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5,468 results on '"Wood, E"'

1. Nuclear charge radius of $^{26m}$Al and its implication for V$_{ud}$ in the quark-mixing matrix

Author

Plattner, P., Wood, E., Ayoubi, L. Al, Beliuskina, O., Bissell, M. L., Blaum, K., Campbell, P., Cheal, B., de Groote, R. P., Devlin, C. S., Eronen, T., Filippin, L., Ruíz, R. F. García, Ge, Z., Geldhof, S., Gins, W., Godefroid, M., Heylen, H., Hukkanen, M., Imgram, P., Jaries, A., Jokinen, A., Kanellakopoulos, A., Kankainen, A., Kaufmann, S., König, K., Koszorús, Á., Kujanpää, S., Lechner, S., Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S., Müller, P., Mathieson, R., Moore, I., Nörtershäuser, W., Nesterenko, D., Neugart, R., Neyens, G., Ortiz-Cortes, A., Penttilä, H., Pohjalainen, I., Raggio, A., Reponen, M., Rinta-Antila, S., Rodríguez, L. V., Romero, J., Sánchez, R., Sommer, F., Stryjczyk, M., Virtanen, V., Xie, L., Xu, Z. Y., Yang, X. F., and Yordanov, D. T.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Collinear laser spectroscopy was performed on the isomer of the aluminium isotope $^{26m}$Al. The measured isotope shift to $^{27}$Al in the $3s^{2}3p\;^{2}\!P^\circ_{3/2} \rightarrow 3s^{2}4s\;^{2}\!S_{1/2}$ atomic transition enabled the first experimental determination of the nuclear charge radius of $^{26m}$Al, resulting in $R_c$=\qty{3.130\pm.015}{\femto\meter}. This differs by 4.5 standard deviations from the extrapolated value used to calculate the isospin-symmetry breaking corrections in the superallowed $\beta$ decay of $^{26m}$Al. Its corrected $\mathcal{F}t$ value, important for the estimation of $V_{ud}$ in the CKM matrix, is thus shifted by one standard deviation to \qty{3071.4\pm1.0}{\second}., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2023
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3. A cluster randomised, 16-week, parallel-group multicentre trial to compare the effectiveness of a digital school-based cognitive behavioural resilience/wellbeing-building intervention targeting emotional and behavioural problems in vulnerable Year 4 primary school children in whole classes, to the usual school curriculum: a study protocol to the “CUES for Schools” trial

Author

Jolley, S., Lord, J., Plant, D., Wood, E., Bracegirdle, K., Browning, S., Carter, B., and James, K.

Published
2023
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4. Microbial adaptation to antibiotic treatment, both in the lab and the clinic

Author

Wood, E., Beardmore, R., and Gudelj, I.

Subjects
Antibiotic resistance, Antibiotics, Bacterial death, Microbial evolution, Nanopore, Clinical pathogens
Abstract

Despite the use of antibiotics in modern medicine for nearly a century, there is still much to learn about how bacteria respond and adapt to these commonly used drugs. Furthermore, antibiotic treatments in patients can span weeks or even months, therefore it is crucial to understand how pathogens evolve to antibiotics within the human body over time. This thesis comprises two parts, with the first exploring the impact that antibiotics have on bacterial growth and viability during nutrient starvation through experimental evolution and the second investigating the genomes of multidrug-resistant pathogens acquired from patients suffering with chronic infection. Initially in chapter two we demonstrate how ribosome-targeting antibiotics such as doxycycline and erythromycin can actually be beneficial for Escherichia coli, both through the stimulation of growth and improved long-term viability in an environment starved of nutrients. This is not true for all antibiotics though, as antibiotics with alternative cellular targets (rifampicin and penicillin) do not confer the same benefits. Given that antibiotics are primarily associated with negative impacts on bacterial growth, this is a surprising finding and we sought to identify the mechanism. Whole genome sequencing was performed on doxycycline-exposed populations of E.coli as they went through starvation, as well as the use of a GFP-tagged promoter library to study short-term metabolic changes occurring as nutrients are depleted. Following this, we demonstrate the influence that ribosome production has on long-term viability through the use of E.coli rrn knockout strains. Through doing so, we show that interference with ribosome functioning can improve long-term viability in nutrient starved environments, mirroring the effects of ribosome-targeting antibiotics. Chapter four is dedicated to understanding the effects of genomic background on doxycycline-induced benefits in E.coli. Through the use of the keio library, over 2,500 individual growth curves were generated, consisting of growth data in both the presence and absence of doxycycline. Principle component analysis was subsequently carried out, and groups of strains associated with particular phenotypes were assigned into functional categories. Through doing so we uncover some unexpected phenotypes, for example E.coli knockout strains that are only able to grow in media containing doxycycline. Finally, chapters five and six explore the genomes of pathogenic bacteria during long-term antibiotic treatment. Bacteria evolve resistance towards antibiotics within laboratory experiments in a matter of days, but how do pathogens adapt to repeated antibiotic treatment within the human body? Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli isolates spanning 18 and 26 months respectively were acquired from two different patients and characterised through the use of nanopore sequencing and phenotypic studies. Nanopore sequencing allowed the resistomes of these pathogens to be elucidated, as well as genomic variations and structural changes. Whilst the K.pneumoniae isolates were found to be clonal, thereby allowing genomic changes to be tracked over time, the E.coli isolates were found to belong to different clonal groups. Comparative genomics was therefore carried out on these isolates to assess the genomic variability between isolates and determine the genetic basis for antibiotic resistance. In summary, this thesis describes a novel, beneficial effect of ribosome-targeting antibiotics on long-term bacterial viability. Whilst an antibiotic may be effective in the short-term, over long periods it may actually stimulate bacterial growth. This has implications not only on the clinical use of antibiotics, but also on our understanding of natural antibiotic production in the environment. Additionally, this thesis builds upon our knowledge of within-host evolution of pathogens and demonstrates the ability of nanopore sequencing to elucidate resistomes. Alongside phenotypic data, genomics can be a powerful tool in determining the antimicrobial resistance profile of pathogens, particularly in complex clinical cases such as those presented here.

Published
2021

7. Learning to Stabilize Faces

Author

Bednarik, J., primary, Wood, E., additional, Choutas, V., additional, Bolkart, T., additional, Wang, D., additional, Wu, C., additional, and Beeler, T., additional

Published
2024
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9. Reduced pre-attentive threat versus nonthreat signal discrimination in clinically healthy military personnel with recurrent combat exposure history: A preliminary event-related potential (ERP) study

Author

Lawrence, AJ, Lawrence-Wood, E, Aidman, EV, Spencer-Merris, PL, Felmingham, KL, McFarlane, AC, Lawrence, AJ, Lawrence-Wood, E, Aidman, EV, Spencer-Merris, PL, Felmingham, KL, and McFarlane, AC

Abstract

Evidence now suggests that traumatic-stress impacts brain functions even in the absence of acute-onset post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. These neurophysiological changes have also been suggested to account for increased risks of PTSD symptoms later developing in the aftermath of subsequent trauma. However, surprisingly few studies have explicitly examined brain function dynamics in high-risk populations, such as combat exposed military personnel without diagnosable PTSD. To extend available research, facial expression sensitive N170 event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes were examined in a clinically healthy sample of active service military personnel with recurrent combat exposure history. Consistent with several established theories of delayed-onset PTSD vulnerability, higher N170 amplitudes to backward-masked fearful and neutral facial expressions correlated with higher levels of past combat exposure. Significantly elevated amplitudes to nonthreatening neutral facial expressions also resulted in an absence of normal threat-versus-nonthreat signal processing specificity. While a modest sample size and cross-sectional design are key limitations here, ongoing prospective-longitudinal follow-ups may shed further light on the precise aetiology and prognostic utility of these preliminary findings in the near future.

Published
2024

10. Australians with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia continue to have high rates of second primary malignancies in the modern era

Author

Baggio, D, Chung, E, Wellard, C, Waters, N, Cushion, T, Chong, G, Cochrane, T, Cull, G, Giri, P, Hamad, N, Johnston, A, Lee, D, Murali, A, Morgan, S, Mulligan, S, Talaulikar, D, Ratnasingam, S, Wood, E, Hawkes, E, Opat, S, Baggio, D, Chung, E, Wellard, C, Waters, N, Cushion, T, Chong, G, Cochrane, T, Cull, G, Giri, P, Hamad, N, Johnston, A, Lee, D, Murali, A, Morgan, S, Mulligan, S, Talaulikar, D, Ratnasingam, S, Wood, E, Hawkes, E, and Opat, S

Abstract

Population-based studies have demonstrated a high risk of second cancers, especially of the skin, among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). We describe age-standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) of second primary malignancies (SPM) in Australian patients with relapsed/refractory CLL treated with at least two lines of therapy, including ibrutinib. From December 2014 to November 2017, 156 patients were identified from 13 sites enrolled in the Australasian Lymphoma and Related Diseases Registry, and 111 had follow-up data on rates of SPM. At 38.4 months from ibrutinib therapy commencement, 25% experienced any SPM. SIR for melanoma and all cancers (excluding nonmelanomatous skin cancers) were 15.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.0-35.3) and 4.6 (95% CI: 3.1-6.9) respectively. These data highlight the importance of primary preventive interventions and surveillance, particularly as survival from CLL continues to improve.

Published
2024

12. The effectiveness of compulsory drug treatment: A systematic review

Author

Werb, D, Kamarulzaman, A, Meacham, MC, Rafful, C, Fischer, B, Strathdee, SA, and Wood, E

Subjects
Policy and Administration, Public Health, Health Sciences, Human Society, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Substance Misuse, Good Health and Well Being, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Humans, Mandatory Programs, Program Evaluation, Substance-Related Disorders, Treatment Outcome, Compulsory treatment, Addiction, Systematic review, Global, Policy, Medical and Health Sciences, Studies in Human Society, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Substance Abuse, Public health, Policy and administration
Abstract

BackgroundDespite widespread implementation of compulsory treatment modalities for drug dependence, there has been no systematic evaluation of the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of compulsory drug treatment.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies assessing the outcomes of compulsory treatment. We conducted a search in duplicate of all relevant peer-reviewed scientific literature evaluating compulsory treatment modalities. The following academic databases were searched: PubMed, PAIS International, Proquest, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Soc Abstracts, JSTOR, EBSCO/Academic Search Complete, REDALYC, SciELO Brazil. We also searched the Internet, and article reference lists, from database inception to July 15th, 2015. Eligibility criteria are as follows: peer-reviewed scientific studies presenting original data. Primary outcome of interest was post-treatment drug use. Secondary outcome of interest was post-treatment criminal recidivism.ResultsOf an initial 430 potential studies identified, nine quantitative studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies evaluated compulsory treatment options including drug detention facilities, short (i.e., 21-day) and long-term (i.e., 6 months) inpatient treatment, community-based treatment, group-based outpatient treatment, and prison-based treatment. Three studies (33%) reported no significant impacts of compulsory treatment compared with control interventions. Two studies (22%) found equivocal results but did not compare against a control condition. Two studies (22%) observed negative impacts of compulsory treatment on criminal recidivism. Two studies (22%) observed positive impacts of compulsory inpatient treatment on criminal recidivism and drug use.ConclusionThere is limited scientific literature evaluating compulsory drug treatment. Evidence does not, on the whole, suggest improved outcomes related to compulsory treatment approaches, with some studies suggesting potential harms. Given the potential for human rights abuses within compulsory treatment settings, non-compulsory treatment modalities should be prioritized by policymakers seeking to reduce drug-related harms.

Published
2016

13. Greater Pain Severity is Associated with Inability to Access Addiction Treatment Among a Cohort of People Who Use Drugs

Author

Voon P, Wang L, Nosova E, Hayashi K, Milloy MJ, Wood E, and Kerr T

Subjects
pain, addiction, substance use, health services, opioid agonist treatment, methadone, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Pauline Voon,1,2 Linwei Wang,3,4 Ekaterina Nosova,1 Kanna Hayashi,1,5 Michael John Milloy,1,6 Evan Wood,1,6 Thomas Kerr1,6 1British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada; 2School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; 3British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; 4Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St Michael’s Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; 5Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; 6Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, CanadaCorrespondence: Thomas KerrDepartment of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 400-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, CanadaTel +1 778 945-7616Fax +1 604 428-5183Email bccsu-tk@bccsu.ubc.caAim: Given that co-occurring pain is prevalent among people who use drugs (PWUD), we sought to explore the effect of pain severity on accessing addiction treatment.Methods: Data were derived from two prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver, Canada from June 2014 to May 2016. Multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects multiple regression (GLMM) analyses were used to investigate the association between average pain severity and self-reported inability to access addiction treatment.Results: Among 1348 PWUD, 136 (10.1%) reported being unable to access addiction treatment at least once over the study period. Individuals who reported being unable to access addiction treatment had a significantly higher median average pain severity score (median=5, IQR=0– 7) compared to individuals reporting no inability to access addiction treatment (median=3, IQR=0– 6, p=0.038). Greater pain severity was independently associated with higher odds of reporting inability to access addiction treatment (AOR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.08– 2.82 for mild-moderate vs no pain; AOR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.27– 3.09 for moderate-severe vs no pain).Conclusion: PWUD with greater pain severity may be at higher risk of being unable to access addiction treatment, or vice versa. While further research is needed to confirm causal associations, these data suggest that there may be underlying pathways or mechanisms through which pain may be associated with access to addiction treatment for PWUD.Keywords: pain, addiction, substance use, health services, opioid agonist treatment, methadone

Published
2020

14. A study of cell size homeostasis and variability in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Author

Wood, E.

Subjects
570
Abstract

Proliferating cells maintain a near-constant cell size at division within a given population, suggesting the existence of control mechanisms that buffer cell size perturbations. Wild type cells of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe divide within a narrow range of cell sizes around a mean of 14 µm. A proposed model for size sensing in fission yeast involves polar gradients of the kinase Pom1 inhibiting Cdr1/2 at medial cortical nodes until cells surpass a size threshold. This model has been further investigated using size homeostasis analyses on single cells growing in a microfluidic chamber. The results demonstrate that Pom1 is not essential for cells to maintain size homeostasis and as such cannot be the only major player in the size sensing mechanism in fission yeast. This single-cell method has been further exploited to investigate the roles of other known cell cycle regulators in maintaining size homeostasis. The investigation has included cells with a Cdc2-L-Cdc13 fusion protein, which is able to drive the cell cycle in the absence of much of the canonical regulation. In order to elucidate new components responsible for the control of cell size homeostasis, a previous screen of 82% of non-essential genes was used to identify genes which when deleted increase size variability at division. Until now only a few mutations have been described that increase variability in size at division, and these have been shown to directly affect the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2. A follow up of the primary hits from this screen identified 15 genes which when deleted lead to greater variability in size at division. Further size homeostasis analysis on single cells identified two genes that when deleted decrease the ability of cells to sense and/or adequately correct for size deviations.

Published
2015

16. Characterization of particulate matter emissions from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Author

Dallmann, T. R, Onasch, T. B, Kirchstetter, T. W, Worton, D. R, Fortner, E. C, Herndon, S. C, Wood, E. C, Franklin, J. P, Worsnop, D. R, Goldstein, A. H, and Harley, R. A

Subjects
BRII recipient: Harley
Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) emissions were measured in July 2010 from on-road motor vehicles driving through a highway tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area. A soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was used to measure the chemical composition of PM emitted by gasoline and diesel vehicles at high time resolution. Organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured during various time periods that had different levels of diesel influence, as well as directly in the exhaust plumes of individual heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks. BC emission factor distributions for HD trucks were more skewed than OA distributions (N = 293), with the highest 10% of trucks accounting for 56 and 42% of total measured BC and OA emissions, respectively. OA mass spectra measured for HD truck exhaust plumes show cycloalkanes are predominate in exhaust OA emissions relative to saturated alkanes (i.e., normal and iso-paraffins), suggesting that lubricating oil rather than fuel is the dominant source of primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions in diesel vehicle exhaust. This finding is supported by the detection of trace elements such as zinc and phosphorus in the exhaust plumes of individual trucks. Trace elements were emitted relative to total OA at levels that are consistent with typical weight fractions of commonly used additives present in lubricating oil. A comparison of measured OA and BC mass spectra across various sampling periods revealed a high degree of similarity in OA and BC emitted by gasoline and diesel engines. This finding indicates a large fraction of OA in gasoline exhaust is lubricant-derived as well. The similarity in OA and BC mass spectra for gasoline and diesel engine exhaust is likely to confound ambient source apportionment efforts to determine contributions to air pollution from these two important sources.

Published
2014

17. Nuclear Charge Radius of Al26m and Its Implication for Vud in the Quark Mixing Matrix

Author

Plattner, P., primary, Wood, E., additional, Al Ayoubi, L., additional, Beliuskina, O., additional, Bissell, M. L., additional, Blaum, K., additional, Campbell, P., additional, Cheal, B., additional, de Groote, R. P., additional, Devlin, C. S., additional, Eronen, T., additional, Filippin, L., additional, Garcia Ruiz, R. F., additional, Ge, Z., additional, Geldhof, S., additional, Gins, W., additional, Godefroid, M., additional, Heylen, H., additional, Hukkanen, M., additional, Imgram, P., additional, Jaries, A., additional, Jokinen, A., additional, Kanellakopoulos, A., additional, Kankainen, A., additional, Kaufmann, S., additional, König, K., additional, Koszorús, Á., additional, Kujanpää, S., additional, Lechner, S., additional, Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S., additional, Müller, P., additional, Mathieson, R., additional, Moore, I., additional, Nörtershäuser, W., additional, Nesterenko, D., additional, Neugart, R., additional, Neyens, G., additional, Ortiz-Cortes, A., additional, Penttilä, H., additional, Pohjalainen, I., additional, Raggio, A., additional, Reponen, M., additional, Rinta-Antila, S., additional, Rodríguez, L. V., additional, Romero, J., additional, Sánchez, R., additional, Sommer, F., additional, Stryjczyk, M., additional, Virtanen, V., additional, Xie, L., additional, Xu, Z. Y., additional, Yang, X. F., additional, and Yordanov, D. T., additional

Published
2023
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19. Large-scale wind structures in OB supergiants: a search for rotationally modulated H\alpha variability

Author

Morel, T., Marchenko, S. V., Pati, A. K., Kuppuswamy, K., Carini, M. T., Wood, E., and Zimmerman, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the results of a long-term monitoring campaign of the H\alpha line in a sample of bright OB-supergiants (O7.5-B9) that aims at detecting rotationally modulated changes potentially related to the existence of large-scale wind structures. A total of 22 objects were monitor ed during 36 nights spread over 6 months in 2001-2002. Coordinated broad-band photometric observations were also obtained for some targets. Conspicuous evidence for variability in H\alpha is found for the stars displaying a feature contaminated by wind emission. Most changes take place on a daily time-scale, although hourly variations are also occasionally detected. Convincing evidence for a cyclical pattern of variability in H\alpha has been found in 2 stars: HD 14134 and HD 42087 (periodic signals are also detected in other stars, but independent confirmation is required). Rotational modulation is suggested from the similarity between the observed recurrence time-scales (in the range 13-25 days) and estimated periods of stellar rotation. We call attention to the atypical case of HD 14134 which exhibits a clear 12.8-d periodicity both in the photometric and in the spectroscopic data sets. This places this object among a handful of early-type stars where one may observe a clear link between extended wind structures and photospheric disturbances. Further modelling may test the hypothesis that azimuthally-extended wind streams are responsible for the patterns of spectral variability in our target stars., Comment: 18 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2004
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20. What determines cell size?

Author

Marshall, Wallace, Marshall, WF, Young, KD, Swaffer, M, Wood, E, Nurse, P, Kimura, A, Frankel, J, Wallingford, J, Walbot, V, and Qu, X

Published
2012

24. Endothelin receptor antagonist improves donor lung function in an ex vivo perfusion system

Author

Walweel, K., Skeggs, K., Boon, A. C., See Hoe, L. E., Bouquet, M., Obonyo, N. G., Pedersen, S. E., Diab, S. D., Passmore, M. R., Hyslop, K., Wood, E. S., Reid, J., Colombo, S. M., Bartnikowski, N. J., Wells, M. A., Black, D., Pimenta, L. P., Stevenson, A. K., Bisht, K., Marshall, L., Prabhu, D. A., James, L., Platts, D. G., Macdonald, P. S., McGiffin, D. C., Suen, J. Y., and Fraser, J. F.

Published
2020
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27. Early short course of neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with COVID-19 ARDS: a propensity score analysis

Author

Li Bassi, G, Gibbons, K, Suen, J, Dalton, H, White, N, Corley, A, Shrapnel, S, Hinton, S, Forsyth, S, Laffey, J, Fan, E, Fanning, J, Panigada, M, Bartlett, R, Brodie, D, Burrell, A, Chiumello, D, Elhazmi, A, Esperatti, M, Grasselli, G, Hodgson, C, Ichiba, S, Luna, C, Marwali, E, Merson, L, Murthy, S, Nichol, A, Ogino, M, Pelosi, P, Torres, A, Ng, P, Fraser, J, Al-Dabbous, T, Alfoudri, H, Shamsah, M, Elapavaluru, S, Berg, A, Horn, C, Mayasi, Y, Schroll, S, Meyer, D, Velazco, J, Ploskanych, L, Fikes, W, Bagewadi, R, Dao, M, White, H, Ehlers, A, Shalabi-McGuire, M, Witt, T, Grazioli, L, Lorini, L, Grandin, E, Nunez, J, Reyes, T, Obriain, D, Hunter, S, Ramanan, M, Affleck, J, Veerendra, H, Rai, S, Russell-Brown, J, Nourse, M, Joseph, M, Mitchell, B, Tenzer, M, Abe, R, Cho, H, Jeong, I, Rahman, N, Kakar, V, Brozzi, N, Mehkri, O, Krishnan, S, Duggal, A, Houltham, S, Graf, J, Diaz, R, Orrego, R, Delgado, C, Gonzalez, J, Sanchez, M, Piagnerelli, M, Sarrazin, J, Zabert, A, Espinosa, L, Delgado, P, Delgado, V, Rincon, D, Yanten, A, Duque, M, Al-Hudaib, A, Callahan, M, Taufik, M, Wardoyo, E, Gunawan, M, Trisnaningrum, N, Irawany, V, Rayhan, M, Pesenti, A, Zanella, A, Leone, M, Coppola, S, Colombo, S, Antonelli, M, Carelli, S, Grieco, D, Asaki, M, Hoshino, K, Salazar, L, Duarte, L, Mcnicholas, B, Cosgrave, D, Mccaffrey, J, Bone, A, Hakeem, Y, Winearls, J, Tallott, M, Thomson, D, Arnold-Day, C, Cupido, J, Miller, M, Seymore, L, van Straaten, D, Hssain, A, Aliudin, J, Alqahtani, A, Mohamed, K, Mohamed, A, Tan, D, Villanueva, J, Zaqout, A, Kurtzman, E, Ademi, A, Dobrita, A, El Aoudi, K, Segura, J, Giwangkancana, G, Ohshimo, S, Hitoshi, S, Osatnik, J, Joosten, A, Yang, M, Motos, A, Arancibia, F, Williams, V, Noel, A, Luque, N, Trung, T, Yacoub, S, Fantini, M, Garcia, R, Alvarez, E, Greti, A, Ceccato, A, Sanchez, A, Vazquez, A, Roche-Campo, F, Franch-Llasat, D, Tuazon, D, Amato, M, Cassimiro, L, Pola, F, Ribeiro, F, Fonseca, G, Desai, M, Osborn, E, Deeb, H, Arcadipane, A, Martucci, G, Panarello, G, Vitiello, C, Bianco, C, Occhipinti, G, Rossetti, M, Cuffaro, R, Cho, S, Shimizu, H, Moriyama, N, Kim, J, Kitamura, N, Gebauer, J, Yokoyama, T, Al-Fares, A, Buabbas, S, Alamad, E, Alawadhi, F, Alawadi, K, Tanaka, H, Hashimoto, S, Yamazaki, M, Oh, T, Epler, M, Forney, C, Kruse, L, Feister, J, Williamson, J, Grobengieser, K, Gnall, E, Golden, S, Caroline, M, Shapiro, T, Karaj, C, Thome, L, Sher, L, Vanderland, M, Welch, M, Mcdermott, S, Brain, M, Mineall, S, Kimura, D, Brazzi, L, Sales, G, Ogston, T, Nagpal, D, Fischer, K, Lorusso, R, Rangappa, R, Appu, A, Carton, E, Sen, A, Palacios, A, Rainey, D, Samoukoviv, G, Campisi, J, Durham, L, Neumann, E, Seefeldt, C, Falcucci, O, Emmrich, A, Guy, J, Johns, C, Potzner, K, Zimmermann, C, Espinal, A, Buchtele, N, Schwameis, M, Stecher, S, Singh, D, Barnikel, M, Arenz, L, Zaaqoq, A, Galloway, L, Merley, C, Csete, M, Quesada, L, Saba, I, Kasugai, D, Hiraiwa, H, Tanaka, T, Purnama, Y, Dewayanti, S, Ardiyan, Juzar, D, Siagian, D, Chen, Y, Ratsep, I, Oigus, G, Erikson, K, Post, A, Enneveer, L, Sillaots, P, Manetta, F, Mihelis, E, Sarmiento, I, Narasimhan, M, Varrone, M, Komats, M, Garcia-Diaz, J, Harmon, C, Satyapriya, S, Bhatt, A, Mokadam, N, Uribe, A, Gonzalez, A, Shi, H, Mckeown, J, Pasek, J, Fiorda, J, Echeverria, M, Moreno, R, Zakhary, B, Cavana, M, Cucino, A, Foti, G, Giani, M, Russotto, V, Castagna, V, Dellamore, A, Navalesi, P, Shum, H, Vuysteke, A, Usman, A, Acker, A, Smood, B, Mergler, B, Sertic, F, Subramanian, M, Sperry, A, Rizer, N, Burhan, E, Rasmin, M, Akmal, E, Sitompul, F, Lolong, N, Naivedh, B, Erickson, S, Barrett, P, Dean, D, Daugherty, J, Loforte, A, Khan, I, Abraar Quraishi, M, Desantis, O, So, D, Kandamby, D, Mandei, J, Natanael, H, Yudhalantang, E, Lantang, A, Wijaya, S, Jung, A, Ng, G, Ng, W, Fang, S, Tabah, A, Ratcliffe, M, Duroux, M, Adachi, S, Nakao, S, Blanco, P, Prieto, A, Sanchez, J, Nicholson, M, Butt, W, Serratore, A, Delzoppo, C, Janin, P, Yarad, E, Totaro, R, Coles, J, Pujo, B, Balk, 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Y., Dalton H. J., White N., Corley A., Shrapnel S., Hinton S., Forsyth S., Laffey J. G., Fan E., Fanning J. P., Panigada M., Bartlett R., Brodie D., Burrell A., Chiumello D., Elhazmi A., Esperatti M., Grasselli G., Hodgson C., Ichiba S., Luna C., Marwali E., Merson L., Murthy S., Nichol A., Ogino M., Pelosi P., Torres A., Ng P. Y., Fraser J. F., Al-Dabbous T., Alfoudri H., Shamsah M., Elapavaluru S., Berg A., Horn C., Mayasi Y., Schroll S., Meyer D., Velazco J., Ploskanych L., Fikes W., Bagewadi R., Dao M., White H., Ehlers A., Shalabi-McGuire M., Witt T., Grazioli L., Lorini L., Grandin E. W., Nunez J., Reyes T., OBriain D., Hunter S., Ramanan M., Affleck J., Veerendra H. H., Rai S., Russell-Brown J., Nourse M., Joseph M., Mitchell B., Tenzer M., Abe R., Cho H. J., Jeong I. S., Rahman N., Kakar V., Brozzi N., Mehkri O., Krishnan S., Duggal A., Houltham S., Graf J., Diaz R., Orrego R., Delgado C., Gonzalez J., Sanchez M. S., Piagnerelli M., Sarrazin J. V., Zabert A. /P. G., Espinosa L., Delgado P., Delgado V., Rincon D. F. B., Yanten A. M. M., Duque M. B., Al-Hudaib A., Callahan M., Taufik M. A., Wardoyo E. Y., Gunawan M., Trisnaningrum N. S., Irawany V., Rayhan M., Pesenti A., Zanella A., Leone M., Coppola S., Colombo S., Antonelli M., Carelli S., Grieco D. L., Asaki M., Hoshino K., Salazar L., Duarte L., McNicholas B., Cosgrave D., McCaffrey J., Bone A., Hakeem Y., Winearls J., Tallott M., Thomson D., Arnold-Day C., Cupido J., Miller M., Seymore L., van Straaten D., Hssain A. A., Aliudin J., Alqahtani A. -R., Mohamed K., Mohamed A., Tan D., Villanueva J., Zaqout A., Kurtzman E., Ademi A., Dobrita A., El Aoudi K., Segura J., Giwangkancana G., Ohshimo S., Hitoshi S., Osatnik J., Joosten A., Yang M., Motos A., Arancibia F., Williams V., Noel A., Luque N., Trung T. H., Yacoub S., Fantini M., Garcia R. N. J., Alvarez E. C., Greti A., Ceccato A., Sanchez A., Vazquez A. L., Roche-Campo F., Franch-Llasat D., Tuazon D., Amato M., Cassimiro L., Pola F., Ribeiro F., Fonseca G., Dalton H., Desai M., Osborn E., Deeb H., Arcadipane A., Martucci G., Panarello G., Vitiello C., Bianco C., Occhipinti G., Rossetti M., Cuffaro R., Cho S. -M., Shimizu H., Moriyama N., Kim J. -B., Kitamura N., Gebauer J., Yokoyama T., Al-Fares A., Buabbas S., Alamad E., Alawadhi F., Alawadi K., Tanaka H., Hashimoto S., Yamazaki M., Oh T. -H., Epler M., Forney C., Kruse L., Feister J., Williamson J., Grobengieser K., Gnall E., Golden S., Caroline M., Shapiro T., Karaj C., Thome L., Sher L., Vanderland M., Welch M., McDermott S., Brain M., Mineall S., Kimura D., Brazzi L., Sales G., Ogston T., Nagpal D., Fischer K., Lorusso R., Rangappa R., Appu A., Carton E. G., Sen A., Palacios A., Rainey D., Samoukoviv G., Campisi J., Durham L., Neumann E., Seefeldt C., Falcucci O., Emmrich A., Guy J., Johns C., Potzner K., Zimmermann C., Espinal A., Buchtele N., Schwameis M., Stecher S. -S., Singh D., Barnikel M., Arenz L., Zaaqoq A., Galloway L. A., Merley C., Csete M., Quesada L., Saba I., Kasugai D., Hiraiwa H., Tanaka T., Purnama Y., Dewayanti S. R., Juzar D. A., Siagian D., Chen Y. -S., Ratsep I., Oigus G., Erikson K., Post A. -M., Enneveer L., Sillaots P., Manetta F., Mihelis E., Sarmiento I. C., Narasimhan M., Varrone M., Komats M., Garcia-Diaz J., Harmon C., Satyapriya S. V., Bhatt A., Mokadam N. A., Uribe A., Gonzalez A., Shi H., McKeown J., Pasek J., Fiorda J., Echeverria M., Moreno R., Zakhary B., Cavana M., Cucino A., Foti G., Giani M., Russotto V., Castagna V., DellAmore A., Navalesi P., Shum H. -P., Vuysteke A., Usman A., Acker A., Smood B., Mergler B., Sertic F., Subramanian M., Sperry A., Rizer N., Burhan E., Rasmin M., Akmal E., Sitompul F., Lolong N., Naivedh B., Erickson S., Barrett P., Dean D., Daugherty J., Loforte A., Khan I., Abraar Quraishi M., DeSantis O., So D., Kandamby D., Mandei J. M., Natanael H., YudhaLantang E., Lantang A., Wijaya S. O., Jung A., Ng G., Ng W. Y., Fang S., Tabah A., Ratcliffe M., Duroux M., Adachi S., Nakao S., Blanco P., Prieto A., Sanchez J., Nicholson M., Butt W., Serratore A., Delzoppo C., Janin P., Yarad E., Totaro R., Coles J., Pujo B., Balk R., Vissing A., Kapania E., Hays J., Fox S., Yantosh G., Mishin P., Yuliarto S., Hari Santoso K., Djajalaksana S., Fatoni A. Z., Fukuda M., Liu K., Battaglini D., Jimenez J. F. M., Bastos D., Gaiao S., Rusmawatiningtyas D., Buchner J., Cho Y. -J., Lee S. H., Kawasaki T., Munshi L., Sakiyalak P., Nitayavardhana P., Seitz T., Arora R., Kent D., Marino D., Parwar S., Cheng A., Miller J., Fujitani S., Shimizu N., Madhok J., Owyang C., Buscher H., Reynolds C., Maasikas O., Beljantsev A., Mihnovits V., Akimoto T., Aizawa M., Horibe K., Onodera R., Young M., George T., Shekar K., McGuinness N., Irvine L., Flynn B., Endo T., Sugiyama K., Shimizu K., Exconde K., Lussier L., Lotz G., Malfertheiner M., Maier L., Dreier E., Kusumastuti N. P., McCloskey C., Dabaliz A. -A., Elshazly T. B., Smith J., Szuldrzynski K. S., Bielanski P., Wille K., Parhar K. K. S., Fiest K. M., Codan C., Shahid A., Fayed M., Evans T., Garcia R., Gutierrez A., Song T., Rose R., Bennett S., Richardson D., Peek G., Arora L., Rappapport K., Rudolph K., Sibenaller Z., Stout L., Walter A., Herr D., Vedadi N., Thompson S., Sindt L., Rajnic S., Ewald C., Hoffman J., Ying X., Kennedy R., Griffee M., Ciullo A., Kida Y., Roca R. F., Riera J. I., Contreras S., Alegre C., Kay C., Fischer I., Renner E., Taniguci H., Bassi G. L., Suen J., Barnett A., Pearse I., Abbate G., Hassan H., Heinsar S., Karnik V. A., Ki K., ONeill H. F., Obonyo N., Pimenta L. P., Reid J. D., Sato K., Vuorinen A., Wildi K. S., Wood E. S., Yerkovich S., Lee J., Plotkin D., Citarella B. W., Hartley E., Lubis B., Ikeyama T., Bhaskar B., Jung J. -S., McGuinness S., Eastwood G., Marta S. R., Guarracino F., Gerle S., Coxon E., Claro B., Loverde D., Patil N., Parrini V., McBride A., Negaard K., Ratsch A., Abdelaziz A., Uribe J. D., Peris A., Sanders M., Emerson D., Kamal M., Povoa P., Francis R., Cherif A., Joseph S., Di Nardo M., Heard M., Kyle K., Blackwell R. A., Biston P., Jeong H. W., Smith R., Prawira Y., Montrucchio G., Garcia A. H., Salterain N., Meyns B., Moreno M., Walia R., Mehta A., Schweda A., Supriatna M., Kirakli C., Williams M., Kim K. H., Assad A., Giraldo E., Karolak W., Balik M., Pocock E., Gajkowski E., Masafumi K., Barrett N., Takeyama Y., Park S., Amin F., Andriyani F. M., Sudakevych S., Vera M., Cornejo R., Schwarz P., Mardini A. C., de Paula T., Neto A. S., Villoldo A., Colafranceschi A. S., Iglesias A. U., Granjean J., Melro L. M. G., Romualdo G. F., Gaia D., Souza H., Galas F., Mendiluce R. M., Sosa A., Martinez I., Kurosawa H., Salgado J., Hugi-MayrCharbonneau B. E., Barzilai V. S., Monteiro V., de Souza R. R., Harper M., Suzuki H., Adams C., Brieva J., Nyale G., Eltatar F. S., Fatani J., Baeissa H., Masri A. A., Rabie A., Hui M. Y., Yamane M., Jung H., Margaret A. M., Nacpil N., Ruck K., Bakken R., Jara C., Felton T., Berra L., Shah B., Chakraborty A., Cardona M., Capatos G., Akkanti B., Orija A., Jain H., Ito A., Housni B., Low S., Iihara K., Chavez J., Ramanathan K., Zabert G., Naidoo K., Seppelt I., VanDyk M., MacDonald S., McGregor R., Siebenaler T., Flynn H., Lofton K., Aokage T., Shigemitsu K., Moscatelli A., Fiorentino G., Baumgaertel M., Mba S. E., Assy J., Hutahaean A., Roush H., Sichting K. A., Alessandri F., Burns D., Salt G., Garabedian C. P., Millar J., Sim M., Mattke A., McAuley D., Tadili J., Frenzel T., Bar-Lavie Y., Ortiz A. B., Stone J., Attokaran A., Farquharson M., Patel B., Gunning D., Baillie K., Watson P., Tamai K., Sajinadiyasa G. K., Kanyawati D., Salgado M., Sassine A., Yudo B., McCaul S., Lee B., Lee S. M., Afek A., Iwashita Y., Semedi B. P., Metiva J., Van Belle N., Martin-Loeches I., Ivatt L., Woon C. Y., Kang H. M., Smith T., James E., Al-Rawas N., Iwasaki Y., King-Chung K. C., Gudzenko V., Hugi-Mayr B., Taccone F., Perdhana F., Lamarche Y., Ribeiro J. M., Bradic N., Van den Bossche K., Lansink O., Singh G., Debeuckelaere G., Stelfox H. T., Yi C., Elia J., Tribble T., Shankar S., Padmanabhan R., Hallinan B., Paoletti L., Leyva Y., Fykuda T., Badulak J., Koch J., Hackman A., Janowaik L., Hernandez D., Osofsky J., Donadello K., Lawang A., Fine J., Davidson B., and Vazquez A. O. R.

Abstract

Background: The role of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate in COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS the impact of early use of NMBAs on 90-day mortality, through propensity score (PS) matching analysis. Methods: We analyzed a convenience sample of patients with COVID-19 and moderate-to-severe ARDS, admitted to 244 intensive care units within the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium, from February 1, 2020, through October 31, 2021. Patients undergoing at least 2 days and up to 3 consecutive days of NMBAs (NMBA treatment), within 48 h from commencement of IMV were compared with subjects who did not receive NMBAs or only upon commencement of IMV (control). The primary objective in the PS-matched cohort was comparison between groups in 90-day in-hospital mortality, assessed through Cox proportional hazard modeling. Secondary objectives were comparisons in the numbers of ventilator-free days (VFD) between day 1 and day 28 and between day 1 and 90 through competing risk regression. Results: Data from 1953 patients were included. After propensity score matching, 210 cases from each group were well matched. In the PS-matched cohort, mean (± SD) age was 60.3 ± 13.2 years and 296 (70.5%) were male and the most common comorbidities were hypertension (56.9%), obesity (41.1%), and diabetes (30.0%). The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death at 90 days in the NMBA treatment vs control group was 1.12 (95% CI 0.79, 1.59, p = 0.534). After adjustment for smoking habit and critical therapeutic covariates, the HR was 1.07 (95% CI 0.72, 1.61, p = 0.729). At 28 days, VFD were 16 (IQR 0–25) and 25 (IQR 7–26) in the NMBA treatment and control groups, respectively (sub-hazard ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.67, 1.00, p = 0.055). At 90 days, VFD were 77 (IQR 0–87) and 87 (IQR 0–88) (sub-hazard ratio 0.86 (95% CI 0.69, 1.07; p =

Published
2022

36. Potential peripheral biomarkers associated with the emergence and presence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology: A systematic review

Author

Sbisa, AM, Madden, K, Toben, C, McFarlane, AC, Dell, L, Lawrence-Wood, E, Sbisa, AM, Madden, K, Toben, C, McFarlane, AC, Dell, L, and Lawrence-Wood, E

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves an interplay between psychological manifestations and biological systems. Biological markers of PTSD could assist in identifying individuals with underlying dysregulation and increased risk; however, accurate and reliable biomarkers are yet to be identified. METHODS: A systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Databases included EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central. Studies from a comprehensive 2015 review (Schmidt et al., 2015) and English language papers published subsequently (between 2014 and May 2022) were included. Forty-eight studies were eligible. RESULTS: Alterations in neuroendocrine and immune markers were most commonly associated with PTSD symptoms. Evidence indicates PTSD symptoms are associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction as represented by low basal cortisol, a dysregulated immune system, characterized by an elevated pro-inflammatory state, and metabolic dysfunction. However, a considerable number of studies neglected to measure sex or prior trauma, which have the potential to affect the biological outcomes of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Mixed findings are indicative of the complexity and heterogeneity of PTSD and suggest the relationship between allostatic load, biological markers, and PTSD remain largely undefined. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to prospective research design and long-term follow up, it is imperative future research includes covariates sex, prior trauma, and adverse childhood experiences. Future research should include exploration of biological correlates specific to PTSD symptom domains to determine whether underlying processes differ with symptom expression, in addition to subclinical presentation of posttraumatic stress symptoms, which would allow for greater understanding of biomarkers associated with disorder risk and assist in untangling directionality.

Published
2023

37. Do anemia treatments improve quality of life and physical function in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)? A systematic review

Author

Mo, A, Poynton, M, Wood, E, Shortt, J, Brunskill, SJ, Doree, C, Sandercock, J, Saadah, N, Luk, E, Stanworth, SJ, Mcquilten, Z, Mo, A, Poynton, M, Wood, E, Shortt, J, Brunskill, SJ, Doree, C, Sandercock, J, Saadah, N, Luk, E, Stanworth, SJ, and Mcquilten, Z

Abstract

Anemia is common in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). Different anemia treatments have been tested in clinical studies, but the full impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical function is unknown. The main aim of this review was to assess whether improvements in anemia are associated with changes in HRQoL/physical function. Twenty-six full-text publications were identified, enrolling 2211 patients: nine randomized trials (RCTs), fourteen non-randomized studies of interventions and three cross-sectional studies. Interventions included: growth factors/erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (n = 14), red cell transfusion (n = 9), erythroid maturation agents (n = 1), or a combination (n = 2). Five RCTs reported no changes in HRQoL despite erythroid response to the intervention, raising the question of whether anemia treatment alone can effectively improve HRQoL. Many studies were considered at high risk of bias for assessing HRQoL. There is a pressing need for future clinical trials to better define the nature of the relationship between anemia and HRQoL/functional outcomes.

Published
2023

38. Cumulative trauma load and timing of trauma prior to military deployment differentially influences inhibitory control processing across deployment

Author

Miller, LN, Forbes, D, Mcfarlane, AC, Lawrence-Wood, E, Simmons, JG, Felmingham, K, Miller, LN, Forbes, D, Mcfarlane, AC, Lawrence-Wood, E, Simmons, JG, and Felmingham, K

Abstract

Military personnel experience high trauma load that can change brain circuitry leading to impaired inhibitory control and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Inhibitory control processing may be particularly vulnerable to developmental and interpersonal trauma. This study examines the differential role of cumulative pre-deployment trauma and timing of trauma on inhibitory control using the Go/NoGo paradigm in a military population. The Go/NoGo paradigm was administered to 166 predominately male army combat personnel at pre- and post-deployment. Linear mixed models analyze cumulative trauma, trauma onset, and post-deployment PTSD symptoms on NoGo-N2 and NoGo-P3 amplitude and latency across deployment. Here we report, NoGo-N2 amplitude increases and NoGo-P3 amplitude and latency decreases in those with high prior interpersonal trauma across deployment. Increases in NoGo-P3 amplitude following adolescent-onset trauma and NoGo-P3 latency following childhood-onset and adolescent-onset trauma are seen across deployment. Arousal symptoms positively correlated with conflict monitoring. Our findings support the cumulative trauma load and sensitive period of trauma exposure models for inhibitory control processing in a military population. High cumulative interpersonal trauma impacts conflict monitoring and response suppression and increases PTSD symptoms whereas developmental trauma differentially impacts response suppression. This research highlights the need for tailored strategies for strengthening inhibitory control, and that consider timing and type of trauma in military personnel.

Published
2023

39. Primary care trainee nursing associates in England: a qualitative study of higher education institution perspectives.

Author

Robertson, S, King, R, Taylor, B, Laker, S, Wood, E, Senek, M, Tod, A, Ryan, T, Robertson, S, King, R, Taylor, B, Laker, S, Wood, E, Senek, M, Tod, A, and Ryan, T

Abstract

Aim: To explore higher education institution (HEI) perspectives on the development and implementation of trainee nursing associates (NAs) in the primary care workforce in England. Background: Current shortages of primary health care staff have led to innovative skill mix approaches in attempts to maintain safe and effective care. In England, a new level of nursing practice, NAs, was introduced and joined the workforce in 2019. This role was envisaged as a way of bridging the skills gap between health care assistants and registered nurses and as an alternative route into registered nursing. However, there is limited evidence on programme development and implementation of trainee NAs within primary care settings and HEI perspectives on this. Methods: This paper draws from a larger qualitative study of HEI perspectives on the trainee NA programme. Twenty-seven staff involved in training NAs, from five HEIs across England, were interviewed from June to September 2021. The interview schedule specifically included questions relating to primary care. Data relating to primary care were extracted and analysed using a combined framework and thematic analysis approach. Findings: Three themes were developed: ‘Understanding the trainee role and requirements’, ‘Trainee support in primary care’ and ‘Skills and scope of practice’. It is apparent that a more limited understanding of the NA programme requirements can lead to difficulties in accessing the right support for trainees in primary care. This can create challenges for trainees in gaining the required competencies and uncertainty in understanding what constitutes a safe scope of practice within the role for both employers and trainees. It might be anticipated that as this new programme becomes more embedded in primary care, a greater understanding will develop, support will improve and the nature and scope of this new level of practice will become clearer.

Published
2023

40. Changing Agendas on Sleep, Treatment and Learning in Epilepsy (CASTLE) Sleep-E: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial comparing an online behavioural sleep intervention with standard care in children with Rolandic epilepsy

Author

Al-Najjar, N, Bray, L, Carter, B, Castle, AP, Collingwood, A, Cook, G, Crudgington, H, Currier, J, Dietz, KC, Hardy, WAS, Hiscock, H, Hughes, D, Morris, C, Roberts, D, Rouncefield-Swales, A, Saron, H, Spowart, C, Stibbs-Eaton, L, Tudur Smith, C, Watson, V, Whittle, L, Wiggs, L, Wood, E, Gringras, P, Pal, DK, Al-Najjar, N, Bray, L, Carter, B, Castle, AP, Collingwood, A, Cook, G, Crudgington, H, Currier, J, Dietz, KC, Hardy, WAS, Hiscock, H, Hughes, D, Morris, C, Roberts, D, Rouncefield-Swales, A, Saron, H, Spowart, C, Stibbs-Eaton, L, Tudur Smith, C, Watson, V, Whittle, L, Wiggs, L, Wood, E, Gringras, P, and Pal, DK

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Sleep and epilepsy have an established bidirectional relationship yet only one randomised controlled clinical trial has assessed the effectiveness of behavioural sleep interventions for children with epilepsy. The intervention was successful, but was delivered via face-to-face educational sessions with parents, which are costly and non-scalable to population level. The Changing Agendas on Sleep, Treatment and Learning in Epilepsy (CASTLE) Sleep-E trial addresses this problem by comparing clinical and cost-effectiveness in children with Rolandic epilepsy between standard care (SC) and SC augmented with a novel, tailored parent-led CASTLE Online Sleep Intervention (COSI) that incorporates evidence-based behavioural components. METHODS AND ANALYSES: CASTLE Sleep-E is a UK-based, multicentre, open-label, active concurrent control, randomised, parallel-group, pragmatic superiority trial. A total of 110 children with Rolandic epilepsy will be recruited in outpatient clinics and allocated 1:1 to SC or SC augmented with COSI (SC+COSI). Primary clinical outcome is parent-reported sleep problem score (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire). Primary health economic outcome is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (National Health Service and Personal Social Services perspective, Child Health Utility 9D Instrument). Parents and children (≥7 years) can opt into qualitative interviews and activities to share their experiences and perceptions of trial participation and managing sleep with Rolandic epilepsy. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The CASTLE Sleep-E protocol was approved by the Health Research Authority East Midlands (HRA)-Nottingham 1 Research Ethics Committee (reference: 21/EM/0205). Trial results will be disseminated to scientific audiences, families, professional groups, managers, commissioners and policymakers. Pseudo-anonymised individual patient data will be made available after dissemination on reasonable request. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN1320232

Published
2023

41. A review of research into neuroscience in tourism: Launching the annals of tourism research curated collection on neuroscience in tourism

Author

Li, S, Chark, R, Bastiaansen, M, Wood, E, Li, S, Chark, R, Bastiaansen, M, and Wood, E

Abstract

The growth of neuroscience studies within tourism has been relatively slow, with limited well-executed studies and little interdisciplinarity. The aim of this review is to stimulate the use of neuroscience within tourism research. It first discusses the synergies to be gained by combining neuroscience with social science, exploring the usefulness and suitability of using neuroscience within tourism. An evaluation of review articles that have critiqued individual applications of neuroscience in tourism is presented, followed by a comprehensive overview of neuroscience methods. We discuss the theoretical relevance of neuroscience and its potential themes for a tourism neuroscience research agenda. This discussion is based on a selective review of wider neuroscience of relevance to tourism, including affective neuroscience, neuromarketing, neuroeconomics and neuromanagement.

Published
2023

42. Training and development experiences of nursing associate trainees based in primary care across England: a qualitative study

Author

King, R, Laker, S, Alden, S, Ryan, T, Wood, E, Tod, A, Senek, M, Taylor, B, Robertson, S, King, R, Laker, S, Alden, S, Ryan, T, Wood, E, Tod, A, Senek, M, Taylor, B, and Robertson, S

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The nursing associate role was first deployed in England in 2019 to fill a perceived skills gap in the nursing workforce between healthcare assistants and registered nurses and to offer an alternative route into registered nursing. Initially, trainee nursing associates were predominantly based in hospital settings; however, more recently, there has been an increase in trainees based in primary care settings. Early research has focussed on experiences of the role across a range of settings, particularly secondary care; therefore, little is known about the experiences and unique support needs of trainees based in primary care. AIM: To explore the experiences and career development opportunities for trainee nursing associates based in primary care. METHODS: This study used a qualitative exploratory design. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 11 trainee nursing associates based in primary care from across England. Data were collected between October and November 2021, transcribed and analysed thematically. FINDINGS: Four key themes relating to primary care trainee experiences of training and development were identified. Firstly, nursing associate training provided a 'valuable opportunity for career progression'. Trainees were frustrated by the 'emphasis on secondary care' in both academic content and placement portfolio requirements. They also experienced 'inconsistency in support' from their managers and assessors and noted a number of 'constraints to their learning opportunities', including the opportunity to progress to become registered nurses. CONCLUSION: This study raises important issues for trainee nursing associates, which may influence the recruitment and retention of the nursing associate workforce in primary care. Educators should consider adjustments to how the curriculum is delivered, including primary care skills and relevant assessments. Employers need to recognise the resource requirements for the programme, in relation to time a

Published
2023

43. A review of research into neuroscience in tourism: Launching the annals of tourism research curated collection on neuroscience in tourism

Author

Li, S., Chark, R., Bastiaansen, M., Wood, E., Li, S., Chark, R., Bastiaansen, M., and Wood, E.

Abstract

The growth of neuroscience studies within tourism has been relatively slow, with limited well-executed studies and little interdisciplinarity. The aim of this review is to stimulate the use of neuroscience within tourism research. It first discusses the synergies to be gained by combining neuroscience with social science, exploring the usefulness and suitability of using neuroscience within tourism. An evaluation of review articles that have critiqued individual applications of neuroscience in tourism is presented, followed by a comprehensive overview of neuroscience methods. We discuss the theoretical relevance of neuroscience and its potential themes for a tourism neuroscience research agenda. This discussion is based on a selective review of wider neuroscience of relevance to tourism, including affective neuroscience, neuromarketing, neuroeconomics and neuromanagement.

Published
2023

47. Key results and implications from phase 1(c) of the Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parametrization Schemes

Author

Pitman, AJ, Henderson-Sellers, A, Desborough, CE, Yang, Z-L, Abramopoulos, F, Boone, A, Dickinson, RE, Gedney, N, Koster, R, Kowalczyk, E, Lettenmaier, D, Liang, X, Mahfouf, J-F, Noilhan, J, Polcher, J, Qu, W, Robock, A, Rosenzweig, C, Schlosser, CA, Shmakin, AB, Smith, J, Suarez, M, Verseghy, D, Wetzel, P, Wood, E, and Xue, Y

Subjects
Life on Land, Climate Action, Atmospheric Sciences, Oceanography, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Using atmospheric forcing data generated from a general circulation climate model, sixteen land surface schemes participating in the Project for the Intercomparison of Land-surface Parametrization Schemes (PILPS) were run off-line to equilibrium using forcing data from a GCM representative of a tropical forest and a mid-latitude grassland grid point. The values for each land surface parameter (roughness length, minimum stomatal resistance, soil depth etc.) were provided. Results were quality controlled and analyzed, focusing on the scatter simulated amongst the models. There were large differences in how the models' partitioned available energy between sensible and latent heat. Annually averaged, simulations for the tropical forest ranged by 79 W m-2 for the sensible heat flux and 80 W m-2 for the latent heat flux. For the grassland, simulations ranged by 34 W m-2 for the sensible heat flux and 27 W m-2 for the latent heat flux. Similarly large differences were found for simulated runoff and soil moisture and at the monthly time scale. The models' simulation of annually averaged effective radiative temperature varied with a range, between all the models, of 1.4 K for tropical forest and 2.2 K for the grassland. The simulation of latent and sensible heat fluxes by a standard 'bucket' models was anomalous although this could be corrected by an additional resistance term. These results imply that the current land surface models do not agree on the land surface climate when the atmospheric forcing and surface parameters are prescribed. The nature of the experimental design, it being offline and with artificial forcing, generally precludes judgements concerning the relative quality of any specific model. Although these results were produced de-coupled from a host model, they do cast doubt on the reliability of land surface schemes. It is therefore a priority to resolve the disparity in the simulations, understand the reasons behind the scatter and to determine whether this lack of agreement in decoupled tests is reproduced in coupled experiments.

Published
1999

49. Is inflammatory change associated with psychological risk and resilience in high-risk military personnel?

Author

Bennett, Neanne, Lawrence-Wood, E, and McFarlane, A

Abstract

IntroductionIn military populations, the potential for under-reporting of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and challenges in recognising early changes can make it difficult to detect an emerging disorder. However, early identification of PTSD symptoms would improve opportunities for intervention, and potentially reduce the likelihood of chronic mental health problems.MethodThis study explored if changes in levels of inflammation, measured by C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), were associated with the onset of psychological symptoms associated with PTSD. It also examined if changes in inflammation over time contributed to psychological risk and resilience, which was defined by psychological reactivity to deployment-related combat exposures. Participants were special forces personnel who completed psychological self-report questionnaires and had measures of CRP and IL-6 taken pre and post deployment. Regression analysis was used to examine how psychological symptoms predicted change in inflammation, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to examine differences between identified subgroups.ResultsResults identify this population as having high levels of combat and trauma exposures, with low-level psychological symptoms. The results also identified a decrease in CRP and an increase in IL-6 over time. A significant difference in inflammation was identified between subgroups (p<0.05). An association between inflammatory markers and subthreshold symptoms related to anger (p<0.01) and sleep (p<0.05) was also identified.ConclusionThese preliminary findings suggest inflammatory markers may help to identify adaptive responses post deployment. In addition, low-level increases in inflammatory markers may be associated with subthreshold PTSD symptoms. These findings offer potential insights for prevention, early identification and treatment in military and veteran populations.

Published
2024
Full Text
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50. Identifying psychological risk and resilience in high-risk military personnel

Author

Bennett, Neanne, Lawrence-Wood, E, and McFarlane, A

Abstract

IntroductionCombat exposure has been associated with the emergence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in military personnel; however, not all veterans are negatively impacted by their operational experience. In many instances, the absence of symptoms following operational service is attributed to resilience. This study explored the construct of resilience by examining the relationship between levels of deployment-related exposures and psychological symptoms, as well as identifying factors that may contribute to resilience and emerging risk.MethodParticipants were special forces personnel who completed self-report questionnaires 1 month before deployment and 4 months post deployment. Subgroups were created based on psychological reactivity to deployment exposures, representing risk, vulnerability and resilience. Regression analysis assessed the contribution of factors that were predictive of risk or resilience groups specifically.ResultsResults showed the overall levels of psychological reactivity in this population post deployment were low; however, differences between risk and resilience subgroups were found. Subthreshold indicators of psychological reactivity, as well as deployment factors such as increased deployment frequency and time spent away from home, were found to contribute to differences between risk and resilient trajectories.ConclusionFindings reflect a military population with low psychological symptoms despite high trauma exposure. However, subtle underlying differences between subgroups suggest that the early identification of risk and emerging trajectories is possible. Risk and resilience in military populations needs to consider subthreshold indicators and individual differences over time.

Published
2024
Full Text
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