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In this paper we examine the conditions and opportunities for establishing a functional green infrastructure under the pressure of urbanization in Addis Ababa and Dar es Salaam. Inspired by transition theory, we look for regimes and niches which support retainment of green space and their adaptive capacity based on interviews and workshops with key urban stakeholders. A top-down master planning paradigm combined with a green institutional framework preoccupied with beautification seem to block possibilities of supporting and integrating GI experiments coming from outside the regime. The master plans are vague, outdated before finalised and inefficient for coping with the fast pace of urbanization. In Addis Ababa, despite an emergent recognition of the role of the green infrastructure in the city plan, informal encroachment and planned large scale land-conversions to housing takes place. In Dar es Salaam, that subscribes to, but lacks a functional master plan, the regime seems paralysed and is too fragmented and engrossed with the pressing urbanization problems to prioritize a green infrastructure. For establishing a functional green infrastructure coalition partners from housing, road and urban agriculture authorities but also large land owners, informal settlers, urban farmers and local organisations are needed. Solutions must be attractive also for the actual green space managers − the individual plot- and condominium owners and local groups. Local niche experiments linking up to on-going coping strategies could push forward coalitions as well as generating knowledge on how to retain green areas while addressing water shortages, livelihood and urban farming.

The deliverable serves three purposes: First it lists core measures brought forward in literature and guidelines on how to make developing cities more resilient to climate change as well as some necessary conditions for effective implementation. Second it presents strategic measures for climate change adaptation based on stakeholder interactions and interviews in the two CLUVA cities: Dar es Salaam and Addis Ababa. Third it draws together the main points in recommendations on data needs and process for how to work towards more resilient cities. The deliverable combines the identification of strategic measures for the case cities of Dar es Salaam and Addis Ababa (deliverable 3.7) with the making of recommendations for data needs and process (deliverable 3.8). Climate change affects a city in a broad sense and therefore measures must be taken within several policy fields. Core measures are: to improve land use management and planning; upgrade urban drainage, better waste- and stormwater management and strengthen environmental planning. These measures must be combined with the associated measures of: improved solid waste management; housing policies to promote alternatives to settlements in vulnerable areas; informal area policies and regularization; disaster management policies especially resettlement strategies also including livelihood restoration and supporting people in vulnerable areas to adapt. Because of the complexity of climate change adaptation requires coordination both vertically from the international to local level and horizontally across sectors, with private sector actors, with NGOs, universities etc. Champions to drive adaptation as well as awareness raising and involvement are key factors. Adaptation also requires many different types of scientific and local knowledge. While resilience will be increased if more measures are taken, it is not realistic that all measures can be implemented. Therefore an importan