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Background: Aggressive behaviour is prevalent in people with intellectual disabilities. To understand the aetiology, it is important to recognize factors associated with the behaviour. Method: A systematic review was conducted and included studies published between January 2002 and April 2017 on the association of behavioural, psychiatric and psychosocial factors with aggressive behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities. Results: Thirty-eight studies were included that presented associations with 11 behavioural, psychiatric and psychosocial factors. Conflicting evidence was found on the association of these factors with aggressive behaviour. Conclusions: The aetiology of aggressive behaviour is specific for a certain person in a certain context and may be multifactorial. Additional research is required to identify contributing factors, to understand causal relationships and to increase knowledge on possible interaction effects of different factors.

Introduction: Families have a significant role in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviors. However, it is not clear how actively families are involved when people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviors are living in out-of-home care. This scoping review explored the frequency and type of family involvement in the application of a person-centered approach in the care for people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviors. Methods: Authors conducted electronic searches through six databases: Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar (2005 to 2019) and evaluated relevant publications. Results: Based on the 15 articles identified, only five articles report on family involvement. In addition, frequency of contact, and how family is involved appears to differ between different person-centered approaches. Conclusion: More active family involvement in person-centered approaches for people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviors is recommended.

Background: Challenging behaviour is a common problem among people with ID and in services for people with ID. This paper aims to provide an overview of the views and preferences of people with ID on challenging behaviour. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen adults with mild to moderate ID and seven proxies (family or close associates of adults with ID who were unable to communicate and/or with severe or profound ID) in the Netherlands. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Results: People with ID and (a history of) challenging behaviour have clear views and preferences on factors related to challenging behaviour, assessments, non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions and health professionals' approach. Conclusions: The identified views and preferences of people with ID are not always in accordance with current procedures and treatments for challenging behaviour and should be included in future care processes and research.

Background: Aggressive behaviour is prevalent in people with intellectual disabilities. To understand the aetiology, it is important to recognize factors associated with the behaviour. Method: A systematic review was conducted and included studies published between January 2002 and April 2017 on the association of behavioural, psychiatric and psychosocial factors with aggressive behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities. Results: Thirty‐eight studies were included that presented associations with 11 behavioural, psychiatric and psychosocial factors. Conflicting evidence was found on the association of these factors with aggressive behaviour. Conclusions: The aetiology of aggressive behaviour is specific for a certain person in a certain context and may be multifactorial. Additional research is required to identify contributing factors, to understand causal relationships and to increase knowledge on possible interaction effects of different factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visual impairment and blindness have a major impact on people with intellectual disabilities (ID). This review aims to provide an overview of their prevalence and issues surrounding detection. Methods: A systematic review was conducted and included 16 studies published between 2002 and 2017 on the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness in people with ID. Results: Reported prevalence of visual impairment ranged from 7%-67%; prevalence of blindness ranged from 0.4%-25%. Age, the level of ID, and the presence of Down syndrome all increased the prevalence of visual impairment. Conclusions: The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness is higher in people with ID compared to the general population. Additionally, all evidence suggests that visual impairment often goes undetected in people with ID. It is therefore important that a more structural approach is adopted to detect visual impairment and blindness in all people with ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]