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The refinement of soft skills is essential to the success of athletic training students. Yet, more work is needed to identify desirable educational techniques to support the progression of soft skills in athletic training education. The current study identified professional athletic training students' (10 students; 21.2 ± 2.1 years) perceptions of the five-part creative medical investigation (CMI) and described how the CMI could contribute to clinical reasoning, collaboration, and reflection, along with integrating soft skills with hard skills. The consensual qualitative research (CQR) approach utilized semi-structured interviews after the five CMI parts. Three qualitative researchers conducted CQR analysis after all interviews were complete. The researchers independently coded the interview transcripts and met to triangulate common themes; member checks were conducted to validate the findings. A 10-month follow-up survey evaluated the long-term effects of the CMI on selected subdomains of clinical reasoning. Five themes were identified from the consensual qualitative analysis. This CMI (1) Facilitated clinical reasoning, (2) Encouraged collaboration and reflection, (3) Promoted soft and hard skill integration, (4) Improved student confidence, (5) Enjoyed by the students. The follow-up survey indicated that students agreed (4.1-4.5 out of 5) this CMI leads to improvement in clinical reasoning subdomains. The current CMI facilitated desirable soft skills and integrated soft skills with hard skills through an enjoyable experience. Thus, the CMI might be a desirable educational technique with long-term implications to support the progression of soft skills in health care education.

Community engagement provides kinesiology undergraduate students with valuable experience and allows for personal and professional growth. Kinesiology students often seek out opportunities that pertain to their future career goals. As many of them aspire to allied health professions, working with special populations is of interest, including individuals with movement impairments. As a result of their knowledge of movement and physical activity, kinesiology students are uniquely qualified to quantify and prevent adverse events due to movement impairment, including falls. The purpose of this article is to overview undergraduate students' involvement in a community-based fall risk assessment and prevention clinic through the lens of experiential learning theory. Collectively, this type of program has the potential to enhance the undergraduates' educational experience and preparation for their future careers while also enriching the community with fall prevention resources.

Introduction: Locomotor adaptation is a motor learning process used to alter spatiotemporal elements of walking that are driven by prediction errors, a discrepancy between the expected and actual outcomes of our actions. Sensory and reward prediction errors are two different types of prediction errors that can facilitate locomotor adaptation. Reward and punishment feedback generate reward prediction errors but have demonstrated mixed effects on upper extremity motor learning, with punishment enhancing adaptation, and reward supporting motor memory. However, an in-depth behavioral analysis of these distinct forms of feedback is sparse in locomotor tasks. Methods: For this study, three groups of healthy young adults were divided into distinct feedback groups [Supervised, Reward, Punishment] and performed a novel locomotor adaptation task where each participant adapted their knee flexion to 30 degrees greater than baseline, guided by visual supervised or reinforcement feedback (Adaptation). Participants were then asked to recall the new walking pattern without feedback (Retention) and after a washout period with feedback restored (Savings). Results: We found that all groups learned the adaptation task with external feedback. However, contrary to our initial hypothesis, enhancing sensory feedback with a visual representation of the knee angle (Supervised) accelerated the rate of learning and short-term retention in comparison to monetary reinforcement feedback. Reward and Punishment displayed similar rates of adaptation, shortterm retention, and savings, suggesting both types of reinforcement feedback work similarly in locomotor adaptation. Moreover, all feedback enhanced the aftereffect of locomotor task indicating changes to implicit learning. Discussion: These results demonstrate the multi-faceted nature of reinforcement feedback on locomotor adaptation and demonstrate the possible different neural substrates that underly reward and sensory prediction errors during different motor tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prey animals use the information that they extract from predator cues to assess risk. Animals can obtain information about the relative size of predators and their dietary constituents from odor cues that predators deposit in the environment. However, it is currently unknown how prey animals respond when presented with two or more pieces of information about a predator. Rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852)) were exposed to odors from predatory largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede, 1802)) that were fed four different diets and also varied in size relative to the crayfish subjects. A series of analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that rusty crayfish altered their macrophyte consumption, foraging behavior, and shelter-use behavior depending on the relative size and dietary information presented by the largemouth bass. This study demonstrates that prey consider and respond to multiple aspects of a predatory threat when making resource-use decisions. Key words: rusty crayfish, Faxonius rusticus, largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, relative size ratio, dietary cues, risk assessment. Les animaux proies utilisent l'information qu'ils extraient de signaux de predateurs pour evaluer le risque. Les animaux peuvent obtenir de l'information concernant la taille relative de predateurs et les composantes du regime alimentaire de ces derniers a partir de signaux olfactifs que les predateurs laissent dans le milieu. La reaction des proies en presence de deux elements d'information ou plus sur un predateur n'est toutefois pas connue. Des ecrevisses a taches rouges (Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852)) ont ete exposees a des odeurs de predateurs, des achigans a grande bouche (Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede, 1802)), nourris de quatre types d'aliments differents et dont la taille relative par rapport a celles des ecrevisses etudiees variait egalement. Une serie d'analyses de covariance (ANCOVA) indique que les ecrevisses a taches rouges modifiaient leur consom-mation de macrophytes, leur comportement d'approvisionnement et leur utilisation d'abris selon la taille relative des achigans a grande bouche et l'information qu'ils presentaient sur leur regime alimentaire. L'etude demontre que les proies tiennent compte de differents aspects d'une menace de predation dans leur prise de decisions concernant l'utilisation de ressources. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: ecrevisse a taches rouges, Faxonius rusticus, achigan a grande bouche, Micropterus salmoides, rapport des tailles, signaux relatifs au regime alimentaire, evaluation du risque., Introduction The nonlethal effects of predators on prey can alter behavior that can cascade to lower trophic levels. These trophic cascades can be important in structuring ecological communities (Abrams 1995; [...]

Information on crayfish–habitat relationships in agricultural headwater streams in the midwestern United States is limited and needed for the development of conservation strategies for crayfishes in these streams. In this research we asked: which physical, chemical, and biological variables are the best predictors of crayfish assemblage structure in agricultural headwater streams? We sampled crayfishes, fishes, and mussels and obtained watershed, climatic, riparian habitat, instream habitat, and water chemistry data from 17 agricultural headwater stream sites in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, USA, in 2014 and 2015. Mixed-effects model analyses, Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample size tests, average model coefficients, and variable importance values indicated that mean water velocity, % darters, predator fish length, watershed size, total precipitation, riparian width, and riparian woody vegetation density were the best predictors of crayfish assemblage structure. Our results suggest that conservation and restoration strategies that improve instream habitat, biotic, and riparian habitat variables will benefit native crayfishes in agricultural headwater streams in the midwestern United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esports' increasing popularity has led to esport athletes receiving similar healthcare to traditional athletes. Thus, this study aims to identify how athletic trainers have been integrated into the esports healthcare team and identify the attitudes of athletic trainers toward esports through a novel online survey. Of the 151 responses received, 13 reported experiences with esports, and they identified common injuries and explained how their skills were utilized; 138 reported no experience with esports and were divided based on positive, neutral, or negative sentiment. More information should be disseminated to athletic trainers on the uniqueness of esport activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Athletic trainers (ATs) are employed in various settings, which may use 1 of 3 organizational infrastructure models: (1) the sport/athletic model, (2) the medical model, and (3) the academic model. These different settings and organizational infrastructure models may result in varying levels of organizational-professional conflict (OPC). However, how OPC may differ across infrastructure models and practice settings is not known. To examine the prevalence of OPC among ATs in various organizational infrastructures and explore ATs' perceptions of OPC, including its precipitating and mitigating factors. Sequential explanatory mixed-methods study with equal emphasis on quantitative and qualitative components. Collegiate and secondary school institutions. Five hundred ninety-four ATs from collegiate and secondary schools. We conducted a national cross-sectional survey using a validated scale to assess OPC. We then followed the quantitative survey with individual interviews. Trustworthiness was established with multiple-analyst triangulation and peer debriefing. Athletic trainers experienced low to moderate degrees of OPC with no differences across practice settings or infrastructure models. Poor communication, others' unfamiliarity with the AT's scope of practice, and lack of medical knowledge were precipitating factors for OPC. Organizational relationships founded on trust and respect for one another; administrative support in that ATs were listened to, decisions were endorsed, and appropriate resources provided; and autonomy given to the AT were key components to preventing OPC. Most ATs experienced primarily low to moderate OPC. However, OPC continues to permeate professional practice to some extent in collegiate and secondary school settings, regardless of the infrastructure model used. The findings of this study highlight the role of administrative support that allows for autonomous AT practice as well as effective communication that is direct, open, and professional to decrease OPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to predict the post-pubertal mandibular length and Y axis of growth in males by using various machine learning (ML) techniques. Cephalometric data obtained from 163 males with Class I Angle malocclusion, were used to train various ML algorithms. Analysis of variances (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences between predicted and actual measurements among methods and between time points. All the algorithms revealed an accuracy range from 95.80% to 97.64% while predicting post-pubertal mandibular length. When predicting the Y axis of growth, accuracies ranged from 96.60% to 98.34%. There was no significant interaction between methods and time points used for predicting the mandibular length (p = 0.235) and Y axis of growth (p = 0.549). All tested ML algorithms accurately predicted the post-pubertal mandibular length and Y axis of growth. The best predictors for the mandibular length were mandibular and maxillary lengths, and lower face height, while they were Y axis of growth, lower face height, and mandibular plane angle for the post-pubertal Y axis of growth. No significant difference was found among the accuracies of the techniques, except the least squares method had a significantly larger error than all others in predicting the Y axis of growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The convergence of Digital Twin technologies with precision health, the pharmaceutical industry, and life sciences has garnered substantial recent attention. As we advance toward personalized medicine and precision health, the fusion of Digital Twin and blockchain technologies is poised to enhance healthcare outcomes fundamentally. This conference discussion highlighted pivotal drivers accelerating the adoption of Digital Twin-enabled blockchain solutions, encompassing the shift to a decentralized World Wide Web (Web 3.0), the establishment of a global interconnected health ecosystem, and the distinct advantages offered by converging frontier technologies in optimizing healthcare, pharmaceutical industry, and life sciences. Yet, the effective deployment of blockchain-powered Digital Twins in precision health necessitates robust cyber safety measures, proactive ethical frameworks, data validation, provenance assurance, streamlined supply chain management, and heightened interoperability. These proceedings underscored blockchain-powered Digital Twins' pivotal role in reshaping health data management, security, sharing, ownership, and monetization and in revolutionizing pharmaceutical supply chain management and novel drugs and therapeutics development within the precision health domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Elevated depressive symptoms are associated with impairments, reduced quality of life, and societal economic burden. A well-established stress-vulnerability model explaining depressive symptoms is Beck's cognitive theory (Beck, 1976). An independent line of research demonstrated that a person's perception of their status in comparison with others' (subjective social status, SSS) is a stressor associated with depressive symptoms. Aims: Theory-driven research investigating the interplay of different factors associated with depressive symptoms opens the door to improve the lives of the affected individuals and to reduce the overall societal burden. This study's aim was to examine if SSS can be integrated as a stressor into Beck's theory, looking specifically at whether it impacts depressive symptoms through the individual components (self, world and future) of the cognitive triad. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 243 community college students (58.6% female; mean age 23.95 years) in the southern United States completed self-reports measuring SSS, negative views of the self, world and future, and depressive symptoms. Results: SSS is negatively associated with each view of the cognitive triad. SSS and views of the self and world are negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses displayed a significant direct effect between SSS and depressive symptoms, as well as two indirect effects via negative view of self and world. Conclusions: While further research is needed, therapists might benefit from our findings when tailoring their treatment to a client by considering their SSS and which negative view is particularly detrimental for this specific client. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]