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Prejudicial behaviors toward female journalists are on the rise, yet few instruments are available to measure stereotyping of female journalists. The present work validates a new scale for measuring the prominent sexual stereotype that female journalists have sex with their sources using exploratory (N = 561) and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 580). Results reveal that the proposed scale has a reliable and replicable factor structure that is distinct from measures of sexism and journalist mistrust, attesting to concurrent and discriminant validity. The proposed scale also negatively predicts the credibility of news written by women, which demonstrates predictive validity. Theoretical and practical implications of these results for journalism studies is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines histories of women journalists published in our field's two leading journals, American Journalism and Journalism History, to understand how these women and their work have been described by historians like us throughout the course of their publication. This article argues that much like the women journalists they study, many historians of women journalists have infused their work with "benevolent sexism," a term that describes seemingly positive, yet covertly diminishing language reflective of the neoliberal, individualist, merit-based feminism many female academics have adopted to fit in with a male-dominated academy. Through a sociolinguistic analysis of ninety-five journal articles published about historical women journalists, this article identifies systemic problems in how we write about women and offers practical solutions to improve our work going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted two surveys (in 2016 and 2022) to measure the work satisfaction of Chilean female journalists and applied a face-to-face version of the questionnaire to 146 male journalists. Conducting t-tests to compare means, we found that during these 6 years, work satisfaction by Chilean female journalists decreased soundly and was significantly smaller than that of male journalists. We also found that female journalists are more willing than men to quote sources of their gender and feature them as newsmakers in the news media. Conducting a regression analysis, we found that three independent variables were highly significant as they had a clear effect on the work satisfaction declared by female journalists. They were "perceived autonomy," "gender equality at work" "and having enough female editors or supervisors in their newsrooms." On the contrary, annual wage, work promotion, marital status, age and job status did not appear as relevant variables for women to assess their work satisfaction. Our results confirm that women are more satisfied when they work in an equal workplace, with a low perception of gender discrimination and having enough female editors or supervisors in their newsrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay presents the community and digital social practices with a gender perspective that the Puerto Rican feminist journalist collective TODAS digitally disseminates. Through digital narratives as educational tools for struggle, TODAS questions and combats violence against girls, women, and transgender individuals in Puerto Rico. The work and activism of this collective establish a fruitful dialogue with Caribbean society regarding femicide and the state of emergency declared in Puerto Rico in January 2021. The work of three feminist collectives is highlighted: La Cole, the Feminist Collective under Construction (CFEC), the Observatory for Equity and Gender in Puerto Rico (OEGPR), and TODAS, who have pressured the government and made gender-based violence visible on the island. The TODAS platform is an independent digital journalism outlet in Puerto Rico that seeks to show the unofficial reality of the social crisis facing the country. Its coverage examines a reality that is not accessible through mass media. The platform documents the fight against femicide on the island and advocates for the use of journalism and digital communication as tools to enrich the debate on gender-based violence. Additionally, it is part of Latin American anti-colonial independent journalism and focuses on promoting social interaction and diverse information exchange. The platform also participates in the cyber campaign "¡Cambia ya!" sponsored by the Oxfam foundation, which seeks to transform imaginaries and social norms that reproduce violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean. The article presents specific examples of how digital illustration is used as a marketing and community engagement strategy in Puerto Rico. The "¡Cambia ya!" campaign in Puerto Rico addresses the issue of street harassment and femicide through illustrations and cyber resources. The video "La sombra" produced by Carla Cavina and directed by Stephanie Cavina, with music by Shanti Lalita and a script by Tania Gabriel, uses violet, lilac, and purple tones to represent the Latin American feminist campaign. The animated video portrays the shadow as a symbol of machismo and street harassment, presenting them as normalized and dangerous behaviors. The song uses inclusive language and proposes to eliminate systemic patriarchal violence that ends the lives of women, girls, and transgender individuals in Puerto Rico. The video was used in workshops for young Puerto Ricans on macho violence. The campaign seeks to unlearn toxic social habits and promote change through digital activism with a gender perspective. The document mentions Law 40-2021, which was enacted on August 27, 2021. It also refers to a working group tasked with drafting a protocol for the investigation of violent deaths of women, based on the Latin American Protocol for the Investigation of Femicides. The project for the protocol is requested to be presented before September 17. Additionally, several references related to sexual harassment, femicide, and gender-based violence in Puerto Rico are mentioned. [Extracted from the article]

The study explores the struggles and successes of community media journalists in covering gender issues and violence against women in remote rural areas in India. The article introduces some small-scale community newspapers from the country's hindsight and presents an elaborative case study of Khabar Lahariya that prioritise gender issues in the content. The study records the presence and efforts of Khabar Lahariya in the reporting of gender issues by providing testimonies and examples from the field. The women journalists of the organisation successfully create a discourse around gender issues and bring about change in the Bundelkhand region by covering stories of violence and atrocities against women with their gender-sensitive perspective and unshakable confidence. At the same time, they put their own safety at risk for social change. Interestingly, a documentary film on the struggles of these women journalists has made its entry to Oscar nominations for the year 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study updates and expands the application of stereotyping and professional socialization to music journalism in a way that is generalizable to the United States music journalism industry, and seeks to understand the role women journalists play in counteracting or perpetuating stereotyping of women musicians. A content analysis of 936 articles finds significant stereotyping of women musicians in major US music publications during 2016. The stories, randomly sampled from eight top US publications, were predominantly about men artists and by men authors, and were more likely to discuss women musicians' appearance and relationships, and used more sexualized and emotional language. Improvement was found in that articles were no more likely to discuss women musicians' age and youth than men's. Women journalists were just as likely to stereotype women musicians as men journalists were, and more so in one category. We expand stereotyping by incorporating insights from professional socialization and applying it to the 'soft news' yet male-dominated field of music journalism, adding to our knowledge of hard news fields such as politics, business and sports. It also updates the few studies of music journalism from decades ago, showing little progress in the blatant stereotyping of women musicians [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking an intersectional approach, this study conceptualizes how the complex subjectivities of Ethiopian-Israeli women journalists – who contend with dual exclusion and discrimination (racial and gendered) – emerge in their everyday work experiences. Thematic analysis of narrative interviews with 12 Ethiopian-Israeli women journalists reveals a complicated picture of their professional experience derived from the intersection of their gender and racial identities. They face barriers to integrating into the profession and the challenges of tokenism, but they also find sources of strength in their professional experience through the advantages of Ethiopian femininity and the opportunity to play advocacy roles. I argue that while their societal positioning renders them marginalized within dominant structures, it also allows them to confront oppressive dominant structures. Their journalistic identity empowers them by linking their perceived advocacy role deriving from their marginal Ethiopian identity with their Israeli identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female journalists worldwide still struggle for adequate representation in leadership positions. This study contributes to the (mainly Western) scholarship on gender barriers in journalism by exploring the mechanism of vertical gender segregation in the journalistic profession in the Czech Republic, a non-Western country with the legacy of a women’s emancipation project sponsored by the former communist regime. Semi-structured interviews (N = 17) with female journalists in leadership positions revealed five main barriers: overall gender inequality in the Czech society; family and household responsibilities; lower self-esteem and ambition in women; sexism and sexual harassment; and masculine newsroom culture and “old boys’ clubs.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recherches Sociographiques is the property of Recherches Sociographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is based on an ethnographic study of a women-led journalism startup, identified as a digital and data innovator in North America. Studies of journalism startups have generally focused on growth in the startup space and claims to technological innovation, finding a persistence of traditional norms and practices. Feminist media scholars have not tended to engage in this area of study, focusing more on newsroom sociology and media representations, despite a long history of feminist Science and Technology Studies critique of other technical professions such as engineering and computer science. This study adds to our understanding of journalism startups by situating this ethnography within feminist, postcolonial, and Science and Technology Studies approaches. Our findings suggest the persistence of professional, industry, and economic constraints mapped on to gender, gendered understandings of innovation, and technology in journalism – as well as possibilities to transform them. We argue that gender and colonialism matter in this startup in expected and unexpected ways, from understanding the enduring nature of unexamined power relations within journalism to contributing to re-articulations of important questions of epistemology, method, and moral stance in digital journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018, the news industry found itself in the headlines when it revealed the significant difference in levels of pay between the genders, with some pre-eminent financial publications having the widest pay gaps. This provided a timely opportunity to survey 65 economic, financial, and business journalists – both men and women – working for news outlets in the UK, including the BBC and the Financial Times. The survey explored the values and working practices of business, economic and financial journalists in the UK, as well as their opinions about the gender pay gap. Results show that while women, as expected, are paid less than the men and hold fewer positions of seniority, few expressed opinions about the gender pay gap. Engaging a wide audience and a lack of resources in the industry to be able to do so are the most pressing concerns for the journalists surveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates citizen's views on women's empowerment as a process of change in Niger, the lowest country on the Human Development Index where women suffer widespread gender inequality. It draws on semi-structured interviews with radio and civil society organisation (CSO) representatives and on focus group discussions with radio listeners. By discussing how empowerment is perceived by the three groups, it examines which aspects of life disempower women and what could contribute to an empowering environment. It goes on to analyse how these responses can be used to shape radio broadcasts, to promote further female empowerment. Contributing to journalism, development, and women's studies, the article provides valuable and transferable insights into the understanding of female dis/empowerment, which can be used in other similar developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the manufacturing of the Turkish national identity during the Kemalist single party era, the political discourse on women was shaped around the idea that unlike in the Republican regime, women's roles in the public sphere were ignored in the Ottoman period. This article examines the framing of women in three mainstream newspapers between 1934 and 1937, on the basis of a data corpus collected from the archives with the keywords "Turkish women." Using discourse analysis, the article illustrates how the newspapers were instrumental in imagining a new identity for Turkish women, reproducing a political discourse around it while continuously constructing a binary opposition between the past and the present. The findings show that the framing of Turkish women helped to promote the Kemalist regime's official discourse of women's emancipation and that temporal dimension around the representation of women came forward with regard to the function and contribution of the newspapers' discourses in imagining the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Job satisfaction is an essential construct explaining human behavior in organizations. To fully understand the construct. however, it is necessary to recognize how employees establish satisfaction levels One method has been to explore who employees use as a basis of comparison referent others when establishing their perceptions of equity. which influence satisfaction. This study expanded the body of knowledge associated with satisfaction and sport organizations by using nontraditional participants members of the Association for Women in Sports Media. The referent-selection processes used by these women in determining their level of satisfaction in five specific areas of job satisfaction were compared. The Job Descriptive Index was used to establish satisfaction levels, and a Referent Selection Instrument identified whom the participants used as a basis of comparison. The findings indicate the extent to which the participants made referent comparisons, what comparisons were made, and the relationship between satisfaction and their referent comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current mass communication era, journalists have gained wide and popular recognition as feeders for fast-changing global happenings. The present paper drawing upon a recent larger study conducted to explore women journalists' experiences at the workplace, both within the office and at public spaces where they are deputed on assignments, and its impact on their family lives, narrates the stories in women's own voices. To explore the relationship between both, a survey method was adopted and, for this purpose 200 women journalists were selected. Findings confirm that, in addition to visible and invisible challenges that are globally associated with this profession, women journalists in Pakistan confront gender specific challenges. More surprising than the presence of these challenges is women journalists' reluctance to openly acknowledge their harassment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Pauta Geral is the property of Revista Pauta Geral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a hybrid analysis combining manual content analysis of 9,131 sources in 5,544 news stories across 75 publications, with computational gender recognition producing 551,102 names from 320,228 articles across 125 newspapers. The article investigates the significance of structural features for the presence of women in the news. Results show female sources are only equal to men as ordinary citizens and children, and only in lifestyle content. Among the structural features examined, only local distribution and a circulation less than 5,000 exhibit improvements in female representation. Ownership, distribution frequency, market position, and direct press support had little or no effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns an eye-witness account of the final episodes of a civil war raging in Afghanistan in 1929 by pioneering French international correspondent and grand reporter Andrée Viollis (1870–1950), pen name of Françoise-Caroline Claudius Jacquet de la Verryère), a then well-known author of front-page, banner-headlined articles serialised in the major Paris daily newspaper Le Petit Parisien. She was the first woman reporter to be so engaged in Afghanistan and the sole journalist on the ground in Kabul at the time. The interest of Viollis resides in her exceptional career as a ground-breaking woman in international journalism and as an astute interpreter of the events and geopolitical issues that would become the watersheds of our own day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of dealing with challenges associated with her career as an Orthodox Jewish female journalist.

Given both the historical legacy and the contemporary awareness about gender inequity in journalism and politics as well as the increasing importance of Twitter in political communication, this article considers whether the platform makes some of the existing gender bias against women in political journalism even worse. Using a framework that characterizes journalists’ Twitter behavior in terms of the dimensions of their peer-to-peer relationships and a comprehensive sample of permanently credentialed journalists for the U.S. Congress, substantial evidence of gender bias beyond existing inequities emerges. Most alarming is that male journalists amplify and engage male peers almost exclusively, while female journalists tend to engage most with each other. The significant support for claims of gender asymmetry as well as evidence of gender silos are findings that not only underscore the importance of further research but also suggest overarching consequences for the structure of contemporary political communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual harassment is one of the many forms of gender-based violence that women can face. However, it is a normalized and invisible violence, which is present on a daily basis in all areas of life, including the workplace, where it converges with other forms of violence. Women who practice journalism are not exempt from living this situation, before which they develop different strategies of resistance. Journalists tolerate, avoid or confront sexual harassment on the part of their bosses, colleagues, officials, police officers and others with whom they interact. In this text, we explore these forms of resistance, which in turn represent the way women are constituted as subjects, before the violence that affects them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New York Times's first female financial writer, Clare Reckert, was among the earliest women to break into business reporting. Reckert began her career in 1936 under the byline "C.M. Reckert" to make readers think a man had written the articles. Reckert covered significant business news, including the exclusive news story of Ford Motor's first earnings report when the automaker went public. Scholarship on Reckert's forty-four-year business reporting career is lacking despite recent interest in business reporting and the rise of women covering money. Reckert referred to herself as a financial journalist. However, a content analysis demonstrates that Reckert's work is better defined as business journalism, as Reckert focused on translating the numbers of business into news stories that virtually any reader could digest. A historical look at the development of business journalism and women in journalism also frames this biographical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study considers the coverage of women’s sports and the involvement of women in newspaper sports journalism in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Results of a content analysis (N = 3,382) show that the coverage of, and professional opportunities for, women and men are far from equal in sports media. Further, results of a survey of professional journalists (N = 298) show that despite a widespread acknowledgment of the inequities that exist, male journalists remain significantly less likely than female journalists to report supporting an increased role for women within [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Edith Simcox (1844-1901) was a pioneer in scholarly literary criticism with a rigor of research and logic that are commonly practiced today but innovative then. Along with her essays for the Academy, her writing blazed trails for equal education opportunities and other rights for women. Her articles were motivated by a desire to bring about social change on numerous fronts, to alter the way gender was perceived and prescribed, and to inspire others to be tolerant and open-minded about difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses qualitative interviews with 66 women journalists from print, broadcast, and online media in India, to understand how women political reporters assigned to the political beat negotiate gender issues and organizational and news routines while being effective journalists entrusted to cover matters of policy and enhance political awareness among audiences. Using Shoemaker and Reese’s hierarchy-of-influences model that introduces five levels of influence on news content, this study explores how institutional, news gathering, societal procedures, and professional practices influence the functions of women journalists on the political beat and percolate into the content they produce. The results show that in India’s growing media market, organizational and news routines, as well as the contentious issue of gender, control access to beats, especially the political beat, and percolate into news content produced by women political reporters. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]