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This study compares three versions of Go-NoGo task, each with different game mechanics (non-game, points, theme) across two different testing settings (laboratory and online). The primary research question to be addressed is: What is the effect on the data produced by, and subjective ratings of, a Go-NoGo task when game mechanics, such as a strong theme or points, are added? The non-game Go-NoGo task is simple, with green and red objects being used as Go and NoGo stimuli. The points condition adds a reward for responding quickly and punishes commission errors, the theme condition reframes the task as a wild-west shooting game: where villainous looking characters appear in the door of a saloon (Go stimuli) and are interspersed with innocent civilians (NoGo stimuli). Reaction times and commission errors will be recorded. After the task there is a short questionnaire assessing enjoyment and engagement.

This study aims to investigate facial affect recognition in young adult males with and without self-reported history of head injury. It will investigate how this relates to aggression, self-reported delinquency and aggressive behaviour. We aim to recruit participants through an online platform, and separate them into injury groups (those with substantial injury and those without) based on their given histories. We will also manipulate stimulus presentation time within these groups (between-subjects) to see whether this influences emotion recognition ability and whether this interacts with history of head injury. The primary dependent variable will be overall performance on a facial affect recognition task.

Extant research suggests that irrational and rational beliefs may play an important role in both substance and behavioural addictions. However, the influence of irrational and rational beliefs pertaining exercise addiction has yet to be investigated. Rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) is a cognitive-behavioural approach that provides a theoretical framework to identify and change irrational beliefs through cognitive restructuring and endorsing rational beliefs. The principal aim of the current study is to examine the effectiveness of a one-to-one REBT programme in decreasing irrational beliefs and exercise addiction symptoms, and increasing unconditional self-acceptance, in three male exercisers. The exercisers present high symptoms of exercise addiction, and high irrational beliefs. A single-case, staggered multiple-baseline across participant A-B design is used in the current study to examine the effects of a six-week REBT program comprising six 45-minute one-to-one counselling sessions and 5 homework assignments. Visual and statistical analyses, and social validation data indicate strong reductions in low-frustration tolerance, composite irrational beliefs, and exercise addiction from pre- to intervention phase. In addition, all participants report increased unconditional self-acceptance. This is the first study to report the effects of REBT in an exercise population, and the first to demonstrate that exercise addiction symptoms can be attenuated using REBT. This study supports literature suggesting that irrational and rational beliefs are an important mechanism in exercise addiction and provides important implications for the development of its treatment.

Background and Aims: The shape of glassware may exacerbate or counteract biases in perceived volume, which may lead people to misjudge the pouring of alcoholic drinks. The aim of these studies was to investigate the effect of glass shape on the pouring accuracy of liquid volume. Methods: In Study 1, using an online computerised task, participants (n = 211) were asked to pour liquid in glasses in a within-subjects design with factors of glass shape (straight, curved) and requested percentage fullness (10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90%). Curve estimations were carried out to determine if errors followed a linear or non-linear relationship. In Study 2, participants (n = 96) were asked to pour water to the midpoint of pint glasses in a within-subjects design with one factor of glass shape (straight, curved, tulip, inverted). Differences between poured amounts were analysed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results: In Study 1, participants under-poured in curved glasses compared to straight glasses at all requested amounts. In Study 2, participants under-poured in curved (p < 0.001, dz = 1.51) and tulip (p < 0.001, dz = 0.59) glasses compared to straight glasses. Findings were inconclusive as to whether or not a difference was present between pourings in inverted and straight glasses. Participants displayed a tendency to under-pour in all glasses relative to requested amounts in both studies.Conclusions: The shape of glassware appears to influence the pouring accuracy of liquid. Pouring in tulip and curved glasses was more inaccurate compared to straight glasses, possibly due to the height of liquid within the glass and volume changing in a non-linear relationship. Glassware that promotes more accurate pouring may lead to slower alcohol consumption.

High trait anxiety has been associated with detriments in emotional face processing. By contrast, relatively little is known about the effects of state anxiety on emotional face processing. We investigated the effects of state anxiety on recognition of emotional expressions (anger, sadness, surprise, disgust, fear and happiness) experimentally, using the 7.5% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) model to induce state anxiety, and in a large observational study. The experimental studies indicated reduced global (rather than emotion-specific) emotion recognition accuracy and increased interpretation bias (a tendency to perceive anger over happiness) when state anxiety was heightened. The observational study confirmed that higher state anxiety is associated with poorer emotion recognition, and indicated that negative effects of trait anxiety are negated when controlling for state anxiety, suggesting a mediating effect of state anxiety. These findings may have implications for anxiety disorders, which are characterized by increased frequency, intensity or duration of state anxious episodes.

Post-hoc paired-sample t-test results of hit data from studies one and two