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In the context of economic globalization, cultural exchanges are becoming more and more frequent, and more and more international teachers come to China to teach. Using qualitative data collected from a university in Beijing, this study explored the international teachers' roles perceived by school administrators, students, and international teachers in the internationalization of Chinese higher education. Results indicate that international teachers play an important role in promoting higher education internationalization in China by serving as the backbones of the teaching process. They also act as walking billboards of internationalization and bridges facilitating communication with international students. However, the cognitive differences between international teachers and students regarding teaching, coupled with administrators' lack of understanding of international teachers' professional needs, hinder the teachers from fulfilling their roles and seeking continuing development. This study provides a new analytical perspective on the role of international teachers, exploring their role from the perspectives of students, school administrators and international teachers themselves, presenting practical recommendations to enhance international teachers' roles and providing suggestions such as cooperation model between international teachers and domestic teachers for future research, which may help managers of high education institutions to find the reason why they should introduce many international teachers and what kind of kind of teachers they should introduce to develop education internationalization. Plain language summary: Using qualitative data collected from a university in Beijing, this study explored the international teachers' roles perceived by school administrators, students, and international teachers in the internationalization of Chinese higher education. Results indicate that international teachers play an important role in promoting higher education internationalization in China by serving as the backbones of the teaching process. They also act as walking billboards of internationalization and bridges facilitating communication with international students. However, the cognitive differences between international teachers and students regarding teaching, coupled with administrators' lack of understanding of international teachers' professional needs, hinder the teachers from fulfilling their roles and seeking continuing development. This study presents practical recommendations to enhance international teachers' roles and provides suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the relationship between kindergarten teachers’ professional burnout and their education level and work experience. The data were obtained through a survey conducted among 206 kindergarten teachers. According to the results, kindergarten teachers are most satisfied working with children and collaborating with colleagues, and least satisfied with their monthly income, formal professional training offer, working conditions and work organization. Self-assessment of work exhaustion and work alienation showed no statistically significant differences, but a difference was recorded for work engagement. Kindergarten teachers with bachelor’s degree have the highest level of work engagement, as well as those who are at the beginning of their careers.

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Work engagement has a very positive impact on individuals and organizations, because work engagement is a positive attitude towards work and the organization where they work. The research design can be interpreted as a strategy to organize research steps in order to obtain valid data according to the variable characteristics and research objectives. This research is an ex-post facto research (measurement after the event), because the research data for both the independent variable and the dependent variable have occurred before this research was conducted. Path Analysis (Path Analysis) is used to determine the magnitude of the relationship and the direct and indirect influence of work role suitability (X1), organizational commitment (X2), on work engagement (X3). Because the data obtained from the questionnaire is ordinal data, while the data analysis used to prove the truth of the hypothesis suggests a minimum of interval data, the ordinal data needs to be scaled up to an interval scale through the "method of successive interval. There is a significant influence of work role suitability and organizational commitment together on work engagement. The first research hypothesis is that there is influence from the suitability of work roles and organizational commitment on work engagement in employees of the Regional Government of the Regency of Bali Province. based on the results of the path analysis test or Path Analysis in Table 4.8 the results obtained are the magnitude of the influence of work role suitability on work engagement showing the results Ryx1x2 = 0.926, with a p-value of 0.000

Purpose: Performance that is not optimal for employees is indicated by the amount of work carried out by employees that has not reached the target and does not meet the needs of society, employee engagement physically and psychologically at work is still relatively low, the suitability of employee work roles is not optimal, and commitment to the organization is still relatively low. All of this will affect the low level of performance of district government employees in achieving organizational goals. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses quantitative research with a causal research design. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Findings: This study found that work role suitability has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and there is a simultaneous significant effect between work role suitability and organizational commitment provided on employee performance. Paper type: Research paper

The purpose of this study is to provide the general history of fostering dentists in Japan and introducing their new roles. This research was conducted based on the government policy report on dentists and the information published by each educational institution. Based on the collected data, the official websites were used to represent the latest statistics of the institutions. The number of dentists in Japan has increased. The government established the National Examination for Dentists to guarantee the quality of dentists. After the standards for developing questions for the national examination were established in 1985, the contents of the examination have been appropriately improved by revising the standards every four years. This improvement has required dental students to study a variety of subjects for six years at dental school. Since dentists in Japan are required to respond to various demands from the nation; the Model Core Curriculum for Dental Education was developed to teach medical ethics and abilities to ensure that dentists conduct themselves professionally. Recently, the roles of dentists have been changing in Japan. When providing dental services to older patients over the age of 65, dentists and other dental professions focus on maintaining oral functions, such as saliva secretion, bite force, tongue movement, and masticatory/swallowing functions. However, oral function-related services for children are different. In addition to providing essential dental services, dental practitioners also provide special treatment, such as oral muscle training, myofunctional therapy, health guidance, and space retainers to the child patients with developmental insufficiency in oral functions. Dentistry in Japan has undergone numerous changes over the years and has continued to offer high-quality dental health services. Thus, information gained from the Japanese experience may be helpful to dental professions in other developed countries for planning oral health measures.

Commercial fishers face a range of stressors that impact physical and mental health. However, there is limited research on the level of mental ill‐health among fishers and on the nature of stressors that contribute to their psychological distress. This paper focuses on the experiences of commercial wild‐catch fishers and analyses the results of an Australian national survey conducted in 2017 (n = 872) (Appendix S1). We first assess underlying themes in perceived stressors, identifying three distinct categories termed 'traditional risks', 'modern uncertainties' and 'future concerns'. Second, we assess the level of self‐reported psychological distress, demonstrating higher occurrence of high to very high psychological distress among commercial fishers in comparison with the national population. Third, we examine the relationship between different groups of stressors and psychological distress, finding that stronger perceptions of both 'traditional risks' and 'modern uncertainties' are associated with greater levels of psychological distress among fishers. Fourth, recognizing diversity within the industry, we examine differences in these relationships among skippers and crew (work role), and inshore versus offshore fishers (fishing location). Our analysis demonstrates that 'traditional risks' and 'modern uncertainties' differentially impact on fisher mental health and depend on the individual's role in the industry and their fishing location. The findings suggest that changes to factors associated with modern uncertainty stressors—including government management techniques, red tape, media representation and political support—could significantly improve mental health in the commercial fishing sector. [Correction added on 09 June 2021, after first online publication: Abstract has been corrected in this version.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) having dramatic implications for education systems across the globe. Topics include state-level policymakers introducing the measures and policy directives determining the schools operating during the pandemic; and school leaders developing new sills for leading the transition to online learning.

Correctional officers (COs) are subject to the development of burnout syndrome. This investigation focuses on those factors that contribute to burnout syndrome in COs who work in Italian penitentiary institutions. Utilizing a qualitative methodology with 50 northern Italian COs, the study finds burnout to be caused by two types of factors, organizational and psychosocial. Notably, the results highlight feelings of anguish, sadness, and abandonment and CO requests for psychological help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider whether brokerage in an intraorganizational communication network and type of work role interact to predict individual performance in a professional organization. The independent-interdependent nature of work roles is considered a key factor in structural contingency theory, but is yet to be studied in relation to brokerage. We propose that a brokerage position has a joint effect on performance along with work role in a study of organization-wide communication network in an architectural firm with 65 employees. Our analysis suggests an association between brokerage and role-prescribed performance for individuals in both interdependent and independent types of work roles. Our findings also suggest that interdependent roles requiring broad, organizationwide collaboration, and communication with others, brokerage is positively associated with the performance prescribed by the role, but for independent roles, wherein collaboration and communication are somewhat limited by the formal role, brokerage has far less of an effect. Our findings contribute to brokerage theory by comparing how brokerage affects performance in two distinct work roles by illustrating how the benefits of brokerage seem more restricted to those in interdependent work roles. The contribution of this paper is to suggest the independent-interdependent nature of work role as a boundary condition for brokerage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authentic leadership (AL) framework was explored within small businesses to determine whether owners were authentic leaders who elicited enhanced job satisfaction and performance in their associates. Gender identity and work-role identity were mediators between AL and job satisfaction, and owner gender was a moderator of the AL framework. A total of 155 owners and associates from 63 small businesses in three U.S. states were studied. Using structural equation modeling, three leader models were developed--all genders, women only, and men only, and included the owner(s) and their associate(s). The findings revealed that for the all genders and women-only models, AL led to greater job satisfaction; job satisfaction did not mediate AL and performance; and leader gender moderated AL. For the men-only model, gender identity and work role identity mediated AL and job satisfaction. The results are discussed relative to gender, identity, and AL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of work-family interface research is focused mainly on the issue of role conflict that results from active participation in both, work and family area. Conflict between work and family is defined as a negative interference in the direction from work domain to the family domain (work interferes with family) and in the opposite direction (family interferes with work) and results from 1. (lack of) time, 2. strain, 3. (inadequate) behavior patterns. The current research included 45 couples, which were married or in a relationship where both, the male and female are employed and nurturing at least one child in age between three and twelve years. Subjectively perceived negative aspects of linking work and family roles were examined through structured interviews. As content analysis of responses indicates, the most perceived negative consequence of work-family interface is time-based conflict. Employed parents also perceive the transfer of strain and negative affects between domains.

Aims and objectives: To explore nursing home nurses' experiences and views of work identity. Background: Nursing home nurses are in a unique position as they work at the interface of health and social care. Little is known about nursing home nurses' perceptions and experiences of working within this context. Evidence suggests that using the concept of work identity can support understanding of how workers make sense of their work. Design: Hermeneutic phenomenological study. Methods: The study was carried out in seven nursing homes in North East England. Findings are based upon literary analysis of multiple episodic interviews with 13 nursing home nurses. Results: Participants' responses suggested that nursing “residents” is different to nursing “patients,” and nursing home nurses are required to modify their care activities to account for these differences. Participants also proposed that they are isolated and excluded from the rest of the healthcare workforce group. These issues led participants to feel uncertain about work identity. Many participants attempted to strengthen their work identity by aligning their role with what they perceived the “nurse identity” to be. Conclusion: Nurses' work activities and professional group identity influence their work identity. When work activities and professional group identity do not align with role expectations, as can be the case for nursing home nurses, work identity may be compromised. These nurses may attempt to change work practices to strengthen their work identity. Relevance to clinical practice: Health‐ and social care providers need to account for work identity factors in the organisation of care, and planning and implementation of integrated health‐ and social care initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]