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4. Regional impacts of warming on biodiversity and biomass in high latitude stream ecosystems across the Northern Hemisphere

Author

Jackson, Michelle C., Friberg, Nikolai, Moliner Cachazo, Luis, Clark, David R., Mutinova, Petra Thea, O’Gorman, Eoin J., Kordas, Rebecca L., Gallo, Bruno, Pichler, Doris E., Bespalaya, Yulia, Aksenova, Olga V., Milner, Alexander, Brooks, Stephen J., Dunn, Nicholas, Lee, K.W.K., Ólafsson, Jón S., Gíslason, Gísli M., Millan, Lucia, Bell, Thomas, Dumbrell, Alex J., and Woodward, Guy

Published
2024
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8. Genomic screening of 16 UK native bat species through conservationist networks uncovers coronaviruses with zoonotic potential

Author

Tan, Cedric C. S., Trew, Jahcub, Peacock, Thomas P., Mok, Kai Yi, Hart, Charlie, Lau, Kelvin, Ni, Dongchun, Orme, C. David L., Ransome, Emma, Pearse, William D., Coleman, Christopher M., Bailey, Dalan, Thakur, Nazia, Quantrill, Jessica L., Sukhova, Ksenia, Richard, Damien, Kahane, Laura, Woodward, Guy, Bell, Thomas, Worledge, Lisa, Nunez-Mino, Joe, Barclay, Wendy, van Dorp, Lucy, Balloux, Francois, and Savolainen, Vincent

Published
2023
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13. Warming reduces trophic diversity in high‐latitude food webs.

Author

Jackson, Michelle C., O'Gorman, Eoin J., Gallo, Bruno, Harpenslager, Sarah F., Randall, Kate, Harris, Danielle N., Prentice, Hannah, Trimmer, Mark, Sanders, Ian, Dumbrell, Alex J., Cameron, Tom C., Layer‐Dobra, Katrin, Bespalaya, Yulia, Aksenova, Olga, Friberg, Nikolai, Moliner Cachazo, Luis, Brooks, Stephen J., and Woodward, Guy

Subjects
GLOBAL warming, FOOD chains, INVERTEBRATE communities, ARCTIC climate, FRESHWATER invertebrates
Abstract

The physical effects of climate warming have been well documented, but the biological responses are far less well known, especially at the ecosystem level and at large (intercontinental) scales. Global warming over the next century is generally predicted to reduce food web complexity, but this is rarely tested empirically due to the dearth of studies isolating the effects of temperature on complex natural food webs. To overcome this obstacle, we used 'natural experiments' across 14 streams in Iceland and Russia, with natural warming of up to 20°C above the coldest stream in each high‐latitude region, where anthropogenic warming is predicted to be especially rapid. Using biomass‐weighted stable isotope data, we found that community isotopic divergence (a universal, taxon‐free measure of trophic diversity) was consistently lower in warmer streams. We also found a clear shift towards greater assimilation of autochthonous carbon, which was driven by increasing dominance of herbivores but without a concomitant increase in algal stocks. Overall, our results support the prediction that higher temperatures will simplify high‐latitude freshwater ecosystems and provide the first mechanistic glimpses of how warming alters energy transfer through food webs at intercontinental scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Defining and delivering resilient ecological networks: Nature conservation in England

Author

Isaac, Nick J. B., Brotherton, Peter N. M., Bullock, James M., Gregory, Richard D., Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Connor, Ben, Crick, Humphrey Q. P., Freckleton, Robert P., Gill, Jennifer A., Hails, Rosemary S., Hartikainen, Minna, Hester, Alison J., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Oliver, Thomas H., Pearson, Richard G., Sutherland, William J., Thomas, Chris D., Travis, Justin M. J., Turnbull, Lindsay A., Willis, Kathy, Woodward, Guy, and Mace, Georgina M.

Published
2018

26. Predator traits determine food-web architecture across ecosystems

Author

Brose, Ulrich, Archambault, Phillippe, Barnes, Andrew D., Bersier, Louis-Felix, Boy, Thomas, Canning-Clode, João, Conti, Erminia, Dias, Marta, Digel, Christoph, Dissanayake, Awantha, Flores, Augusto A. V., Fussmann, Katarina, Gauzens, Benoit, Gray, Clare, Häussler, Johanna, Hirt, Myriam R., Jacob, Ute, Jochum, Malte, Kéfi, Sonia, McLaughlin, Orla, MacPherson, Muriel M., Latz, Ellen, Layer-Dobra, Katrin, Legagneux, Pierre, Li, Yuanheng, Madeira, Carolina, Martinez, Neo D., Mendonça, Vanessa, Mulder, Christian, Navarrete, Sergio A., O’Gorman, Eoin J., Ott, David, Paula, José, Perkins, Daniel, Piechnik, Denise, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Raffaelli, David, Rall, Björn C., Rosenbaum, Benjamin, Ryser, Remo, Silva, Ana, Sohlström, Esra H., Sokolova, Natalia, Thompson, Murray S. A., Thompson, Ross M., Vermandele, Fanny, Vinagre, Catarina, Wang, Shaopeng, Wefer, Jori M., Williams, Richard J., Wieters, Evie, Woodward, Guy, and Iles, Alison C.

Published
2019
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36. Invasion of a stream food web by a new top predator

Author

Woodward, Guy

Subjects
577, Biology
Abstract

A large predator, the nymph of the dragonfly Cordulegaster boltonii (Anisoptera) (Donovan), has recently invaded Broadstone Stream, an acid headwater in southern England. Because of its large size, the invader established itself as a new top predator. The Broadstone Stream food web is exceptionally detailed and the community has been studied since the early 1970s. The invasion of C boltonii, therefore, provided a rare opportunity to investigate the effects of a potentially strong perturbation upon a well-described system. At the peak of the invasion C boltonii density exceeded seventy nymphs per square metre, comparable to the abundance of the previous top predators. The invasion appeared to part of a long-term trend, within an otherwise persistent community, towards a fauna less tolerant of profound acidity. Mobile, epibenthic prey were particularly vulnerable to C boltonii, due to high encounter rate. In field experiments,t he invader depressedth e abundanceo f two such species, a previous top predator and a detritivorous stonefly, whereas many other taxa were largely unaffected. Predator impact was strongest during peak prey abundance in the summer and autumn, and weakest in the spring when prey were scarce. The diets of the resident predators and C boltonii overlapped extensively when prey were seasonally abundant, but resource-partitioning increased as prey abundance declined. The recent decline in the abundance of P. conspersa, which had the most similar diet to C boltonfl, may be due to competitive and predatory interactions with the larger predator. Cordulegaster boltonii preyed upon virtually every animal taxon within the food web. Consequently, the complexity of the web (e. g. linkage density, omnivory and chain length) increased following the invasion. However, most taxa were rare and most feeding links were weak when the web was quantified.

Published
1999

39. How many predator guts are required to predict trophic interactions?

Author

Gupta, Anubhav, David Figueroa, H, O'Gorman, Eoin, Jones, Iwan, Woodward, Guy, Petchey, Owen L, Gupta, Anubhav, David Figueroa, H, O'Gorman, Eoin, Jones, Iwan, Woodward, Guy, and Petchey, Owen L

Abstract

1) A large obstacle in food web ecology is the time and effort required to adequately describe the structure of a food web using individual predator guts. Food web models such as the allometric diet breadth model (ADBM) can be used to circumvent this problem by predicting the interactions based on easily measured characteristics, such as the size of organisms. However, diet data such as that which comes from analysis of predator guts is still required to parameterise these food web models, and collecting and analysing these data from the field is an expensive and time-consuming task. Therefore, it is important to know how many predator guts are required to parameterise food web models to obtain food web structures with high accuracy and precision. 2) Here, we explore seven exceptionally well-characterised food webs and determine the minimum number of predator guts needed to accurately predict their structure using the ADBM. We use Bayesian computation to parameterise the ADBM, and true skill statistics to measure the goodness of fit, and do so while varying the number of predator guts used in the parameterisation to test the effect of sampling effort. 3) We found that relatively few, and many fewer than were actually collected, predator guts can be used to parameterise the ADBM. The lowest number of predator guts was 27% of the number of available predator guts. The number of predator guts required to accurately characterise food webs increases by ~7 ±2.2 guts for 10 units increase in the number of trophic links and ~ 9 ±4.7 guts for a unit increase in the number of species. 4) These results suggest that one need not collect and analyse such a large quantity of predator guts in order to adequately predict the structure of a food web, thereby reducing sampling effort considerably, while having little effect on precision or accuracy of predictions.

Published
2023

41. Preface

Author

Dumbrell, Alex J., primary, Woodward, Guy, additional, Jackson, Michelle C., additional, and Bohan, David A., additional

Published
2018
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43. Surveillance of 16 UK native bat species through conservationist networks uncovers coronaviruses with zoonotic potential

Author

Tan, Cedric C.S., primary, Trew, Jahcub, additional, Peacock, Thomas P., additional, Mok, Kai Yi, additional, Hart, Charlie, additional, Lau, Kelvin, additional, Ni, Dongchun, additional, Orme, David, additional, Ransome, Emma, additional, Pearse, William D., additional, Coleman, Christopher M., additional, Bailey, Dalan, additional, Thakur, Nazia, additional, Quantrill, Jessica L., additional, Sukhova, Ksenia, additional, Richard, Damien, additional, Woodward, Guy, additional, Bell, Thomas, additional, Worledge, Lisa, additional, Nunez-Mino, Joe, additional, Barclay, Wendy, additional, van Dorp, Lucy, additional, Balloux, Francois, additional, and Savolainen, Vincent, additional

Published
2023
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46. Linking biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being: three challenges for designing research for sustainability

Author

Bennett, Elena M, Cramer, Wolfgang, Begossi, Alpina, Cundill, Georgina, Díaz, Sandra, Egoh, Benis N, Geijzendorffer, Ilse R, Krug, Cornelia B, Lavorel, Sandra, Lazos, Elena, Lebel, Louis, Martín-López, Berta, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Mooney, Harold A, Nel, Jeanne L, Pascual, Unai, Payet, Karine, Harguindeguy, Natalia Pérez, Peterson, Garry D, Prieur-Richard, Anne-Hélène, Reyers, Belinda, Roebeling, Peter, Seppelt, Ralf, Solan, Martin, Tschakert, Petra, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, BL, II, Verburg, Peter H, Viglizzo, Ernesto F, White, Piran CL, and Woodward, Guy

Published
2015
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47. Impacts of an aggressive riparian invader on community structure and ecosystem functioning in stream food webs

Author

Hladyz, Sally, Abjornsson, Kajsa, Giller, Paul S, and Woodward, Guy

Abstract

MDFRC item.April 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01924.x.Bioassessment in running waters has focused primarily on the impacts of organic pollution on community structure. Other stressors (e.g. invasive species) and impacts on ecosystem processes have been largely ignored in many riverine biomonitoring schemes, despite being required increasingly by environmental legislation. Exotic riparian plants can exert potentially powerful stresses by altering both autochthonous and allochthonous trophic pathways. We examined the impact of Rhododendron ponticum on community structure and three key ecosystem processes (decomposition, primary production, and herbivory) in nine streams bordered by three characteristic vegetation types (deciduous woodland, pasture, or Rhododendron). Community structure and ecosystem process rates differed among vegetation types, with autochthonous pathways being relatively more important in the pasture streams than in the woodland reference streams. Overall ecosystem functioning, however, was compromised in the invaded streams because both allochthonous and autochthonous inputs were impaired. Rhododendron’s poor quality litter and densely shaded canopy suppressed decomposition rates and algal production, and the availability of resources to consumer assemblages. Synthesis and applications. Combining measures of invertebrate abundance, rates of litter decomposition and algal production in future bioassessments of stream ecosystem functioning can help to make better informed management decisions and to develop more focused priorities for mediating the negative effects of riparian invasions. We provide a series of specific recommendations for dealing with invasive riparian plants in general, and Rhododendron in particular, in order to minimize their impacts on stream ecosystems. For instance, where the invader produces poor quality litter the canopy should be kept as open as possible over the stream channel to reduce impacts on algal production, thereby retaining alternative food chains that can be exploited by generalist consumers in the absence of viable detrital resources.

Published
2023
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48. Resource quality and stoichiometric constraints on stream ecosystem functioning

Author

Hladyz, Sally, Gessner, Mark O, Giller, Paul S, Pozo, Jesus, and Woodward, Guy

Abstract

Murray-Darling Freshwater Research CentreMDFRC item.1. Resource quality and stoichiometric imbalances in carbon : nutrient ratios between consumers and resources can influence key ecosystem processes. In many streams, this has important implications for food webs that are based largely upon the utilization of terrestrial leaf-litter, which varies widely among litter types in its value as a food source for detritivores and as a substrate for microbial decomposers.2. We measured breakdown rates and macroinvertebrate colonization of leaf-litter from a range of native and exotic plants of differing resource quality and palatability to consumers [e.g. carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus (C : N : P) ratios, lignin and cellulose content], in a field experiment. We also measured C : N : P ratios of the principal leaf-shredding invertebrates, which revealed strong stoichiometric imbalances across trophic levels: C : N and C : P ratios typically differed by at least one order of magnitude between consumers and resources, whereas N : P imbalances were less marked. Application of the threshold elemental ratio approach, which integrates animal bioenergetics and body elemental composition in examining nutrient deficiency between consumers and resources, revealed less marked C : P imbalances than those based on the simpler arithmetic differences described above.3. Litter breakdown rates declined as nutrient imbalances widened and resource quality fell, but they were independent of whether resources were exotic or native. The principal drivers of total, microbial and invertebrate-mediated breakdown rates were lignin : N, lignin : P and fungal biomass, respectively. However, multiple regression using orthogonal predictors yielded even more efficient models of litter breakdown, as consumers responded to more than one aspect of resource quality. For example, fungal biomass and litter C : N both influenced invertebrate-mediated breakdown.4. Large stoichiometric imbalances and changes in resource quality are likely to have serious consequences for stream ecosystem functioning, especially when riparian zones have been invaded by exotic plant species whose chemical composition differs markedly from that of the native flora. Consequently, the magnitude and direction of change in breakdown rates and, thus, resource depletion, will be driven to a large extent by the biochemical traits (rather than taxonomic identity per se) of the resident and invading flora.

Published
2023
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50. FAKING IT.

Author

Woodward, Guy

Subjects
*HISTORICAL source material, *HISTORIANS, *TEST interpretation, *MILITARY science, *WORLD War II
Abstract

The article explores how State-run collections of historical documents are prone to work of historians, depends on the study and interpretation of documents. Topics include consult materials in the papers of the Political Warfare Executive, a secret service established during the Second World War with the mission of spreading propaganda to enemy-occupied territories; covert introduction of forged documents into official government files goes under examination of documents and handwritings.

Published
2021

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