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The GEOROC database is a leading, open-access source of geochemical and isotopic datasets of igneous and metamorphic rocks and minerals. It was established 24 years ago and currently provides access to curated compilations of rock and mineral compositions from >20,600 publications (>32 million single data values). The Digital Geochemical Data Infrastructure (DIGIS) initiative for GEOROC 2.0 is now building a connected platform capable of supporting the diverse demands of digital, data-based geochemical research: including modern solutions to data submission, discovery and access.One of the challenges for maintaining a high quality, up-to-date database such as GEOROC is consistent data entry. Historically, data were compiled manually from the academic literature by trained curators. This manual data entry process is slow, resource-intensive and prone to errors. Exacerbated by the lack of best-practices or standards for analytical geochemical data reporting, the quality and completeness of data and metadata compiled in this way are highly variable. A possible solution to this challenge is offered by domain-specific repositories: in part driven by demands of some funders and publishers to make all research data publicly available, data producers increasingly publish their research datasets, affording repositories a unique opportunity to impose consistent standards and quality. Following these developments, DIGIS established a domain repository with DOI minting capabilities in 2021 to support independent data submission by authors. In principle, these data submissions may comprise new analytical results as well as compilations of previously published data (“expert datasets”). DIGIS also uses its repository for versioning of the GEOROC data compilations and to provide distinct, citable objects to the researchers that use GEOROC compilations for their work (so-called “precompiled files”, a collection of pre-formatted results of the most popular search queries to the GEOROC database are regularly updated and re-published). However, whilst all data submissions by authors are required to fulfill the scope of the GEOROC database, new analytical data need to meet additional quality requirements: the repository enforces a strict template to ensure consistent reporting of all relevant sample and method/analysis metadata. These templates can then be automatically harvested from the repository directly into the GEOROC database, with the added guarantee that new data entries are a) approved by the owners of the datasets, and b) follow a consistent data reporting and quality standard.To encourage user uptake of both the repository and the compilations available in the GEOROC database, DIGIS is working closely with IEDA2 and EarthChem towards developing a common infrastructure for geochemical data. One goal of this collaboration is a single repository submission platform that asserts the same requirements for data and metadata quality of submitted datasets. In addition, DIGIS has also partnered with GFZ Data Services as their trusted domain repository. Finally, through the OneGeochemistry initiative, all three partners are working towards global community-endorsed best practices for geochemical data publication. Ultimately, these efforts will facilitate greater interoperability between globally distributed geochemical data systems, enabling more user-friendly delivery of data publication and compilation services to the research community.

Zusammenfassung Was wäre wenn eine erneute Covidpandemie im Jahre 2070 zeigen würde, dass eine schnelle Eindämmung deshalb nicht möglich ist, weil die Forschungsdaten aus den Jahren um 2020 nicht nachhaltig gespeichert wurden. Ausgehend von dieser Frage werden Einschätzungen zur Rolle von Bibliotheken für Forschungsdaten entwickelt. Grundsätzlich wird geschlossen, dass Bibliotheken eine besondere Chance haben, einen wichtigen Anteil an der Bewältigung der Herausforderungen im Kontext von Forschungsdaten zu tragen und damit eine neue Identität der Bibliothek zu prägen.

Presented at Goldschmidt 2021, Session 14fO2 Abstract As open access publishing and FAIR data principles (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) become the new standard, geochemical data archives must not get left behind. Free access to up-to-date, scientifically curated data archives that are efficiently connected to the international community are essential. GEOROC is a leading source of geochemical and isotopic datasets, is connected to the ���Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance���, and has facilitated thousands of peer-reviewed publications and new avenues of geochemical research. In the new Digital Geochemical Data Infrastructure (DIGIS) concept of GEOROC 2.0, our goal is to continue and enhance the existing data collection by generating a connected platform that meets future challenges of digital data-based research and provides advanced service to the community. Our approach is to (1) realign GEOROC with current and future demands in digital geochemical research, especially regarding FAIR principles; and (2) identify, develop and recommend good-practice rules for the curation of physical samples linked to the GEOROC 2.0 platform. This includes an interoperable metadata model as well as metadata and data exchange via standardised application interfaces (APIs). ���Digital geochemistry��� not only involves archiving and structuring of geochemical data but also the development of new tools and methods of data analysis. Increasing the accessibility and ease-of-use of open geochemical databases ensures applications in other research areas. For instance, global soil research depends on representative and global coverage of rock substrate analyses. Spectral remote sensing of planetary surfaces requires mineral and rock reference compositions on a planetary scale. Archaeological studies linking artefacts to their provenance are based on knowing the chemical and isotopic composition of potential sources. The DIGIS concept for GEOROC 2.0 includes open access to end-to-end text and data mining, integration of data DOIs, links to a geochemical sample storage system via the International GeoSample Number (IGSN), multi-way data harvesting capabilities as well as state-of-the-art connectivity to other databases. The scientific development of GEOROC 2.0 as well as the re-organisation of its IT infrastructure will allow the database to expand into a more diverse range of geochemical data and thus ensure continued open access to a FAIR database for future Earth science research. Resources DIGIS project website: http://digis.geo.uni-goettingen.de, Funded by German Research Foundation (DFG) through Scientific Library Services and Information Systems (LIS) programme DFG-AZ: WO 362/53-1

In the light of new digital production and dissemination practices, the scholarly publishing system has seen significant and also disruptive changes, especially in STM (science, technology and medicine) and with regard to the predominant format “journal article.” The digital transformation also holds true for those disciplines that continue to rely on the scholarly monograph as a publication format and means for reputation building, namely the Humanities and the Social Sciences with a qualitative approach (HSS). In our paper we analyse the reasons why the monograph has not yet reached its full potential in the digital paradigm, especially in the uptake of Open Access and innovative publishing options. We highlight some of the principal underlying factors for this, and suggest how especially practices, now more widespread in HSS but arising from the Digital Humanities, could play a role in moving forward the rich digitality of the scholarly monograph. peerReviewed

To understand the functioning of brains we must bridge many levels of analysis from molecules, cells and synapses to perception and behavior. Although experimental analysis is a precondition for understanding information processing by nervous systems, it is in no way sufficient. Rather, computer simulations help to tackle problems resulting from dynamics and complexity of nervous systems. It has become common scientific practice in the neural and cognitive sciences to investigate brain function by both experiments as well as model simulations.

Academic libraries are under a severe pressure of transforming towards a novel form of information organization. Book circulation, learning space and licensing digital content continue to be core services. But the sciences and the humanities are increasingly requesting support for their novel publishing activities. Open Access in science or digital editions in the humanities, and data-intensive operations in research, e.g. data management plans, research software support or data curation and preservation services become mission critical. Thus, in order to stay the central partner for academic information within the institution, libraries need to change. But how fast could libraries possibly change, if the existing services were also to be continued, particularly considering that budget increases are rare? Experiences at the State and University Library Göttingen (SUB) shall elucidate opportunities and challenges. Akademische Bibliotheken stehen unter dem starken Druck, sich zu einer neuen Form der Informationsorganisation zu entwickeln. Die Verbreitung von Büchern, der Lernraum und die Lizenzierung digitaler Inhalte sind weiterhin Kerndienstleistungen. Aber die Naturwissenschaften und die Geisteswissenschaften fordern zunehmend Unterstützung für neue Publikationsformate und Kommunikationsformen. Open Access in den Naturwissenschaften oder digitalen Editionen in den Geisteswissenschaften sowie datenintensive Aktivitäten in der Forschung, z.B. Datenmanagementpläne, Unterstützung von Forschungssoftware oder Datenkuration und -archivierung werden geschäftskritisch. Um also der zentrale Partner für akademische Informationen innerhalb der Institution zu bleiben, müssen sich die Bibliotheken verändern. Aber wie schnell könnten sich die Bibliotheken verändern, wenn die bestehenden Dienstleistungen auch weitergeführt werden sollten, zumal eine Erhöhung des Budgets selten ist? Erfahrungen an der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen (SUB) zeigen Chancen und Herausforderungen auf.

Embracing Open Science is critical if we are to make science more collaborative, reproducible, transparent and impactful. Open Science undoubtedly has the power to positively influence society, but its implementation is not yet universal. A revolution is required: one which opens up research processes and changes mindsets in favour of a world where policies, tools and infrastructures universally support the growth and sharing of knowledge. Research libraries are well placed to make that revolution happen, and LIBER's Open Science Roadmap outlines the specific actions libraries can take to champion Open Science, both within and beyond their own institutions. As we explain in detail throughout this document, libraries need to advocate for Open Science locally and internationally, to support Open Science through tools and services and to expand the impact of their work through collaboration and partnerships. LIBER has shaped its 2018-2022 Strategyto support and enable Open Science and it is our hope that this Roadmap will help Europe’s research libraries to do the same. This document was written during spring 2018, when the Open Science Policy Platform (OSPP) produced integrated advice for the EC and key stakeholders. People from across the LIBER community translated the OSPP recommendations for libraries and combined them with suggestions drawn from their own expertise and experiences.

Research data is an essential part of the scholarly record, and management of research data is increasingly seen as an important role for academic libraries. This article presents the results of a survey of directors of the Association of European Research Libraries (LIBER) academic member libraries to discover what types of research data services (RDS) are being offered by European academic research libraries and what services are planned for the future. Overall, the survey found that library directors strongly agree on the importance of RDS. As was found in earlier studies of academic libraries in North America, more European libraries are currently offering or are planning to offer consultative or reference RDS than technical or hands-on RDS. The majority of libraries provide support for training in skills related to RDS for their staff members. Almost all libraries collaborate with other organizations inside their institutions or with outside institutions in order to offer or develop policy related to RDS. We discuss the implications of the current state of RDS in European academic research libraries, and offer directions for future research. peerReviewed

Libraries have served as education and research infrastructures for centuries. In this paper, we will describe major opportunities and future challenges in the context of digital research and the »e-infrastructures« that are required for e-science. We will provide examples of current involvements and focus on the importance of cooperation at local, international, specifically European, and global scale. Bibliotheken fungieren seit Jahrhunderten als Bildungs- und Forschungsinfrastrukturen. In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die Chancen und Herausforderungen von digitalen Forschungsumgebungen und von – fur die sogenannte E-Science benotigten – E-Infrastrukturen erortert. Es werden aktuelle Beispiele beschrieben; auserdem wird aufgezeigt, wie wichtig Kooperation auf lokaler, internationaler, speziell europaischer Ebene in diesem Zusammenhang ist.

Zusammenfassung DARIAH-DE unterstützt Forschung und Lehre in den Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften mit einer digitalen Forschungsinfrastruktur für Digital Humanities-Tools, Forschungsdaten, fachwissenschaftliche Dienste und Services. Um den dauerhaften Betrieb der Forschungsinfrastruktur gewährleisten zu können, strebt das Projekt eine Institutionalisierung mit einer geeigneten Rechtsform, einer nachhaltigen Finanzierung und entsprechenden Governance- und Organisationsstrukturen an.

Ein großer Bereich von Open-Access-Aktivitäten setzt beim nachhaltigen Betriebskonzept auf lokal verteilte, offene digitale Inhaltsspeicher in Bibliotheken und anderen Infrastruktureinrichtungen einer Institution. Inhalte werden also lokal vorgehalten - Wissenschaftlern soll aber selbstverständlich ein global umfassender Zugang auf Inhalte gewährt werden. Suchmaschinen wie OAISTER, BASE oder auch Google Scholar ermöglichen dies derzeit in einem ersten Schritt. Um aber das Potenzial eines verteilten, kooperativen Inhaltsmanagements tatsächlich auszuschöpfen und eine homogene Dateninfrastruktur zu etablieren, muss die lokale Datenhaltung hohen Qualitätsstandards genügen. Besonders in Europa arbeiten lokale Systeme daher in regionalen, nationalen oder internationalen Netzwerken zusammen, etwa DINI in Deutschland oder DRIVER in Europa. Eine homogene Dateninfrastruktur, die Inhalte im offenen Zugriff bereitstellt, ist die Voraussetzung dafür, dass über das Internet Mehrwertfunktionen für Wissenschaftler, etwa Annotation und Begutachtung oder Bearbeitung und Publikation aufgebaut werden können.

Während Informationspraxis in Forschung und Bibliothek früher vom Umgang mit Literatur dominiert war, kommen heute viele neue Werkzeuge zum Einsatz. Office-Produkte, Datenbanken und Online-Plattformen verändern den Alltag in Forschung und Bibliothek und definieren zum Teil völlig neue Felder wissenschaftlicher Informationspraxis, z. B. im Kontext der Bibliometrie, virtueller Forschungsumgebungen oder Forschungsdaten. Der vorliegende Beitrag vergleicht die aktuelle Informationspraxis in der Forschung mit den Schulungsangeboten von Bibliotheken und weist nach, dass sich Forschung und Bibliothek zum Teil voneinander entkoppelt haben und ein zusammenhängendes Angebot zur Vermittlung wissenschaftlicher Informationspraxis am Campus in Gefahr ist. Um ein solches Angebot aufzubauen, wird vorgeschlagen, dass Bibliotheken sich mit Rechenzentren und Fakultäten zusammentun und die Bibliothek als Lernraum und zentralen Ort des wissenschaftlichen Informationsmanagements weiter etablieren. Dabei sollten neue Wege zum Aufbau von Expertise in der Informationspraxis von Bibliotheken beschritten werden, etwa die direkte Beteiligung an wissenschaftlichen Projekten, die Unterstützung von Eigeninitiative des Personals oder gezielte Rekrutierungsstrategien sowie der koordinierte Austausch zwischen Bibliotheken durch Experten und Materialien zu Spezialthemen. --- While information management in research and libraries used to be dominated by the handling of literature, nowadays many new tools are available. The advent of office products, databases and online platforms have not only radically changed the day-to-day work in research and libraries, but in some cases introduced entirely new fields of academic information practice: in the con-texts of bibliometrics, virtual research environments or research data, for example. This article compares current research infor-mation practice with library training courses. It argues that the two have become divergent and that the provision of a coherent range of on-campus academic information practice services has come under threat. Two proposals are made to counteract such trends: firstly, that libraries collaborate with computing centres and academic faculties to establish services that foster infor-mation practices and secondly that libraries continue to estab-lish themselves as centres of learning and research information management. New methods in the teaching of information skills need to be explored, such as direct involvement in academic projects, supporting staff initiatives and targeted recruiting strat-egies, and the coordinated sharing of expertise and materials between libraries. unReviewed

Libraries and archives around the world are acquiring new skills and applying the principles of library and archival sciences to solve challenges and provide new services related to research data management. Librarians are helping researchers address needs throughout the research data lifecycle, for example, by conducting assessments and outreach, consulting on data management plans and metadata, incorporating data into information literacy instruction and collection management, providing reference services to help patrons find and cite data, and providing data publication and preservation solutions. They are creating web guides and tutorials, training colleagues within and outside of the library, contributing to discussions related to research data including policy development and planning, and in some cases, participating directly with researchers on data-intensive projects.

Representations of optic flow are encoded in fly tangential neurons by pooling the signals of many retinotopically organized local motion-sensitive inputs as well as of other tangential cells originating in the ipsi- and contralateral half of the brain. In the so called HSE cell, a neuron involved in optomotor course control, two contralateral input elements, the H1 and H2 cells, mediate distinct EPSPs. These EPSPs frequently elicit spike-like depolarizations in the HSE cell. The synaptic transmission between the H2 and the HSE cell is analysed in detail and shown to be very reliable with respect to the amplitude and time-course of the postsynaptic potential. As a consequence of its synaptic input, the HSE cell responds best to wide-field motion, such as that generated on the eyes when the animal turns about its vertical body axis. It is shown that the specificity of the HSE cell for this type of optic flow is much enhanced if rapid membrane depolarizations, such as large-amplitude EPSPs or spike-like depolarizations, are taken into account rather than the average membrane potential.

Les listes personnelles sur internet de publications sont une source importante d'informations scientifiques. Un etat des lieux identifie quels services d'aide les etablissements de l'enseignement superieur et les bibliotheques peuvent offrir aux chercheurs. Des demandes structurelles et fonctionnelles sont par la suite developpees. Des instruments pour parvenir a etablir un service commun a tous les etablissements de l'enseignement superieur sont indiquees en conclusion.

Les partenaires internationaux du projet DRIVER ont commence d'ouvrir le chemin a une infrastructure partage et publique d'informations scientifiques en Europe. L'acronyme DRIVER veut dire "Digital Repository Infrastructure Vision for European Research". Dix partenaires de huit pays sont entres en cooperation afin de mettre en reseau d'abord plus de 50 memoires du savoir scientifiques diversifies, appeles "repositoires", d'universites et d'instituts de recherche. DRIVER construit ainsi un entourage d'essai pour soutenir le developpement d'une infrastructure scientifique basee sur l'internet a l'espace de recherche europeen. Le role des bibliotheques scientifiques en tant que garants de l'acces aux informations scientifiques dans le developpement progressif du monde digital sera realise pratiquement avec DRIVER.

Raising the head temperature within a behaviourally relevant range has strong effects on the performance of an identified neuron, the H1 neuron, in the visual motion pathway of blowflies. The effect is seen as an increase in the mean amplitude of the responses to motion under both transient and steady-state conditions, a considerable decrease in the response latency and an improvement in the reliability of the responses to motion. These temperature-dependent effects are independent of whether the animal is exposed to transient temperature changes or is maintained continuously at the same temperature for its entire life. The changes in the neuronal response properties with temperature may be of immediate functional significance for the animal under its normal operating conditions. In particular, the decrease in latency and the improvement in the reliability with increasing temperature may be relevant for the fly when executing its extremely virtuosic flight manoeuvres.