Search

This article investigates the subjectivities of Christian women migrant workers within the context of China’s social transformation, characterized by the interactive advancement of global capitalism, rural-to-urban migration, and “Christian fever.” Despite the burgeoning literature on women migrant workers in global capitalism within geographical scholarship, there has been less focus on women migrants’ religious subjectivity and agency. Drawing on empirical research on the intersectional experiences of women migrant workers, this article seeks to advance a postsecular feminism by bringing intersectionality into conversation with debates on postsecularity and gender inequalities. First, we examine the intersectional “matrix of domination” imposed through state power, Chinese patriarchal culture, and the gendered and class-based disciplinary labor regime under global capitalism, which serves as an ontological condition in which women migrants’ religious subjectivities form and are shaped. Second, we use intersectionality to help understand the process of becoming and a relation of emergence, wherein multiple agential qualities of women migrants—manifesting as counterpatriarchal subjects or through docile, tolerant, self-sacrificial, and pious femininity—arise at the intersections of religion, class, gender, and family. We therefore argue that postsecular feminist critique needs to carefully consider the patterns and diverse effects of intersectionality where both domination and religious agency are engendered and interwoven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International labour migration brings a number of economic and development benefits to both the labour sending and receiving states. However, migrant workers who are women in particular face a multitude of challenges at different parts of the migration journey. They encounter exploitative practices during the recruitment process in the state of origin and are subjected to discriminatory treatment during their employment in the destination state. This research article explored the international legal framework, consisting of relevant human rights instruments and ILO labour standards, that effectively protect the rights of the female migrant labour force. The analysis revealed that international human rights treaties and labour standards bestowing legal, cultural, social, and economic rights are also applicable to women migrant workers and accord them protection from acts of discrimination and exploitation. Lastly, governments should formulate gender-sensitive migration procedures to ensure safe migration and legal protection for female migrant workers in overseas employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Young migrant workers living in low- and middle-income countries often experience barriers and inadequate access to HIV prevention and treatment services. This study examines the prevalence of HIV testing, associated factors, and reasons for obtaining and not obtaining HIV testing among young sexually active women migrant workers in an industrial zone in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 512 sexually active young women migrant workers (aged 18 to 29) working in the Thang Long industrial zone in Hanoi, Vietnam. Data was collected via a face-to-face interview from January 2020 to June 2021. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with ever-testing for HIV among sexually active participants. Results The study found a low level of HIV testing and high rates of unprotected sex. Among those who reported being sexually active, only 23.7% of participants (n = 126) reported having ever been tested for HIV. Among those who reported never having tested for HIV, 38.2% reported not using condoms during their most recent sexual encounter. Factors associated with engaging in HIV testing included being older (25–29 years), having greater knowledge about HIV, past use of sexual and reproductive health and HIV services, and familiarity with HIV testing locations. Conclusions Overall, a low level of HIV testing, high rates of unprotected sex, and low perceived risks regarding HIV among the study participants point to a need to implement targeted HIV interventions that can improve both safe sex practices and perceptions of and knowledge about risky sexual behaviors. Such interventions should use insights from this study to address factors facilitating HIV testing among industrial zones’ women migrant workers.

Background: Young migrant workers living in low- and middle-income countries often experience barriers and inadequate access to HIV prevention and treatment services. This study examines the prevalence of HIV testing, associated factors, and reasons for obtaining and not obtaining HIV testing among young sexually active women migrant workers in an industrial zone in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 512 sexually active young women migrant workers (aged 18 to 29) working in the Thang Long industrial zone in Hanoi, Vietnam. Data was collected via a face-to-face interview from January 2020 to June 2021. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with ever-testing for HIV among sexually active participants. Results: The study found a low level of HIV testing and high rates of unprotected sex. Among those who reported being sexually active, only 23.7% of participants (n = 126) reported having ever been tested for HIV. Among those who reported never having tested for HIV, 38.2% reported not using condoms during their most recent sexual encounter. Factors associated with engaging in HIV testing included being older (25–29 years), having greater knowledge about HIV, past use of sexual and reproductive health and HIV services, and familiarity with HIV testing locations. Conclusions: Overall, a low level of HIV testing, high rates of unprotected sex, and low perceived risks regarding HIV among the study participants point to a need to implement targeted HIV interventions that can improve both safe sex practices and perceptions of and knowledge about risky sexual behaviors. Such interventions should use insights from this study to address factors facilitating HIV testing among industrial zones' women migrant workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the centrality of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), women migrant workers in Malaysia face an environment inimical to their SRH needs. Drawing on qualitative case study material, we present the first empirical application of the capability approach (CA) to explore the reproductive health needs of women migrant workers in a developing country, offering an original analysis of the capability for SRH of these women. Specifically, we explore the resources available to them; their opportunities and freedoms ("capabilities"); and factors that mediate transformation of resources into capability sets ("conversion factors"). While SRH information and health care are notionally available, women migrant workers face multiple challenges in converting resources into functionings, constraining the achievement of capability for SRH. Challenges include language barriers, personal beliefs, power relations between workers and employers and the consequences of current migration policy. We consider the scale of the challenges facing these women in securing SRH rights, the difficulties of operationalising the CA within such a setting, and the implications of our findings for the adequacy of the CA in supporting marginalised populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is found to have significant impact on socio-economic development of a region or a country. Health is deemed to be central to the social, economic and environmental dimensions of the sustainable development agenda, both as a beneficiary and a contributor. Sustainable development goals recognise the importance and interrelation between health and migration. It considers health as an indicator of ‘people-centred, rights-based, inclusive, and equitable development’ (UN, 2015). The review has aimed at understanding the perceived morbidity and health seeking behaviour among women migrant workers. This paper encapsulates the relation between climate change and health on women migrants. Thereby helping to understand the potential health issues faced by female migrant workers as a result of climate change along with addressing their challenges and barrier faced by the female migrants in availing health services. The paper suggest the needed changes to be adopted to help provide better health care facilities for the women migrant workers thereby being able to reduce the threat of outbreak as well as to improve the public health. The study has both research and policy implication.

Invisibility and inequality in the subjective experiences of Albanian migrant women in the Greek labor market have not been sufficiently studied. In times of crisis, mechanisms and social processes of marginalization are being strengthened and push women to new roles, expectations, and social positions. This chapter investigates how migrant women understand invisibility within their occupation, to what extent they feel relative deprivation and injustice when comparing their situation with others, and what this means for the reproduction of inequalities and the boundaries of social stratification. Qualitative research is conducted through a case study and 10 work history biographical interviews with Albanian migrant women, living and working in the Artemis community. Findings are analyzed in light of the socio-historical context of invisibility of migrant women workers in Greece, while the statistical analysis of changes in the occupational distribution provides a picture of the social landscape. Findings show evidence of the ethnic and gender segregation of the Greek labor market and a significant increase of informal and temporary work in low-status jobs in services. Invisibility is mainly experienced through the degradation of working conditions, flexibility, insecurity, and the concealed process of alienation. The economic crisis increases the dependencies; meanings and perceptions change towards reduced expectations. Comparisons with reference groups show increasing inequalities within the same social group, but feelings of injustice are felt more due to administrative barriers and discrimination. The chapter offers insights on the process of invisibility of migrant women and its significance for social stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, tens of thousands of migrant workers returned from their countries of employment to their families in Lao People's Democratic Republic. This article focuses on a specific population of migrant workers – Lao women returnee migrant workers in informal employment in Thailand – to explore how COVID-19 impacted their well-being and to what extent their home country's social protection system supported them. It is based on more than 400 structured interviews with women migrant workers across nine provinces of Laos, who were working abroad in the informal economy and returned to Laos at the beginning of the pandemic. The research documented a rise in unemployment and income loss while aggravating gender inequalities in terms of the division of unpaid care work, discriminatory behaviours, and potential risks of gender-based violence. It identified several policy areas where systemic support for Lao women returnee migrant workers in informal employment should be prioritised: (1) extension of social protection, (2) national labour market strategy plan, (3) migration-sensitive national action plan, and (4) co-ordination between government and civil society organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a study undertaken across eight Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries in 2019, this article focuses on the persistence of investment in criminal justice infrastructure and mechanisms 20 years after the Palermo Protocol came into effect. We examine the enduring challenges and limitations around counter trafficking responses that remain removed from the lived realities of women migrant workers. Building on qualitative interviews with stakeholders and women migrant workers, we argue that women's protection from migration and labor exploitation and gendered violence remains elusive. This study highlights how counter-trafficking systems undermine women's safety and argues for a move away from siloed trafficking efforts, toward a much broader commitment to upholding women migrant workers' rights and protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decision to work abroad is a unique dynamic for women migrant workers because they have to leave their homes for a long time. The choice is not an easy thing to do. For women in West Java, who are predominantly Muslim, leaving their homes is still a theological and cultural debate as to whether women may work outside the home. Culturally, women are “dulang tinande,” in which they are “not as a determinant” in family life. However, data show that high percentage of Sundanese women work abroad. This fenomenon is interested to be investigated. This research uses a feminist approach to uncover women’s experiences and to recognise women’s voices to be heard related to women migrant workers from West Java. Research shows that these workers have three motives for choosing to work abroad, namely: economic, human capital, and social reasons. Besides, they go through four decision-making processes to become migrant workers: self-stabilization, consultation with relatives, seeking information related to employment agencies (PJTKI), and consulting with Muslim clerics to ask for prayer and safety amulets. This study also found some interesting findings regarding women’s decision to work abroad. First, resilient. They have strong mental endurance by taking immeasurable risks to work in another country. Second, a change in gender relations between women migrant workers and their husbands. Interestingly, the shift in gender relations is temporary.

The purpose of this study is to find information about the law of a wife to be a migrant worker from the perspective of fiqh. This study is qualitative research using library research and uses the fiqh approach. Data sources come from primary and secondary sources. The primary source functions as the main source, obtained by tracing the book of jurisprudence by analyzing the content (content analysis). Secondary sources function to support primary sources obtained through books, journals, and other important documents. The result is that the husband must rethink to permit wives who want to become migrant workers. Changes in Islamic law against migrant workers can occur if they meet the requirements including time, place, intention, and custom. The proof of sadd al-dhari'ah serves to inhibit the rate of sending women migrant workers.

Migration is found to have a significant impact on the socio-economic development of a region or a country. Health is deemed to be central to the social, economic and environmental dimensions of the sustainable development agenda, both as a beneficiary and a contributor. Sustainable development goals recognize the importance and interrelation between health and migration. It considers health as an indicator of ‘people-centred, rights-based, inclusive, and equitable development' (U.N., 2015). The review has aimed at understanding the perceived morbidity and health-seeking behaviour among women migrant workers. This paper encapsulates the relation between climate change and health on women migrants. It is thereby helping to understand the potential health issues faced by female migrant workers as a result of climate change along with addressing their challenges and barrier faced by the female migrants in availing health services. The paper suggests the needed changes to be adopted to help provide better health care facilities for the women migrant workers, thereby being able to reduce the threat of outbreak as well as to improve the public health. The study has both research and policy implications.

Women migrant workers, who make up almost half of the migrant population in Vietnam, have been seeking employment opportunities in order to strengthen their standing both economically and socially. Nevertheless, women migrant workers are exposed to more risks and human rights violations than their male counterparts owing to their binary susceptibility as migrants and women. Compounding this, the existing international (human rights) treaties have yet to afford sufficient legal protection to them. Coming from a third world nation, Vietnamese female migrant workers face a multitude of risks arising from their status. Given the risks that they face, further actions by the Vietnamese Government to comprehensively address the problems related to the protection of migrant workers' rights are needed. Cooperation amongst States in establishing a dialogue and reaching solutions to effectively tackle issues related to women migrant workers is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the work-life (WL) experiences of live-in women migrant domestic workers (MDWs), who represent a significant proportion of migrant workers globally. MDWs play a key role in enabling the work-life balance (WLB) of others, namely the middle-class households that employ them. Yet, their experiences have largely been invisible in mainstream WL literature. The authors draw on an intersectional approach to frame the WL experiences of this marginalized group of women at the intersection of being secondary labour segment workers, with significant legal and employment restrictions as migrant workers, who work and live in the same place as their employers. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 women MDWs from Indonesia and the Philippines working in Malaysia. The women talked about the meaning of work as MDWs, how they maintain familial connections whilst working abroad, and how they negotiate their WLB as live-in workers. Thematic analysis of the interviews focused on the intersection of the women's multiple dimensions of disadvantage, including gender, class and temporary migrant-foreigner status, in shaping their accounts of the WL interface. Findings: Three thematic narratives highlight that any semblance of WLB in the MDWs' lived experience has given way to the needs of their employers and to the imperative to earn an income for their families back home. The themes are: working as MDWs enables the women and their families back home to have a life; the co-existence of WL boundary segmentation and integration in relation to "real" and "temporary" families; and the notion of WLB being centred around the women's ability to fulfil their multiple duties as MDWs and absent mothers/sisters/daughters. Research limitations/implications: The study is based on a small sample of live-in women MDWs in Malaysia, intended to promote typically excluded voices and not to provide generalizable findings. Accessing potential participants was a considerable challenge, given the vulnerable positions of women MDWs and the invisible nature of their work. Practical implications: Future research should adopt a multi-stakeholder approach to studying the WL experiences of women MDWs. In particular, links with non-governmental organizations who work directly with women MDWs should be established as a way of improving future participant access. Social implications: The study underscores the existence of policies and regulations that tolerate and uphold social inequalities that benefit primary labour segment workers to the detriment of secondary labour segment workers, including women MDWs. Originality/value: Extant WL literature is dominated by the experiences of "the ideal work-life balancers", who tend to be white middle-class women, engaged in professional work. This study offers original contribution by giving voice to a taken-for-granted group of women migrant workers who make other people's WLB possible. Moreover, the study challenges WL research by underscoring the power inequities that shape the participants' marginal and disadvantaged lived experience of work, life, family and WLB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buruh Migran Perempuan (BMP/women migrant workers) are national foerign exchange hero for Indonesia. However, after retur ning home, ex-BMPs are usually unable to face social and economic realities. Therefore, they need an organisation to develop and empower thier potential. This research aims to explain how community intervention empower ex-Buruh Migran Perempuan (BMP/women migrant worker) in Lipursari Village, Subdistrict Leksono of Wonosobo District, Central Java. By means of community, this research refers to NGO, local organisation, and government agencies. This study collected data by using observation, interview and archival documents. Primary data were from ex-BMP’s interview who actively engage in MUIWO, while secondary data were from interview with community leaders and Lipursari Villlage’s official docu ments. Data were then analysed by using Rothman’s theory of community intervention to understand patterns and categories of ex-BMP’s empowerment. This research finds community interven tion’s empowerment affect positively for ex-MBPs through three approaches, namely local society empowerment, social plan, and social action. Economic and social empowerment involves several parties, such as individual, groups/community (i.e. Migrant Care, SARI, MUIWO and ISTANA RUMBIA), and government agencies. Economic empowerment includes trainings (i.e. sewing, bridal make up, embroider, and snacks) and setting up business plan. Social empowerments includes advocacy and mentoring exBMPs for capacity building and self development. Buruh Migran Perempuan (BMP) merupakan salah satu kelompok yang disebut pahlawan devisa. Persoalannya, setelah kembali ke Indonesia mantan BMP seringkali diposisikan sebagai pihak yang terpinggirkan (marginal). Hal ini dikarenakan ketidakberdayaan mereka dalam menghadapi tantangan dan realita kehidupan, baik dari segi ekonomi maupun sosial. Oleh karena itu, mantan BMP memerlukan wadah untuk mengembangkan dan memberdayakan potensi yang mereka miliki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan menjelaskan bagaimana bentuk pemberdayaan yang diperoleh mantan BMP melalui intervensi komunitas baik dari lembaga swadaya masyarakat, organisasi lokal, ataupun pemerintah. Peneli tian yang dilakukan di Desa Lipursari, Kecamatan Leksono, Kabupaten Wonosobo ini menggunakan teknik penelitian kualitatif dengan proses pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sumber data primer yang digunakan berasal dari wawancara dengan mantan BMP yang aktif dalam organisasi MUIWO. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan tokoh masyarakat dan penelusuran dokumentasi di Desa Lipursari. Data yang diperoleh, kemudian diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan teori intervensi komunitas Rothman untuk menemukan pola dan kategori pemberdayaan yang diperuntukkan bagi mantan BMP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan melalui intervensi komunitas memberikan dampak positif bagi mantan BMP. Pemberdayaan dilakukan melalui tiga pendekatan, yaitu pengembangan masyarakat lokal, perencanaan sosial dan aksi sosial. Dari tiga pendekatan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa pemberdayaan yang ter jadi meliputi peberdayaan ekonomi dan sosial yang melibatkan individu untuk individu, komunitas untuk individu dan komunitas untuk kelompok. Pada proses pemberdayaan, untuk mencapai tujuan dibutuhkan sinergi antara mantan BMP, komunitas/organisasi (Migrant Care, SARI, MUIWO dan Istana Rumbia) serta pemerintah yang meliputi dinas terkait dalam proses pemberdayaan. Pemberdayaan ekonomi yang diterima berupa rencana usaha dan berbagai pelatihan (kursus menjahit, tata rias pengantin, salon, bordir dan pembuatan makanan kecil). Pemberdayaan sosial diperoleh BMP berupa advokasi dan pengembangan diri mantan BMP.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of digital technology and social networks in post-returning female migrant workers’ social entrepreneurship. This study uses a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews, FGDs, and observations. The results show that digital technology and social networks have an important role in the process of developing entrepreneurship in the villages of origin of the migrant workers. Meanwhile, the challenges are the lack of technological infrastructure, capital circulation, and social marketing strategies in the rural area.

Analysing labour migration through the lens of intersectionality provides valuable insights into the complex identities of women migrant workers and the multiple discriminations they struggle with. Intersectionality advocates argue that only through adopting such an approach can women's multiple discriminations be challenged. Drawing on a case study of seven non-governmental organisations and one focus group of women migrant workers in a non-Western context, Malaysia, we explore how advocacy organisations understand, interpret and adopt an intersectional approach in advancing the rights of its women migrant workers. We show that there are challenges, specific to the local context, which reduce the likelihood of organisations doing so. The Malaysian experience likely has significance for similar advocacy in other Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the embodiment blueprint of ASEAN Community 2015, there are three important elements of the political and security pillar, the pillar of economic, social and cultural pillars. Are assumed to be mutually reinforcing. However, before the ASEAN Community currently limited to realizing economic growth and defense. Women migrant workers issues such precisely NOT SIGN hearts 8 Sector The services will be liberalized. Writing the initials of the Women’s Studies That puts the migrant workers Astra Honda Motor as ISU Main hearts ASEAN Community Discourse 2015. Article Search Google using secondary data analysis approach, cCritical notes the issue of women migrant workers and the opportunities that may be managed critically describe.

This paper was written based onaresearch at the grassroots level which was aimed to look into: (1) the relative position of womenvis-a-visthe process of making policies on the protection of women migrant workers; (2) what efforts women have made; (3) what efforts women can potentially make, based on their current positions; and (4) opportunities and challenges that may arise. In arguing for the importance of women’s empowerment in conducting protection efforts for Indonesian women migrant workers, the research made the activities of three women activists from Paguyuban Seruni in Banyumas, Indonesia the object of analysis. The efforts and roles were identified through in-depth interviews and observations. Through self-development, enriching process and optimal achievement, along with access to education and involvement in the democratization process at the grassroots level, the women activists have made a valuable contribution to the efforts of protecting women migrant workers at the grassroots level. There are limitations and problems that these women have to face, but they all become motivations for them to move forward and actually do something through a process where self and community achievement are interrelated. At this stage of the research, this paper is aimed to showcase the lessons learned and best practices identified from the grassroots level, in the search for efforts worth making, developing and duplicating, with the aim of protecting women migrant workers working in the informal sector. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Social Sciences in China is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines current labour policies directed at unskilled women migrant workers in Singapore. Since the early 1980s, the rationale underlying Singapore's labour policies towards temporary migrant workers has been that of maximizing economic benefits while simultaneously minimizing social and economic costs. But adopting this position has been increasingly difficult because of the persistent abuses these migrants experience. Closer scrutiny of the immigration policies and practices for unskilled women migrants over the last two decades reveals a gradual shift by the Singapore State towards greater seriousness in addressing temporary women migrant worker issues. This paper argues, however, that the resulting policies tend to reinforce placement procedures more than they help to ensure the actual protection and empowerment of these migrant workers. Moreover, any shift in labour policies and practices towards unskilled migrant workers tends mainly to benefit first the State, then the employer and, only last, the worker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Briefing gives an overview of the gendered aspects of women's labour migration, in particular, why women move and how it is linked to development and poverty alleviation. The Briefing further considers how United Nations agencies are promoting the integration of migration and development, specifically through an emphasis on the poverty-alleviating aspects of remittances. It explores the relationship between migration and development, and concludes by advocating for a holistic approach to development, whereby success is measured by an improvement in capabilities, opportunities and rights, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the attempts of four Sierra Leonean women scientists to restructure their lives and professional careers in the wake of changing political and economic conditions in their nation state. I show how their emotional affinities to their country of origin are still strong and influence their scientific practices and commitments to their country of origin. I argue that as transnational migrants, their experiences are shaped by the intersection of inequalities of gender, race, and nation and changing economic, social, and political processes in their countries of origin and destination. These conditions may constrain but also enable them to compete, challenge, and negotiate new spheres of lived experience. The analysis is framed around discourses on the brain drain, the concept of transnationalism, and feminist research on gender and migration. The study is based on semi-structured interviews, using narratives to illustrate the lived experiences and perspectives of the study participants. Issues addressed include (1) factors leading to migration, (2) experiences of race, gender, and nationality, (3) ways of practicing science, (4) navigation of emotional commitments to country of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite intensive HIV education and prevention efforts in the past few years, stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV (PLWH) remain a major barrier to HIV prevention and treatment efforts in Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes regarding HIV and identify correlative factors that impact the perceptions of PLWH among a heretofore overlooked demographic in Vietnamese society: women who are migrant workers in designated industrial zones (IZs). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1061 women migrant workers aged 18 to 29 from January 2020 to November 2020 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH were measured using a four-item scale. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine the factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes. Our findings indicate both substantial levels of stigma persisting among this demographic group as well as the influence of important mitigating factors on the expression of HIV-related stigma. Over seventy-six percent (76.2%) of the participants reported having at least one of the four stigmatizing attitudes. Greater levels of stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH were significantly associated with lower HIV knowledge, lower levels of education, and identifying as Kinh (the ethnic majority in Vietnam). Additionally, this study found that questions framing HIV infection through a familial lens were significantly associated with lower rates of stigmatizing responses. The high overall levels of stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH among the study participants suggests that there is an urgent need for the development of culturally appropriate interventions and outreach education activities to reduce stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH among women who are migrant workers working in the IZs in Vietnam. This study adds to both the existing literature and current efforts and policies around HIV in Vietnam by empirically suggesting that familial-based messaging may be a powerful potential narrative for interventions addressing HIV-related issues such as stigma.