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Occupational nerve injuries span a broad array of pathologies and contribute toward functional limitation, disability, and economic impact. Early and accurate recognition, treatment, and management of workplace factors rely on a thorough understanding of the anatomic and biomechanical factors that drive nerve injury. This review explores the interplay between anatomy, biomechanics, and nerve pathology common to occupational nerve injury and provides the treating physician with a rational, evidence‐based approach to diagnosis and to occupational aspects of management. Assessment of potential occupational nerve injury begins with a detailed understanding of the employee's work duties through a biomechanical lens. One must consider likelihood of occupational causation while accounting for predisposing conditions or preexisting symptoms. Beyond overt crush injury or laceration, potential mechanisms of nerve injury, with effects compounded over time, include compression, stretch, vibration, and repetitive or high‐force movements of regional muscles and joints. Injury often occurs at nerve locations that experience higher pressures, changes in pressure over time, or abrupt changes in trajectory, often near a tethered point. This understanding, coupled with condition‐specific knowledge presented in this review, equips managing physicians to diagnose occupational nerve injury and enhance treatment recommendations with rational activity modifications or equipment that can protect the nerve or decrease likelihood of continued injury. Long‐term management often involves follow‐up to assess effectiveness of interventions in the setting of the work environment, with gradual progression of the worker toward return to unrestricted duty or to a point of maximal medical improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionLower back pain is common worldwide and affects over 600,000 people annually, including teachers. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low back pain and disability among secondary school teachers in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study included secondary school teachers in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. 34 schools were selected using a multistage stratified sampling approach. Teachers were allotted randomly and proportionally to each school. Data was collected by anonymous questionnaire having three elements: sociodemographic and health-related questions, the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, and the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. The anthropometric data was also included. Both unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 601 teachers participated in the study with 62.56% reported low back pain. The overall mean age was 40.31 ± 8.13 years. The male-to-female ratio was similar. Back pain was significantly higher among females than males (73.36 and 51.52%, respectively). Additionally, back pain will significantly increase when stress levels and the number of classes increases. A positive correlation was found between age with low back pain (p = 0.001).There was minimal disability in 64.63% of the 376 teachers who reported low back pain, moderate disability in 29.79%, and severe disability in 4.79%, and only three (0.8%) were considered crippled. Females were more frequently seen in moderate and crippled categories, and perceived stress levels generally increased mean disability scores. Age and female gender were revealed to be significant predictors of low back pain by logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.07) and (adjusted OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.45–3.05), respectively. The number of classes per week was also a significant predictor.ConclusionThis study adds to the epidemiological evidence that reveals a high prevalence of low back pain and disability among teachers. Identified risk factors in this study may also reinforce the importance of setting different interventions and preventive measures to reduce lower back pain risk.

The purpose of the article is to present the consequences due to the presence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the area of the lower back and cervical spine among physiotherapists in Montenegro. One hundred twenty-seven physiotherapists performed the general questionnaire and modified Nordic survey questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. The significance level was set up to p < 0.05. The most frequent painful region among physiotherapists was the lower back (66.1%), followed by the cervical spine (58.3%). Due to the presence of symptoms in the area of the lower back, 54.8% of respondents took therapy, 50% of respondents reduced their activities, 10.7% of respondents missed one or more working days, while 3.6% of respondents changed their workplace. Due to the presence of symptoms in the area of the cervical spine, 60.8% of respondents took therapy, 35.1% of respondents reduced their activities, 6.8% of respondents missed one or more working days, while 1.4% of respondents changed their workplace. The results of our research showed the consequences due to the presence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the area of the lower back and cervical spine among physiotherapists in Montenegro. This includes taking therapy due to the presence of symptoms, reducing activity due to the presence of symptoms, missing one or more working days due to the presence of symptoms, and changing workplaces due to the presence of symptoms. It is recommended to apply a prevention strategy that should be formed simultaneously on 3 levels: valid legal regulations and guidelines for organizing the work environment of physiotherapists, by adjusting the organization and ergonomics of the workplace and education of physiotherapists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Occupational health surveillance programs have rarely incorporated syndromic surveillance. We documented a process for evaluating and revising syndromic surveillance definitions, using the example of work-related emergency department (ED) visits., Materials and Methods: Of 140 331 481 ED visits in the National Syndromic Surveillance Program from May 15, 2016, through October 31, 2017, we extracted 391 827 records for phase 1 that met the previously unevaluated original work-related definition or included a work-related employment status ICD-10-CM code (Y99.0/Y99.1; International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification ). Also for phase 1, we evaluated the performance of the original work-related definition using ICD-10-CM work-related employment status codes as a reference standard. In phase 2, we extracted 99 109 records containing candidate work-related keywords. Finally, in phase 3, we examined individual keywords and developed and evaluated a revised definition., Results: The revised work-related definition identified 259 153 visits by keyword alone, 104 342 visits by ICD-10-CM work-related employment status codes alone, and 16 385 ED visits by both methods. Sensitivity (13.6% vs 11.3%) and positive predictive value (5.9% vs 4.8%) were higher for the revised definition than for the original work-related definition. Manual review indicated that 91.3% (95% CI, 89.6%-93.0%) of visits identified by the revised definition keywords met the study criteria for work-related visits as compared with 75.5% (95% CI, 73.0%-78.4%) of visits for the original work-related definition., Practice Implications: The original work-related definition performed suboptimally because keywords were not sufficiently specific. The revised definition is an improvement but requires testing in real-world scenarios. The presented methods for developing a syndromic surveillance definition are useful, not only for occupational health, but for identification of other subpopulations treated in the ED., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Purpose: Healthcare workers (HCW) are exposed to numerous occupation-related eye hazards. We studied the epidemiological distribution, risk factors, and severity of acute work-related hazardous exposure/infection (WRHEI) to the eyes of HCW in a tertiary healthcare institution in Southern India. Methods: In this prospective observational study, we included HCW who reported acute WRHEI between February 15, 2017 and August 14, 2017 from a total 11,628 HCWs (staff and students). Each HCW underwent a comprehensive eye examination. Information regarding WRHEI was collected by a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20.0. Results: Cumulative incidence of acute WRHEI in 6 months was 0.8%, 95% CI (0.64–0.96). Among the 94 reporting WRHEI, 82 (87.2%) were staff and 12 (12.8%) students. Mean age was 31.53 ± 8.39 years and 65 (69%) were females. Exposures were reported more commonly among nurses (25.5%), followed by technicians (18%), and housekeeping staff (15.9%). Infectious eye hazards accounted for 50%. Noninfectious eye hazards included exposure to chemicals (28%) and blood and body fluid (8%). Among them, awareness regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) and its usage was present in 44.6 and 27.6%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that HCWs working in clinical areas (adjusted odd's ratio (AOR): 3.23, 95% CI: 1.12–9.34) and not wearing glasses (AOR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.33–10.34) had a significantly higher risk of acute WRHEI. Conclusion: Cumulative Incidence of WRHEI eye was 8 per 1000 in 6 months. Infectious conjunctivitis is half the burden followed by chemical exposures. Awareness regarding eye safety and usage of PPE was low.

Purpose: Healthcare workers (HCW) are exposed to numerous occupation-related eye hazards. We studied the epidemiological distribution, risk factors, and severity of acute work-related hazardous exposure/infection (WRHEI) to the eyes of HCW in a tertiary healthcare institution in Southern India.Methods: In this prospective observational study, we included HCW who reported acute WRHEI between February 15, 2017 and August 14, 2017 from a total 11,628 HCWs (staff and students). Each HCW underwent a comprehensive eye examination. Information regarding WRHEI was collected by a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20.0.Results: Cumulative incidence of acute WRHEI in 6 months was 0.8%, 95% CI (0.64-0.96). Among the 94 reporting WRHEI, 82 (87.2%) were staff and 12 (12.8%) students. Mean age was 31.53 ± 8.39 years and 65 (69%) were females. Exposures were reported more commonly among nurses (25.5%), followed by technicians (18%), and housekeeping staff (15.9%). Infectious eye hazards accounted for 50%. Noninfectious eye hazards included exposure to chemicals (28%) and blood and body fluid (8%). Among them, awareness regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) and its usage was present in 44.6 and 27.6%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that HCWs working in clinical areas (adjusted odd's ratio (AOR): 3.23, 95% CI: 1.12-9.34) and not wearing glasses (AOR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.33-10.34) had a significantly higher risk of acute WRHEI.Conclusion: Cumulative Incidence of WRHEI eye was 8 per 1000 in 6 months. Infectious conjunctivitis is half the burden followed by chemical exposures. Awareness regarding eye safety and usage of PPE was low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are dramatically increased in the world due to the advancement of technology and competitiveness of markets. There were limited studies carried out regarding WMSDs among bank workers in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among bank workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed in the study. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select 838 bank workers from 62 banks in Addis Ababa. Self-administered standard Nordic questionnaires were used as well. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with WMSDs. Moreover adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value

This study aimed to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of the publications on occupational stress and highlight key research topics and future trends. The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched to collect publications on occupational stress, from inception to December 9, 2020. Two authors independently screened eligible literature and extracted the data. Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer 1.6.6 and R 3.6.3 software. Overall, 6,564 publications on occupational stress were included. “Stress,” with a total link strength of 1,252, appeared as the most co-occurrence keyword, followed by “occupational stress,” “job stress,” and “job satisfaction.” All studies were published between 1956 and 2020. Among them, 6,176 (94.35%) papers were written in English, and 4,706 (70.25%) were original articles. The top three Web of Science categories were “public environmental occupational health” (n = 1,711), “psychology, applied” (n = 846), and “psychology, multidisciplinary” (n = 650). The 100 top-cited articles were mentioned a total of 36,145 times, with a median of 361, ranging from 174 to 5,574. The United States was the most productive country, with 1,780 publications. The main partners of the United States were England and China. Three themes of occupational stress research were identified: job satisfaction, burnout, and occupational stress-related health problems. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the trends and most influential contributions to the field of occupational stress, thus promoting ideas for future research.

Our purpose to review the manuscripts worldwide and evaluate the prognostic factors that effect end visual acuity in different injury groups. Studies about ocular injuries of the children, worker, driver, and army personal were investigated. Injuries of those groups are more frequent in our region than some other regions. Prognostic factors of those studies were compared with each other. Globally prevention is critical and open glob injury is bad prognostic factor, evaluation of visual acuity of the paediatric patients is important. Work related injuries and combat injuries mostly happen in productive young-aged and those have impact as global burden. Ocular traumas secondary to motor vehicle accident can cause central blindness secondary to optic neuropathy or intracranial pathology.

Purpose: To present a work related penetrating neck injury that was refered to our department for Horner`s Syndrome (HS). Case Presentation: A 48-year-old male was referred to Ophthalmology department due to blurred vision in his left eye. In his medical history, he had a work related penetrating neck injury by a four cm metal of diamond cutting piece one year ago. On physical and ophthalmologic examination, ptosis and miosis were detected on his left eye. Conclusion: Artery injuries should be kept in mind, if HS accompany a neck injury. To best of our knowledge our case report is the first occupational HS with a projectile object.

Background: Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are the sort of disorders which involves soft tissues. The involvement of soft tissues can be due to the over use, restlessness and improper use. The main target of WRMSD are working indicuduals. it may cause muscle strain, ligament strain, tendon strain, tendentious and bursitis. Methods: The cross section survey was conducted and data was collected from July to October 2018 from civil hospital Quetta, Pakistan. A self-constructed proforma was used among the 97 patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria and Spss version 23 was used. Results: The majority (n=49, 50.5%) were belongs to age group of 21 to 35 and were (n=51, 52.6%) were male. In marital status majority (n=64, 66%) were married. In involvement of part majority (n=28, 28.9%) were suffering from lower back problem. After checking the type of injury (n=48, 49.5%) were suffering from muscular strain. In the context of onset of injury majority (N=41, 42.3%) were experienced their problem suddenly. Conclusion: The study finalized that WRMSD is most common in working individuals especially in older and females. The WRMDS puts heavy burden on the society, annually. As the participants who belongs to low socio economic status are more vulnerable for WRMDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Workplace-based selective prevention of mental health problems currently relies on subjective evaluation of stress complaints. Hair cortisol captures chronic stress responses and could be a promising biomarker for the early identification of mental health problems. The objective was to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the practical value of hair cortisol in the occupational setting. Methods: We performed a scoping review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO up to November 2019 assessing the relations of hair cortisol with work-related stressors, perceived stress, and mental health outcomes in healthy workers. Results: We found five longitudinal studies, of which two observed an increase in work-related stressors to be associated with higher hair cortisol, one found a relation with lower hair cortisol and one did not find a relationship. Findings of cross-sectional studies were also mixed. The one available longitudinal study regarding mental health showed that hair cortisol was not related to depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Hair cortisol measurement within occupational health research is still in its early stage and more longitudinal studies are urgently needed to clarify its relationship with work-related stressors and perceived stress before hair cortisol can be used to identify workers at risk for mental health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study investigates the effect of a participatory organizational intervention on social capital and organizational readiness for change. Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial. Methods: In 2016, 27 departments from five hospitals in Denmark were randomly allocated at the department level to 1 year of participatory intervention (14 clusters, 316 healthcare workers) or a control group (13 clusters, 309 healthcare workers). The participatory intervention consisted of 2 × 2 hr workshops, where managers, 2–5 healthcare workers from each department, and the hospital's health and safety staff, developed action plans for implementing solutions for improving the use of assistive devices at the department throughout the 1‐year intervention period. Workplace social capital: (a) within teams (bonding); (b) between teams and nearest leaders (linking A); and (c) between teams and distant leaders (linking B) and organizational readiness for change were measured using questionnaires at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Results: No group‐by‐time interaction occurred for any of the outcome measures. However, explorative post hoc analysis showed within‐group improvements in bonding and linking B social capital and organizational readiness for change following the participatory intervention. Conclusion: Participatory organizational interventions may improve social capital within teams and between teams and distant leaders and organizational readiness for change. Impact: Implementing participatory interventions at the workplace may be a cost‐effective strategy as they provide additional benefits, e.g., increased social capital and improved organizational readiness for change, that exceed the primary outcome of the intervention. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02708550) March 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Musculoskeletal pain have been an issue of concern for Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons for a long time now. The aim of this study is to find the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Method: A cross sectional Analytic study was implemented. The association of musculoskeletal pain and posture, loupes and demographic characteristics where explored. Chi-square analyses were used to compare the different participant responses and the variables and multiple logistic regression was used to determine the significant relationship. Result: Out of a total of 100 Maxillofacial Surgeons 96% and 45% reported to always preferably stand during OT procedures and extractions. Lower back, neck and shoulder were the main regions that pain was reported. Surgeons who opted to sit during extractions experienced pain in elbow (P=0.009). Lower back and neck pain was found to be more common among surgeons who does not use loupes which may be due to the tensed flexion activity of the muscle. Conclusion: Majority of the subjects had pain in the lower back and no statistical association was found out between age and the incidence of pain. It was also found that majority of the subjects who refrained from using loupes had experienced pain at multiple sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are dramatically increased in the world due to the advancement of technology and competitiveness of markets. There were limited studies carried out regarding WMSDs among bank workers in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among bank workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed in the study. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select 838 bank workers from 62 banks in Addis Ababa. Self-administered standard Nordic questionnaires were used as well. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with WMSDs. Moreover adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value < 0.05 was used to show the strength of association between explanatory variables and dependent variable. Results: Out of 838 total numbers of participants, 755 bank workers returned their questionnaires responding with a rate of 90%. Of these, 77.6% (N = 586) suffered WMSDs with a 95% CI [75–81%]. Based on the final multivariate logistic regression analysis being female [AOR = 2.98, 95% CI 1.91–4.65], sitting back in a twisted position [AOR = 3.59, 95% CI 2.13–6.08], sitting back bent [AOR = 4.06, 95% CI 2.48–6.66], work on fixed position [AOR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.17–2.71], no work time break [AOR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.44–7.71], type of chairs [AOR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.19–5.75] and job stress [AOR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.19–4.54] were factors significantly associated with WMSDs. Conclusion: From the study's findings, the magnitude of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among bank workers was high. Being female, awkward posture, no work time break, fixed position, type of chairs, and job stress are the factors significantly associated with WMSDs. So bank workers should use proper types of chairs, practice proper work posture, increase healthy working conditions, and create awareness programs on how to maintain beneficial health conditions which may lead to increased leisure time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is commonly assumed that beneficial adaptations in bone occur with vigorous exercise, yet any adaptive re/modeling in bone undergoing persistent overloading can be counteracted by superimposed inflammatory, compressive, and tensile loading-induced damage responses above thresholds of tissue fatigue failure and repair. This leads to a tenuous balance between achieving bone accrual and loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the mechanisms of injury associated with occupational injuries (OI) to genitourinary (GU) organs and compare GU OIs with GU non-OIs. Methods: A single institution, retrospective study was conducted at a level 1 trauma center between 2010 and 2016 of all patients with GU injuries. OI was defined as any traumatic event that occurred in the workplace requiring hospital admission. Types of occupations were recorded in addition to the location of injury, mechanisms of injury, concomitant injuries, operative interventions, total cost, and mortality. GU OI patients were then compared to GU non-OI patients. Results: 623 patients suffered a GU injury, of which 39 (6.3%) had a GU OI. Fall (43%) was the most common mechanism of injury; followed by motor vehicle collision/motorcycle crash (31%), crush injury (18%), and pedestrian struck (8%). The adrenal gland (38%) and kidney (38%) were the most commonly injured organs. There was no difference in mortality (13% GU OI vs. 15% GU non-OI, p = 0.70) or total direct cost ($21,192 ± 28,543 GU OI vs. $28,215 ± 32,332 GU non-OI, p = 0.45). Total costs were decreased with mortality from a GU injury (odds ratio (OR) 0.3, CI 0.26–0.59; p = < 0.001) and increased with higher injury severity scores (OR 1.1, CI 1.09–1.2; p = < 0.0001). Total costs were not affected by OI status. Conclusions: Occupational GU trauma presents with similar patterns of injury, hospital course, and direct cost as GU trauma that occurs in non-occupational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ergonomic hazards are the precursors to work-related musculoskeletal discomforts (WMSDs) in most work environments, hence, to locate a hazard, search for WMSDs. This study investigates the pattern and predictors of WMSDs and the attending ergonomic hazards that potentiate these WMSDs among employees in a tertiary healthcare centre. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey involving employees of Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta Ogun State Nigeria. They completed a questionnaire on the perceived presence of ergonomic hazards at their work stations and the standardized Nordic questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine the data. Results: 71.9% of the respondents reported WMSDs with lower back, upper back and the neck being the three most affected areas. Prolonged standing (53.1%) and prolonged sitting (40.8%) were the most prevalent perceived ergonomic hazard among the respondents. Forceful exertion was the hazard that has the highest estimated relative risk of causing musculoskeletal pain over a 12 month period (OR = 4.8), followed by prolonged standing (OR = 2.7), and frequent bending (OR = 2.6). Educational status and age of the respondents were significantly associated with the presence of WMSD (p < 0.005). Significant predictors of the presence of WMSDs were length of employment and department of employee (p < 0.005). Conclusion: WMSD is most prevalent around the back predicted by length of employment and department of employee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective is to assess the influence of sociodemographic, professional and clinical variables on the choice of treatment of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). An exhaustive and trans-sectional study was conducted over a period of eight years, from 1st January 2006 to 31 December 2013 in the Department of Occupational Medicine at University Hospital of Mahdia, Tunisia. The study population was represented by patients with work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. Data collection was based on a questionnaire sheet, describing social, occupational and medical characteristics of patients. The study population was characterized by a large female dominance, representing 95.3% with an average age of 42±7.8 years. Patients medically treated represented 38.7% and 61.3% had had surgical treatment. After binary logistic regression, surgical indication of CTS was significantly correlated to diabetes (p=0.017), other musculoskeletal disorders (p=0.02), functional signs of CTS (acrocyanosis p=0.05; muscle weakness p=0.015; radiating pain p=0.01; painful discomfort of the hand, the forearm or arm p=0.027) and to the atrophy of thenar muscles (p=0.018). According to this study, the choice of therapy for occupational CTS depends only on clinical data. More detailed studies will be needed to refine these results.

Introduction: Lower back pain is common worldwide and affects over 600,000 people annually, including teachers. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low back pain and disability among secondary school teachers in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included secondary school teachers in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. 34 schools were selected using a multistage stratified sampling approach. Teachers were allotted randomly and proportionally to each school. Data was collected by anonymous questionnaire having three elements: sociodemographic and health-related questions, the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, and the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. The anthropometric data was also included. Both unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed., Results: A total of 601 teachers participated in the study with 62.56% reported low back pain. The overall mean age was 40.31 ± 8.13 years. The male-to-female ratio was similar. Back pain was significantly higher among females than males (73.36 and 51.52%, respectively). Additionally, back pain will significantly increase when stress levels and the number of classes increases. A positive correlation was found between age with low back pain ( p  = 0.001).There was minimal disability in 64.63% of the 376 teachers who reported low back pain, moderate disability in 29.79%, and severe disability in 4.79%, and only three (0.8%) were considered crippled. Females were more frequently seen in moderate and crippled categories, and perceived stress levels generally increased mean disability scores. Age and female gender were revealed to be significant predictors of low back pain by logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.07) and (adjusted OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.45-3.05), respectively. The number of classes per week was also a significant predictor., Conclusion: This study adds to the epidemiological evidence that reveals a high prevalence of low back pain and disability among teachers. Identified risk factors in this study may also reinforce the importance of setting different interventions and preventive measures to reduce lower back pain risk., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Almansour, Almutairi, Alaskar, Kalkatawi, Aljubair, Alotaibi, AlHarkan, Alqahtani and AlOmar.)

Transient shoulder pain is a common complaint following intramuscular vaccine administration into the deltoid. More severe vaccination-associated shoulder complications comprising of weakness and decreased range of motion are categorized under the construct "shoulder injury related to vaccine administration" (SIRVA) that subsumes both subjective and objective findings consistent with injury. We describe the presentation and management of a case of SIRVA in a health care worker following seasonal influenza vaccine administration as part of a hospital-based employee health program and review the relevant biomedical literature. We present a case from a single medical center. All data were collected by professionals in occupational health by interviewing, performing physical examinations, and reviewing medical records associated with the injured worker. Severe pain and limited range of shoulder motion developed following an influenza vaccination that was administered using a poorly positioned, larger than recommended needle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated moderate glenohumeral joint effusion and synovitis, with fluid accumulating in the subscapularis recess within 1 week of injury. At 8 months after initial injury, MRI showed persistent mild tenosynovitis of the long head of the biceps tendon, interval accumulation of a large glenohumeral joint effusion, and infraspinatus tendinitis with subjacent reactive bone marrow edema. The affected worker experienced work restrictions but had no complete lost workdays to date due to the injury. Occupationally related SIRVA is a preventable adverse event that should be considered in workplace vaccine administration programs, and appropriate education and training provided to vaccine administrators to address this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Injury to the gastrocnemius muscle (tennis leg) is a presenting complaint often associated with athletic pursuits. Despite that label, this form of injury is likely to be common to a variety of salaried and nonsalaried pursuits beyond sports. Method: We describe the presentation and management of two cases of "tennis leg" injury occurring in an occupational rather than athletic setting and review the relevant medical literature. Results: Partial tears of the medial insertion of the gastrocnemius tendon were documented in both cases, in the first through magnetic resonance imaging and in the second by ultrasound. Conclusion: Rupture of the tendon to the medial head of the gastrocnemius, the so-called "tennis leg" injury, should be considered as potentially work-related trauma, rather than taken to be solely a sports injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare workers, especially those with direct patient contact are amongst professions with the highest rate of workrelated musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), physical therapists (PTs) being one of them. Our objective was to review current knowledge relating to the prevalence, risk factors and prevention of WMSDs among PTs. Pubmed, Google Scholar and PEDro databases were searched for terms relating to WMSDs in PTs from inception to 2015. The prevalence of WMSDs among PTs was high, with lifetime prevalence reported as 55–91%, and 12-month prevalence ranges 40–91.3%, and the lower back as the most frequently affected, with estimates of a lifetime prevalence ranging 26–79.6%, and a 12-month prevalence ranging 22–73.1%, followed most often by the neck, upper back and shoulders. The major risk factors for workrelated low back pain (LBP) were: lifting, transferring, repetitive movements, awkward and static postures, physical load, treating a large number of patients in a single day and working while injured. Low back pain seems to be age- and genderrelated with a higher prevalence in females, younger PTs and PTs working in rehabilitation settings. Physical therapists, as a consequence of work-related LBP, may seek treatment, modify their daily living and leisure (lifestyle) activities, use aids and equipment or change their specialty area either within the profession or by leaving it. Skills and knowledge as to correct body mechanics do not prevent work-related injuries. Mechanical aids used for a patient transfer should be adopted by PTs and new strategies should be developed to reduce their WMSDs without compromising the quality of treatment. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5):735–747

Background: Work-related Neck Pain (WRNP) is a leading cause of disability and absenteeism. There is dearth of information about burden and determinants of WRNP in health facility setting in India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. All Group C desk job workers involved in the administrative work were included in the study. Participants were screened for WRNP by using pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Detailed information on probable risk factors was collected among patients with WRNP. Neck examination by trained investigator was done. Work place assessment was done by using observation check-list using the recommendations of the ISO Standard (Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals). Crude and adjusted odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence interval to understand the determinants of WRNP. Results: In total, 441 participants were included in the study. Of them, 58% were males. Majority of participants aged between31-50 years. One-year prevalence of neck pain and WRNP was reported as 43.3%, (95% CI 38.7%-47.9%) and 28.3%, (95% CI 24.3%-32.7%) respectively. On multivariate analysis, female gender (OR-2.0 95% CI) and poor perception of breaks during working hours (OR-2.4 95% CI), along with work place related factors such as posture (OR-5.4 95% CI) and height of the screen (