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Objective: To investigate the association of normal BMI with central obesity (CO), high BMI with CO, high BMI without CO, and normal BMI without CO, with function and cognition in older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 754 participants ≥ 65 years. Data collected include demographics, cognition, and physical measurements. Results: Females had a higher prevalence of high BMI with CO and a lower prevalence of high BMI without CO than males (61.0% vs 44.6% and 4.6% vs 15.0%, respectively). Within gender, CO groups, regardless of BMI, had lower mini-mental state examination (MMSE), handgrip strength (HGS), and longer timed-up-and-go (TUG) scores. Overall, the high BMI without CO group had the highest MMSE scores, HGS, and shortest TUG. Amongst males, HGS was significantly lower in the normal BMI with CO group (B −3.28, 95% CI −6.32 to −0.23, P = 0.04). CO, regardless of normal/high BMI, had significantly lon ger TUG time (B 2.65, 95% CI 0.45 to 4.84, P = 0.02; B 1.07, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.88, P = 0.01, respectively) than normal BMI without CO group. CO was associated with lower MMSE scores in both genders but significant only in males with normal BMI and CO (B −1.60, 95% CI −3.15 to −0.06, P = 0.04). Conclusion: CO may be a better predictor of obesity and adverse outcomes in older adults. High BMI without CO was associated with better outcomes especially in males but require further validation. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to ascertain the impact of BMI and/or CO on function, cognition, mortality, and gender diff erences.

Humans shifted their focus toward robots when they realized that, with the increased complexity of built environments and the rapid advances in fields such as manufacturing and civil structures, robots could serve human development. This paper investigates the development of a mobile robot that uses ultrasonic sensors to obtain distance readings and utilizes those readings to draw 3D maps of its surroundings. The robot is designed to perform in narrow spaces and in rough terrain environments, such as underground piping structures or underground wiring networks. The wheeled platform is capable of maneuvering on rough surfaces guided by a specially designed obstacle navigation strategy using ultrasonic sensors. The mounting of the 3D mapping sensors is a new and innovative approach that resolves many of the problems encountered in previous proposed designs for 3D ultrasonic mappers. The 3D mapping sensors obtain data to create a 2D map and position localization data to create a 3D form. This paper presents the results obtained through extensive work on developing the vehicle and testing the control and 3D mapping algorithm.

Humans shifted their focus toward robots when they realized that, with the increased complexity of built environments and the rapid advances in fields such as manufacturing and civil structures, robots could serve human development. This paper investigates the development of a mobile robot that uses ultrasonic sensors to obtain distance readings and utilizes those readings to draw 3D maps of its surroundings. The robot is designed to perform in narrow spaces and in rough terrain environments, such as underground piping structures or underground wiring networks. The wheeled platform is capable of maneuvering on rough surfaces guided by a specially designed obstacle navigation strategy using ultrasonic sensors. The mounting of the 3D mapping sensors is a new and innovative approach that resolves many of the problems encountered in previous proposed designs for 3D ultrasonic mappers. The 3D mapping sensors obtain data to create a 2D map and position localization data to create a 3D form. This paper presents the results obtained through extensive work on developing the vehicle and testing the control and 3D mapping algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]