti, Juan, Michael Anderson, T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S., Brudvig, Lars A., Caldeira, Maria, Chu, Chengjin, Crawley, Michael J., Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I., D'antonio, Carla M., Decrappeo, Nicole M., Dickman, Chris R., Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A., Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andrew, Helm, Aveliina, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., Humphries, Hope C., Iribarne, Oscar, Jin, Virginia L., Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P., Klein, Julia A., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Ladwig, Laura M., Lambrinos, John G., Leakey, Andrew D. B., Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Mcculley, Rebecca, Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Charles E., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'halloran, Lydia R., Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesús, Pyke, David A., Risch, Anita C., Salguero-gómez, Roberto, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren, Wardle, Glenda M., Wolkovich, Elizabeth M., Wragg, Peter D., Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Abstract

Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass-dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic-dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site- or regional-scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring spec

Published
2013

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