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Background: Multiparametric MRI markers of liver health corrected T1 (cT1) and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) have shown utility in the management of various chronic liver diseases. We assessed the normal population reference range of both cT1 and PDFF in healthy child and adult volunteers without any known liver disease. Methods: A retrospective multi-centre pooled analysis of 102 child and young adult (9.1 years (6–18)) volunteers from three centres: Children's Memorial Health Institute (N = 21), University Hospital Southampton (N = 28) and Hospital Infantil de Mexico (N = 53). Sex and ethnic differences were investigated for both cT1 and PDFF. Age effects were investigated with comparison to a pooled adult cohort from the UK Biobank (N = 500) and CoverScan (N = 71), covering an age range of 21 to 81 years. Results: cT1 values were normally distributed with a median of 748 ms (IQR: 725–768 ms; 2.5–97.5 percentiles: 683–820 ms). PDFF values followed a normal distribution with a median of 1.7% (IQR: 1.3–1.9%; 2.5–97.5 percentiles: 1–4.4%). There were no significant age and sex differences in cT1 and PDFF between children and young adults. No differences in cT1 and PDFF were found between ethnicities. Age comparisons showed statistically significant, but clinically negligible, cT1 (748 ms vs. 732 ms) and PDFF (2.4% vs. 1.9%) differences between paediatric and adult groups, respectively. Conclusions: Median healthy cT1 and PDFF reference ranges in children and young adults fall within the reported limits for normal of 800 ms and 5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of aquaculture has resulted in the need to develop a tool to assess fish production efficiency. This study proposes a method using selected attributes which can be changed and adapted in dependence on the purpose of the assessment. The attributes are also provided with an importance level, expressed in percentage terms, due to which an attribute considered by the assessors as more significant can have a stronger impact on the final results. The usefulness of the method was tested on the results obtained for production from six fish farms using three different carp breeding technologies and from six rainbow trout farms carrying out production in flowing or recirculated water. The following attributes were applied: slaughter output, content of protein and fat, fatty acids n-3/11-6 ratio and results of organoleptic analysis. Carp bred by semi-extensive technology, next, the one bred by low-intensive method, gained the best GZS value. Also, dependence of GZS value of carp to the season of netting was confirmed. Presented results did not show influence of different farming system on the GZS value of trout bred with 00H and RAS systems. It has been shown that the method can be a useful tool for selecting the optimal technology of fish production for specified environmental conditions, as well as a supervision or reporting tool for state and non-state institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]