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This study draws on world-systems theory to generate new explanations for the uneven patterns of civil violence found in the world today. A large and well-developed literature shows that low-income countries with stagnant economies and undemocratic political systems are the most susceptible to outbreaks of civil violence. This literature, however, fails to consider how countries are positioned relative to the structures of global capitalism. By contrast, world-systems theory has long emphasized that a country's position within the international division of labor shapes many of its domestic outcomes, including those related to development and democratization. Combining these two literatures suggests that "world-system position" has direct and indirect effects on civil violence, with the indirect effects being mediated by development, democratization, and related factors. Drawing on a sample of 152 countries observed from 1970 to 2018 and using high-quality data on major incidences of civil violence around the world, the study finds compelling evidence that non-core countries are considerably more prone to civil violence than core countries and that this gap is widening, not narrowing, over time. These results are robust to alternative measures of world-system position and various model specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article considers how a contemporary wave of Caribbean short story writers re-work the language of folkloric irrealism as a tool of critique against the structural inequalities ingrained in the patriarchal capitalist world-system. Building on the Warwick Research Collective's (2015: 72) examination of how irrealist aesthetics correspond to the "violent reorganization of social relations engendered by cyclical crisis," it considers how transplanted folk figures attend to the distinctly gendered geographies of unevenness produced by the expansion of capitalist modernization. This article first unpacks the significance of the short story as a distinct vector for folkloric reinscription, tracing the form's dialogic interconnection with folk orality and its unique responsiveness to registering the processes of uneven development in Caribbean societies. Secondly, it offers close readings of selected short stories from collections including Nalo Hopkinson's Skin Folk (2018), Breanne Mc Ivor's Where There Are Monsters (2019) and Leone Ross's Come Let Us Sing Anyway (2017). Tracking a resistant aesthetic of folkloric corporeality, it considers how these writers re-animate oral poetics to critique the interrelated problems of global racial capitalism and what Silvia Federici describes as capitalism's new war waged against women's bodies in the current phase of accumulation (Federici 2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers how a contemporary wave of Caribbean short story writers re-work the language of folkloric irrealism as a tool of critique against the structural inequalities ingrained in the patriarchal capitalist world-system. Building on the Warwick Research Collective’s (2015: 72) examination of how irrealist aesthetics correspond to the “violent reorganization of social relations engendered by cyclical crisis,” it considers how transplanted folk figures attend to the distinctly gendered geographies of unevenness produced by the expansion of capitalist modernization. This article first unpacks the significance of the short story as a distinct vector for folkloric re-inscription, tracing the form’s dialogic interconnection with folk orality and its unique responsiveness to registering the processes of uneven development in Caribbean societies. Secondly, it offers close readings of selected short stories from collections including Nalo Hopkinson’s Skin Folk (2018), Breanne Mc Ivor’s Where There Are Monsters (2019) and Leone Ross’s Come Let Us Sing Anyway (2017). Tracking a resistant aesthetic of folkloric corporeality, it considers how these writers re-animate oral poetics to critique the interrelated problems of global racial capitalism and what Silvia Federici describes as capitalism’s new war waged against women’s bodies in the current phase of accumulation (Federici 2018).

Copyright of Conjuntura Austral is the property of Conjuntura Austral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Predictive, Personalized, Preventive, and Participatory (P4) Medicine is embedded in the precision medicine conceptual framework to achieve the overarching goal of "the right drug, for the right patient, at the right dose, and at the right time." Science cultures and political determinants of health have normative and instrumental impacts on P4 medicine. Yet, since the age of Enlightenment in the 17th century, science and economics have been disarticulated from politics along the lines of classical liberalism, and with an ahistorical approach that continues into the 21st century. The consequence of this liberal disarticulation is that science is falsely and narrowly understood as an invariably technocratic and objective field. In the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is clearer that political determinants of health are the causes-of-causes for disease and health. I propose that we need P5 medicine with a fifth P, political determinants of planetary health. The new "P" can engage not only with instrumental aspects of P4 medicine research and clinical implementation but also with the structural factors that are an integral part of the politics of the P4 medicine. For example, the living legacies of colonialism contribute to the unequal relationships in trade, labor, provision, and production of materials among nation-states and between the Global South and the Global North and shape the class struggles in contemporary society, science, and medicine. A decolonial politics of care in which the political determinants of planetary health are taken seriously is therefore crucial and relevant to building a robust, ethical, responsible, and just P5 medicine in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how the Chinese media have legitimated the Chinese government's anti-COVID policy at home by constructing the spectatorship of foreign countries' suffering during the pandemic. Using the Oriental News of Shanghai Media Group (SMG), a leader in Chinese provincial media, as a case study, the present study reveals that the core countries within the world system have been reported on more often than the semi-peripheral and peripheral countries. News about core countries also precedes news about non-core countries during the parts of broadcasts that concern the global COVID-19 pandemic. China's specific geopolitical and national political contexts have significantly influenced the mediation of COVID-19 suffering in various countries. While the US is represented as experiencing multiple forms of "chaos" during the pandemic, African countries are represented as "allied others" or "weak others." News about India, a country with national conditions similar to those of China, reminds Chinese spectators that the Chinese government's strict controls are correct and effective. The mediation of other countries' sufferings has produced various degrees of emotional involvement on the part of the Chinese public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of work has investigated the travel of neo-Marxist theorists and theory to state socialist contexts such as Romania and China, but this scholarship has not focused on successful strategies of indigenization. While several explanations for this process have been proposed, this article advances the concept of "ideological fit" to illuminate how a new body of work is successfully popularized and integrated into national conversations. I explore the relationship between the indigenization of Immanuel Wallerstein's world-systems theory in Romania within the context of Cold War ideological conflict. This study compares the popularization strategies of a group of U.S. social scientists (Daniel Chirot and Katherine Verdery) with local attempts (Ilie Bădescu) to promote Wallerstein's theory in Romanian academia. World-systems theory advanced a critique of global capitalism in the United States, whereas in Romania, it was integrated into and discussed as a contribution to anticolonial struggles around the world. As a result, Bădescu's assertion that Romanian national poet Mihai Eminescu was an anticolonial thinker became generative in local sociology. I conclude by discussing how key theoretical elements of Wallerstein's theory, which I call the "leftovers," have been redeployed in new scholarship on decolonization and discuss the risks of such an approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the 21st century, Latin America experienced an unprecedented wave of victories by leftist presidential candidates. Turning left is a significant development in an area where strong neoliberal political and economic policies emerged after the Cold War. The main purpose of this study is to explain the various causes and factors for the emergence of new leftist governments in Latin America. The main question of this study is, "How did the new leftist governments come to power in Latin America, and what were the factors influencing the left turn in the region?". The hypothesis is that "various national, regional, and international factors have contributed to the left turn in Latin America, and the rise of these new leftist has had significant national and regional implications". The conceptual framework of this research is the World-Systems Theory of John Foran and to study the details, we have used the descriptive-analytical research method. According to the results of this study, the return of leftism in Latin America in the period 1998-2010 was due to long-term structural factors, such as inequality and institutional democracy; There have also been short-term factors such as the inefficiency of the neoliberal economic model in the region and the economic crisis of 1998- 2002. The boom in basic goods after 2002 also provided the resources needed to consolidate the dominance of left-wing parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to explain the middle-income trap from the lens of an amended world-systems theory, in which capitalists within the semi-periphery are taken into account. It rejects that developing countries should pursue an import-substitution industrialization strategy, and instead argues developing countries should pursue a strategy similar to South Korea's. An export-oriented industrialization strategy, with tight limits on foreign direct investment (FDI) and multinational corporations (MNCs) operating within the economy, building up state capacity in order to form a close collaborative, not corrupting relationship between private businesses and the state, and calls for heavy investments in human capital and industrial upgrading. This would ensure that surplus value does not leave the country nor does it lay idle in the hands of domestic capitalists. It also calls for changes to the global economic governance regime, such as common rules for FDI and taxes on MNCs, on the part of developing countries in order to create a more development friendly international economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses upon the human migratory trajectory from eons on planet Earth to slowly moving out into orbital space and whether world-systems theory must craft new theoretical frames to grasp the possible problems arising from the existence of a single social system comprised of actors distributed across terrestrial and orbital platforms, dubbed here as "Einstein's Problem." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses upon the human migratory trajectory from eons on planet Earth to slowly moving out into orbital space and whether world-systems theory must craft new theoretical frames to grasp the possible problems arising from the existence of a single social system comprised of actors distributed across terrestrial and orbital platforms, dubbed here as “Einstein’s Problem.”

This paper attempts to explain the middle-income trap from the lens of an amended world-systems theory, in which capitalists within the semi-periphery are taken into account. It rejects that developing countries should pursue an import-substitution industrialization strategy, and instead argues developing countries should pursue a strategy similar to South Korea’s. An export-oriented industrialization strategy, with tight limits on foreign direct investment (FDI) and multinational corporations (MNCs) operating within the economy, building up state capacity in order to form a close collaborative, not corrupting relationship between private businesses and the state, and calls for heavy investments in human capital and industrial upgrading. This would ensure that surplus value does not leave the country nor does it lay idle in the hands of domestic capitalists. It also calls for changes to the global economic governance regime, such as common rules for FDI and taxes on MNCs, on the part of developing countries in order to create a more development friendly international economic system.

The Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa was the largest European port on the continent for several hundred years. Despite its centuries-long importance, the Cape and its role in the rise of nineteenth-century globalisation remains largely unexamined and our dominant analytical frameworks have been constructed from a Northern Hemisphere perspective focused on Europe, Asia and North America. This article, based on an analysis of port data for Table Bay (Cape Town) from 1806 to 1836, examines what happened to global trade from the perspective of the Cape Colony. Through this Southern Hemisphere lens, a new aperture opens onto the British world, making it possible to observe how the Empire reintegrated and reconfigured itself in the decades after losing its American colonies, how new economies developed in the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Southern oceans and how they were linked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores whether there is inequality convergence among countries. The analysis adopts a framework of dependency theory and its later development through world-systems theory. The analysis draws on Gini indices and Palma ratios from 103 countries for the period 1990–2018. The OLS and GMM analyses reveal horizontal convergence between semi-periphery and core countries as classified by Chase-Dunn et al. (2000). This classification also explains vertical convergence examined with clustering analysis between these countries. • World-systems theory was first utilized to shed the light on inequality convergence. • Inequality convergence has been analyzed extensively with a broad dataset. • It was found that semi-periphery countries were most affected by the worsening of inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brief comparative analysis of US and Chinese infrastructure projects is provided. The world-system approach, which sets the objective possibilities and limitations of the strategies of the United States and China as interconnected parts of the world economy and politics, was chosen as the methodological basis. The first part of this article describes the world-system approach, as well as the position of the People's Republic of China in the modern system of international relations. The second part is devoted to the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative. The third part provides an analysis of counterinitiatives put forward by the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short conceptual article seeks to integrate world-systems theory and degrowth. It suggests that an ecological rendering of world-systems theory can clarify some of the most important quandaries of the degrowth movement in regards to global justice, decolonialism, the excessive material throughput of the Global North, and globalization. The article reframes these concerns from a world-systems framework that recognizes global hierarchies, imperialism, and dependencies, issues that the degrowth movement as a whole has failed to sufficiently address. It argues that while degrowth has made some progress in conceptualizing the kinds of changes that would be necessary for a more sustainable and just global economy, further proposals and research into deeper, world-systemic changes are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a farewell and an intellectual tribute to one of the greatest masters of contemporary Marxist thought and one of the major references in contemporary social science. Immanuel Wallerstein died August 31, 2019, leaving a theoretical, historical, and intellectual legacy that is to be read, rethought, and actualized by social scientists in the coming decades. His world-systems theory gave rise to a whole new understanding of the genesis of the capitalist world-system. This contribution reviews the sources that inspired the world-system theory, as well as showing its main contributions and its dialogues with other proposals of critical social theory, such as the epistemologies of the South and decolonial thought. This article is also a new formulation of the perspectives that the world-systems theory opens for the historical and sociological research on Andalusia and southern Europe in the context of the historical genesis of world capitalism.

This paper is a farewell and an intellectual tribute to one of the greatest masters of contemporary Marxist thought and one of the major references in contemporary social science. Immanuel Wallerstein died August 31, 2019, leaving a theoretical, historical, and intellectual legacy that is to be read, rethought, and actualized by social scientists in the coming decades. His world-systems theory gave rise to a whole new understanding of the genesis of the capitalist world-system. This contribution reviews the sources that inspired the world-system theory, as well as showing its main contributions and its dialogues with other proposals of critical social theory, such as the epistemologies of the South and decolonial thought. This article is also a new formulation of the perspectives that the world-systems theory opens for the historical and sociological research on Andalusia and southern Europe in the context of the historical genesis of world capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kafka's work has exercised immense influence on cinema and his reflections on diminished human agency in modernity and the dominance of oppressive institutions that perpetuate individual or social alienation and political repression have been the subject of debates by philosophers such as Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, and Alexander Kluge. Informed by a world-systems approach and taking a cue from Jorge Luis Borges’ point that Kafka has modified our conception of the future, and André Bazin's suggestion that literary concepts, characters and styles can exceed “novels from which they emanate”, I understand the Kafkaesque as an elastic term that can refer to diverse films that might share thematic preoccupations, but also aesthetic and formal differences. In this article, I explore the politics of humour in Kafkaesque cinema with reference to the following films: The Overcoat (Шинель, 1926, Gregor Koznitzev and Leo Trauberg), The Shop on Main Street (Obchod na korze, 1965, Ján Kadár), and Death of a Bureaucrat (La muerte de un burócrata, 1966, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea). I draw attention to the dialectics of humour and the connection between the Kafkaesque and slapstick so as to show how humour is deployed as a means of political critique.

This article presents theoretical and methodological insights of world-systems analysis via the works of Samir Amin and his major interlocuteurs. It is argued that Samir Amin was central to sparking the study of world historical analysis, and offered unique contributions to the discussions that emerged. It is demonstrated that this is due to Samir Amin’s ability to balance structure, specificity, and historical contingency, as well as his enduring commitment to human liberation.

This article presents theoretical and methodological insights of world-systems analysis via the works of Samir Amin and his major interlocuteurs. It is argued that Samir Amin was central to sparking the study of world historical analysis, and offered unique contributions to the discussions that emerged. It is demonstrated that this is due to Samir Amin's ability to balance structure, specificity, and historical contingency, as well as his enduring commitment to human liberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoliberal economic theorists posit that the economic sphere is to be differentiated from the social world and governed by its own rationality that is distinct from religious, ethical, social, or political considerations. My article explores how the issuance of fatwas in the contemporary Muslim world discursively compete with neoliberal capitalist ideology by embedding religious ethics in economic discourse. First, I contextualize this analysis with a historical discussion on how the Muslim world was incorporated into the capitalist world-system, a process that peripheralized their established economic and cultural practices. Then, I examine the contemporary fatwas on commercial transactions that are issued by an international Muslim organization. My overall argument is that the Islamic moral economy proposes financial arrangements that represent alternatives to capitalist financial practices, which are the standard modes of operation in global financial institutions. Such practices pose a challenge to Muslim economic ethics and law, a challenge that Muslims are trying to negotiate using traditional legal practices such as the fatwa.

This paper studies the core/periphery hierarchy of the capitalist world-economy in the current globalization era. The central and novel argument is that the network of international labor time flows reveals the core/periphery hierarchy of the world-economy with regard to the international division of labor. Based on the analysis of the labor time network of forty economies from the world input-output table, I find that the core/periphery structure of the world-economy has in large part remained unaltered for 1995-2009, though the asymmetry of international labor time flows decreased slightly between 2003-2009. Through regression analysis, I find that per capita income of a country is strongly associated with its command over global labor time. The regression analysis also lends evidence to the existence of oligarchic wealth. This wealth is not available to all countries, implying that the struggle of a country to improve its position in the capitalist world-economy tends to put downward pressure on the income of other countries.

The main aim of this paper is to explore the impact of globalization processes on higher education institutions, with a particular focus on Colleges of Technology (CsoT) in Oman. To achieve this aim, this paper first defines and illustrates the concept of globalization and then draws upon the World Systems Theory and Dependency Theory to contextualize Oman in terms of its global position. Through the lens of these theories, the paper explores the consequences of implementing English as a medium of instruction (EMI) policy at CsoT. The findings reveal that English language is still considered a foreign language, yet EMI is implemented at higher education. Moreover, despite the challenges faced by students, some exhibited a positive attitude towards the implementation of the EMI policy. For instance, many students perceived learning and using English as a means of endowing them with high international status, referencing its utility in relation to global communication, development, and employment. Such an impact is arguably linked to semi-colonialization. A link is then made to the concept of memorization, which is historically associated with the Islamic culture of Oman. The paper explains how the memorization strategy could be misunderstood. The paper contends that memorization is the first step in learning and understanding, not a substitute. A link is also made to the EMI policy, in which the low levels of achievement among students at these colleges have driven them to memorize and does not reflect a lack of critical thinking skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kafka's work has exercised immense influence on cinema and his reflections on diminished human agency in modernity and the dominance of oppressive institutions that perpetuate individual or social alienation and political repression have been the subject of debates by philosophers such as Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, and Alexander Kluge. Informed by a world-systems approach and taking a cue from Jorge Luis Borges' point that Kafka has modified our conception of the future, and André Bazin's suggestion that literary concepts, characters and styles can exceed "novels from which they emanate", I understand the Kafkaesque as an elastic term that can refer to diverse films that might share thematic preoccupations, but also aesthetic and formal differences. In this article, I explore the politics of humour in Kafkaesque cinema with reference to the following films: The Overcoat (Шинель, 1926, Gregor Koznitzev and Leo Trauberg), The Shop on Main Street (Obchod na korze, 1965, Ján Kadár), and Death of a Bureaucrat (La muerte de un burócrata, 1966, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea). I draw attention to the dialectics of humour and the connection between the Kafkaesque and slapstick so as to show how humour is deployed as a means of political critique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union and Germany are pursing a global transformation project by fostering the bioeconomy. Through research and technological innovation, they strive to support the transition from using fossil resources to renewable resources (biomass) and the establishment of a circular economy. However, since colonial times, the global production of biomass has been permeated by unequal relations of exchange between biomass producing semi-/peripheries and biomass processing (technology-)centres. As countries around the world are now engaging with/in the bioeconomy, the question arises whether this will change global inequalities in the fl ow of materials and the production of knowledge. Drawing on new strands of world-systems theory on unequal ecological exchange and global knowledge production, we show how the bioeconomy’s transnational material and technological exchange relations are updating existing global inequalities between centres and semi-/peripheries. Among other things, this analysis expands the fi eld of research on states’ bioeconomy strategies and the political debates surrounding them, which has, to date, primarily focused on Europe and North America. Through taking a global inequalities perspective, as is familiar within critical development theory, this paper offers an indispensable shift in point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that Tokyo Cancelled (2005) paradoxically seeks to resist the very forms of world-making totality implied in its narration by rendering the world simultaneously as knowable and unfathomable, flat and uneven. Featuring an ensemble of narratives that are locally-grounded yet part of a wider global network, Tokyo Cancelled activates a series of creative disjunctures via its decentred narrative structure and use of irrealist storytelling techniques. Through its frame narrative, the simulated orality of its thirteen anonymous storytellers resist a master narrative of globality by creating an ambivalent, deterritorialised reading of place, while the novel's irrealist aesthetic serves a double function of depicting the non-objective, disorganised nature of a globalised world, whilst also pointing to the very real issues of global inequality through its asymmetrical portrayal of the economic world-system. As the individual narratives feature marginalised subjects, I explore ways in which Tokyo Cancelled highlights conditions of displacement, empowerment and alienation within a deeply fractured neoliberal economy, and in doing so, how the novel presents one successful example of experimental writing in twenty-first-century works of global fiction by opening up a borderland site for its protagonists to connect in the world-city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an historical materialist analysis, the article challenges the dominant understanding of global academic rankings as 'inevitable' and 'here to stay'. Instead, rankings are treated as historically transformative 'tracings' over the accumulation of capital in the world-system, and thus offer a contingent strategic response to three historical shifts in global political economy: 'financialization', displacement of the Core, and an shift to surplus 'appropriation' in the core. By understanding these transformative shifts as elements of an historic 'inversion' of the global frontier of capitalization, the argument: (1) connects global rankings to neoliberal capitalism; (2) challenges the utopian view of rankings as instruments of marketization; and most specifically (3) opens up a space between frontiers of appropriation and commodification proper, indicating how rankings exist in a historically transient and politically dialectical space of hybrid outcomes, imperfect commodifications, and indirect subjections, that are bound to the contradictions of accumulation in contemporary world history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently a debate re-emerged between Adel Samara and Samir Amin on the state role in delinking – subjecting a social formation's relationships to the world-system to a domestic, popular law of value. I suggest the arguments turns on the agent helming development. Amin's agent is slightly more ambiguous than Samara's, reflecting de-linking is modelled on postrevolutionary planning in Maoist China, with an explicit state role, whereas Samara, theorizing development under military occupation, spurned the state. The article assesses the arguments against contemporary Tunisia. It shows how flourishing Tunisian struggles track Samara's development by popular protection (DBPP). The subject of history is masses engaged in struggle with state-mediated accumulation. It focuses on Tataouine's 2017–2018 ElKamour protests. It argues Amin (1) articulates an antisystemic ideology, crucial amidst ideological disarray; (2) offers ideas for changes in financial architecture – holding programmes amidst capitalist advance; (3) build up the delinking framework which DBPP expands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans' aspirations for development have unsustainably placed momentous pressure on the Earth. Peripheral Africa remains the most susceptible region to climate change and its impacts. By considering externality and world-systems theories, this article uses the Delphi external experts (DEE) approach to weigh the perceptions of global (and mostly core) experts regarding climate change response/sustainability. The socio-econo-technological development factors that contribute to Africa's climate change issues are evaluated. The article concludes that despite the high rankings of the factors related to emissions' propensity, such as energy and transportation, governance and socio-cultural preferences are the two factors that are statistically significant to climate change and vulnerability to it. The global governance structure fostered by the core countries facilitates unequal exchanges. Notwithstanding, responsive governance structures are advised for the periphery. Governance is analogous to a thermostat that can be used to regulate other development factors, in particular to entrench socio-cultural preferences that may have a desirable future impact on the climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the analysis of the existing approaches to the typology of communities for study of victimization. The author presents the comparative analysis of the typologies commonly used in the Russian science to explain the specifics of the development of social victimization. The tradition of historical materialism, the civilizational paradigm, the concept of post-industrial society, etc. are critically reviewed to explain the reasons motivating victim behavior. The influence of social change processes is discussed within Wallerstein’s conception of world-system change and geopolitics. The synthesis of R. Collins’s world-system approach to geopolitical dynamics R. Collins, theory of social revolution and the provisions P. A. Sorokin’s value foundations of cultures is performed. This allows solving the problem in the study of the origin and allocation patterns of victimization functioning of existing communities. The author outlines the main provisions of P. A. Sorokin’s typology in the context of analyzing the types of victim behavior in communities. 12 types of motivation-setting characteristics of victim behavior in communities were allotted; their meaningful description is provided. The motivation-setting characteristics of victim behavior in communities with different cultural mentality is provided, which allows predicting the possible social processes and manifestations.