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Yesuneh Tefera Mekasha,1 Sete Nigussie,2 Wegayehu Ashagre,3 Melaku Getahun Feleke,4 Abibo Wondie,5 Asnakew Mulaw,6 Bereket Dessalegn6 1Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, and Regulatory Affairs, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 4Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analysis, and Quality Assurance, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 5Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Drug Supply Chain Management, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 6Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Yesuneh Tefera Mekasha, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, Email yesuneh.tefera@uog.edu.etBackground: The intentional and illegal misrepresentation of fake medications involves falsely indicating their source. These fraudulent medications can include products that contain either accurate or incorrect ingredients, lack proper labeling, have insufficient quantities of ingredients, and are packaged with counterfeit packaging. This unlawful activity has led to treatment failures, the development of antibiotic resistance, adverse effects, and even deaths. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, practice, and regulatory status of veterinary drug experts in the central Gondar zone of Ethiopia regarding counterfeit veterinary medications.Methods: From January 2023 to July 2023, a self-administered structured questionnaire was utilized to conduct a cross-sectional study in Central Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. The analysis of the data involved the application of descriptive and chi-square tests.Results: The study revealed that the majority of professionals possessed a work experience ranging from 5 to 9 years (23; 56.1%). Additionally, a total of 25 individuals (61.0%) who participated in the research had not undergone any kind of training. It was observed that a significant proportion of participants (82.9%) possessed knowledge about counterfeit veterinary drugs. Only about 63% and 36% of respondents had high knowledge and good practice concerning veterinary counterfeit drugs, respectively. Only 29.3% of participants have reported practices. Furthermore, a poor regulatory level of coordination was detected (85.4%). The study revealed a significant (χ 2 =7.6165; p = 0.022) disparity between the respondents’ practice levels and training. Respondents’ regulatory levels were also significantly associated (p < 0.05) with their sex (χ 2 = 13.34; p = 0.001) and work experience (χ 2 = 13.64; p = 0.033). The research findings also revealed a noteworthy correlation between practice and regulatory activity (χ 2 = 15.0463; p = 0.005).Conclusion: The study outlines the necessity of awareness initiatives, with a focus on the significance of veterinary experts’ knowledge, practice, and regulatory efforts in addressing the issue of counterfeit veterinary medications.Keywords: counterfeit veterinary drug, veterinary drug professionals, cross-sectional study, knowledge, practice, regulatory activity, central Gondar zone, Ethiopia

BackgroundThe widespread use and misuse of antimicrobials are the major driving factor for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that threatens the health of human beings globally. Thus, monitoring antimicrobial consumption at national level is crucial to prevent and contain AMR. Nevertheless, there is no well-established system for recording and reporting of antimicrobial consumption in Ethiopia. Hence, the national antimicrobial consumption survey was conducted to generate evidence for decision-making on the appropriate use of antimicrobials in Ethiopia and tackle AMR.MethodsAll imported and locally manufactured antimicrobials from 2017 to 2019 were from the Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority and local manufacturers database, respectively. Data were collected and analyzed descriptively in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) and defined daily doses (DDD) classification and methodology.ResultsThe average DDD/1,000 inhabitants for all antimicrobials was 15.36. The DDD/1,000 inhabitants fell down sharply from 37.03 in 2017 to 4.30 in 2018, before slightly rising to 4.75 in 2019. The majority of the consumed antimicrobials were comprised of oral antimicrobials (98.6%), while parenteral antimicrobials made up 1.4%. Tetracyclines (35.81%), fluoroquinolones (20.19%), macrolides (13.92%), antiretrovirals (10.57%), and cephalosporins (9.63%) were the most frequently consumed classes of antimicrobials during the three years period. About 75.83% of the consumed antimicrobials fall under the WHO AWaRe classification and 67.87% of antimicrobial consumption was from the WHO Access class medications, with Watch and Reserve classes accounting for 32.13% and ConclusionDue to the peculiarities of our settings, our findings may have some similarities and differences with similar studies from other countries. Hence, we recommend for all concerned bodies to work collaboratively to improve monitoring of antimicrobial consumption at different levels of the Ethiopian healthcare tier system. Future work is necessary to establish a strong system of reporting of antimicrobial consumption patterns in Ethiopia.

Introduction: Understanding the extent to which faculty members' beliefs, attitudes, and acceptance of educational technologies for learning is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of technology and ensuring its long-term viability. However, higher education institutions have made significant investments in educational technology for learning without fully comprehending faculty members' beliefs, attitudes, and level of acceptance of these technologies. This lack of understanding has hindered the effectiveness of these investments. Therefore, this study aims to examine faculty members' beliefs, attitudes and level of acceptance towards educational technology in higher education institutions in Ethiopia. Methods: A survey was conducted at five public higher education institutions that offer priority health training programs. The survey collected data using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, focusing on four key determinants. Faculty members were asked to rate these determinants on a scale of 1 to 5. Each determinant was analyzed separately, examining the mean value and standard deviation. An overall mean score was calculated by combining all the determinants. Additionally, a logistic regression analysis was performed to determine how different demographic factors influenced faculty members' acceptance of technology for student learning. Result: A total of 330 faculty members participated in the study. The majority of respondents were male lecturers who held a second degree qualification. On average, the participants were 32.9 years old and had six years of teaching experience. Interestingly, nearly three fourth (72.6%) of faculty members hold positive beliefs and exhibit a high level of acceptance of educational technology. Furthermore, the likelihood of accepting and utilizing technologies for learning was found to be 2.3 times higher for faculty members working in teaching settings at research institutions. Conclusion: Faculty members have a favorable attitude towards educational technology, demonstrating a high level of acceptance. This positive belief holds significant implications and is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of technology and ensuring its long-term viability.

Abstract Background Obstructive sleep apnea is a syndrome characterized by recurrent partial, or complete upper airway collapse during sleep. Although obstructive sleep apnea is common in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the majority of patients remain undiagnosed because of the prohibitive cost of the test and paucity of the sleep clinic, especially in developing nations. The study aimed to assess high-risk obstructive sleep apnea and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital. Methods A Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was employed from October 15 to December 5, 2021, among 204 participants. Data collection was done by semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data was entered into the Epi data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Independent t-test and chi-square test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables accordingly. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with high-risk obstructive sleep apnea. Statistical significance was set at P-value

Abstract Introduction Although sleep disturbance is a community problem, there is limited study in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors affecting postpartum poor sleep quality in women. Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1st to August 30th, 2021 in Gondar city. The cluster sampling method was used to address 858 study participants. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 19-item self-report measure of sleep quality over the past month was used to measure maternal sleep quality during the postpartum period and a global PSQI score of 5 or more was used to indicate poor sleep quality. Binary logistic regression was used to identify variable association and 95% confidence level and adjusted Odds Ratio were used to declare association. Result Poor sleep quality prevalence during postpartum period was 24.0% (95%CI: 21.3–26.9). factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality were family size [AOR = 1.76; 95% CI: (1.14–2.73)], unplanned pregnancy [AOR = 2.11; 95%CI: (1.17–3.80)], had a family history of mental illness [AOR = 3.70; 95%CI: (2.15–6.37)], had known medical disorders [AOR = 2.59; 95%CI: (1.51–4.43)], having intimate partner violence [AOR = 2.58; 95%CI: (1.78–3.75)], and women who can read and write and who complete secondary school [AOR = 2.60; 95% CI: (1.20–5.66)] and [AOR = 2.02; 95%CI: (1.16–3.53)] respectively. On the other hand, being housewife, merchant, and government-employed [AOR = 0.32; 95%CI: (0.14–0.73)], [AOR = 0.13; 95%CI: (0.05–0.34)], and [AOR = 0.38; 95%CI: (0.14–0.98)] respectively were identified to be factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion Poor sleep quality prevalence is high in the community of Gondar city. Thus, setting strategies to increase women’s educational level, providing health education programs to create awareness on the consequence of intimate partner violence which could reduce the violence; increasing screening for medical disorders before or during maternity period, preventing unplanned pregnancy with effective family planning method, and employing women in a certain organization will have a great role in reducing poor sleep quality.