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1. Notes

Author

Durand, Francisco, Wolff, Jonas, and Crabtree, John

Published
2023

2. References

Author

Durand, Francisco, Wolff, Jonas, and Crabtree, John

Published
2023

5. Cover

Author

Durand, Francisco, Wolff, Jonas, and Crabtree, John

Published
2023

8. Index

Author

Durand, Francisco, Wolff, Jonas, and Crabtree, John

Published
2023

13. Preface

Author

Durand, Francisco, Wolff, Jonas, and Crabtree, John

Published
2023

16. Robust substrate anchorages of silk lines with extensible nano-fibres

Author

Wolff, Jonas O., Liprandi, Daniele, Bosia, Federico, Joel, Anna-Christin, and Pugno, Nicola M.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Living systems are built of multiscale-composites: materials formed of components with different properties that are assembled in complex micro- and nano-structures. Such biological multiscale-composites often show outstanding physical properties that are unachieved by artificial materials. A major scientific goal is thus to understand the assembly processes and the relationship between structure and function in order to reproduce them in a new generation of biomimetic high-performance materials. Here, we tested how the assembly of spider silk nano-fibres (i.e. glue coated 0.5 micron thick fibres produced by so-called piriform glands) into different micro-structures correlates with mechanical performance by empirically and numerically exploring the mechanical behaviour of line anchors in an orb weaver, a hunting spider and two ancient web builders. We demonstrate that the anchors of orb weavers exhibit outstanding mechanical robustness with minimal material use by the indirect attachment of the silk line to the substrate through a soft domain ('bridge'). This principle can be used to design new artificial high-performance attachment systems.

Published
2022
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17. Dynamic evolution of locomotor performance independent of changes in extended phenotype use in spiders

Author

Wolff, Jonas, speaker and Bates, Karl, moderator

Abstract

Many animals use self-built structures (extended phenotypes) to enhance body functions, such as thermoregulation, prey capture or defence. Yet, it is unclear whether the evolution of animal constructions supplements or substitutes body functions—with disparate feedbacks on trait evolution. Here, using brown spiders (Araneae: marronoid clade), we explored if the evolutionary loss and gain of silken webs as extended prey capture devices correlates with alterations in traits known to play an important role in predatory strikes—locomotor performance (sprint speed) and leg spination (expression of capture spines on front legs). We found that in this group high locomotor performance, with running speeds of over 100 body lengths per second, evolved repeatedly—both in web-building and cursorial spiders. There was no correlation with running speed, and leg spination only poorly correlated, relative to the use of extended phenotypes, indicating that web use does not reduce selective pressures on body functions involved in prey capture and defence per se. Consequently, extended prey capture devices serve as supplements rather than substitutions to body traits and may only be beneficial in conjunction with certain life-history traits, possibly explaining the rare evolution and repeated loss of trapping strategies in predatory animals.

Published
2024
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21. A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space

Author

Jeliazkov, Alienor, Mijatovic, Darko, Chantepie, Stéphane, Andrew, Nigel, Arlettaz, Raphaël, Barbaro, Luc, Barsoum, Nadia, Bartonova, Alena, Belskaya, Elena, Bonada, Núria, Brind’Amour, Anik, Carvalho, Rodrigo, Castro, Helena, Chmura, Damian, Choler, Philippe, Chong-Seng, Karen, Cleary, Daniel, Cormont, Anouk, Cornwell, William, de Campos, Ramiro, de Voogd, Nicole, Doledec, Sylvain, Drew, Joshua, Dziock, Frank, Eallonardo, Anthony, Edgar, Melanie J, Farneda, Fábio, Hernandez, Domingo Flores, Frenette-Dussault, Cédric, Fried, Guillaume, Gallardo, Belinda, Gibb, Heloise, Gonçalves-Souza, Thiago, Higuti, Janet, Humbert, Jean-Yves, Krasnov, Boris R, Saux, Eric Le, Lindo, Zoe, Lopez-Baucells, Adria, Lowe, Elizabeth, Marteinsdottir, Bryndis, Martens, Koen, Meffert, Peter, Mellado-Díaz, Andres, Menz, Myles HM, Meyer, Christoph FJ, Miranda, Julia Ramos, Mouillot, David, Ossola, Alessandro, Pakeman, Robin, Pavoine, Sandrine, Pekin, Burak, Pino, Joan, Pocheville, Arnaud, Pomati, Francesco, Poschlod, Peter, Prentice, Honor C, Purschke, Oliver, Raevel, Valerie, Reitalu, Triin, Renema, Willem, Ribera, Ignacio, Robinson, Natalie, Robroek, Bjorn, Rocha, Ricardo, Shieh, Sen-Her, Spake, Rebecca, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Stanko, Michal, Tejerina-Garro, Francisco Leonardo, Braak, Cajo ter, Urban, Mark C, Klink, Roel van, Villéger, Sébastien, Wegman, Ruut, Westgate, Martin J, Wolff, Jonas, Żarnowiec, Jan, Zolotarev, Maxim, and Chase, Jonathan M

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Ecological Applications, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Life on Land, Animals, Biodiversity, Biota, Plants
Abstract

The use of functional information in the form of species traits plays an important role in explaining biodiversity patterns and responses to environmental changes. Although relationships between species composition, their traits, and the environment have been extensively studied on a case-by-case basis, results are variable, and it remains unclear how generalizable these relationships are across ecosystems, taxa and spatial scales. To address this gap, we collated 80 datasets from trait-based studies into a global database for metaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; "CESTES". Each dataset includes four matrices: species community abundances or presences/absences across multiple sites, species trait information, environmental variables and spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. The CESTES database is a live database: it will be maintained and expanded in the future as new datasets become available. By its harmonized structure, and the diversity of ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, and spatial scales it covers, the CESTES database provides an important opportunity for synthetic trait-based research in community ecology.

Published
2020

22. Author Correction: A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space

Author

Jeliazkov, Alienor, Mijatovic, Darko, Chantepie, Stéphane, Andrew, Nigel, Arlettaz, Raphaël, Barbaro, Luc, Barsoum, Nadia, Bartonova, Alena, Belskaya, Elena, Bonada, Núria, Brind’Amour, Anik, Carvalho, Rodrigo, Castro, Helena, Chmura, Damian, Choler, Philippe, Chong-Seng, Karen, Cleary, Daniel, Cormont, Anouk, Cornwell, William, de Campos, Ramiro, de Voogd, Nicole, Doledec, Sylvain, Drew, Joshua, Dziock, Frank, Eallonardo, Anthony, Edgar, Melanie J, Farneda, Fábio, Hernandez, Domingo Flores, Frenette-Dussault, Cédric, Fried, Guillaume, Gallardo, Belinda, Gibb, Heloise, Gonçalves-Souza, Thiago, Higuti, Janet, Humbert, Jean-Yves, Krasnov, Boris R, Saux, Eric Le, Lindo, Zoe, Lopez-Baucells, Adria, Lowe, Elizabeth, Marteinsdottir, Bryndis, Martens, Koen, Meffert, Peter, Mellado-Díaz, Andres, Menz, Myles HM, Meyer, Christoph FJ, Miranda, Julia Ramos, Mouillot, David, Ossola, Alessandro, Pakeman, Robin, Pavoine, Sandrine, Pekin, Burak, Pino, Joan, Pocheville, Arnaud, Pomati, Francesco, Poschlod, Peter, Prentice, Honor C, Purschke, Oliver, Raevel, Valerie, Reitalu, Triin, Renema, Willem, Ribera, Ignacio, Robinson, Natalie, Robroek, Bjorn, Rocha, Ricardo, Shieh, Sen-Her, Spake, Rebecca, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Stanko, Michal, Tejerina-Garro, Francisco Leonardo, Braak, Cajo ter, Urban, Mark C, Klink, Roel van, Villéger, Sébastien, Wegman, Ruut, Westgate, Martin J, Wolff, Jonas, Żarnowiec, Jan, Zolotarev, Maxim, and Chase, Jonathan M

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020

29. AnimalTraits - a curated animal trait database for body mass, metabolic rate and brain size

Author

Herberstein, Marie E., McLean, Donald James, Lowe, Elizabeth, Wolff, Jonas O., Khan, Md Kawsar, Smith, Kaitlyn, Allen, Andrew P., Bulbert, Matthew, Buzatto, Bruno A., Eldridge, Mark D. B., Falster, Daniel, Fernandez Winzer, Laura, Griffith, Simon C., Madin, Joshua S., Narendra, Ajay, Westoby, Mark, Whiting, Martin J., Wright, Ian J., and Carthey, Alexandra J. R.

Published
2022
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35. Towards establishment of a centralized spider traits database

Author

Lowe, Elizabeth C., Wolff, Jonas O., Aceves-Aparicio, Alfonso, Birkhofer, Klaus, Branco, Vasco Veiga, Cardoso, Pedro, Chichorro, Filipe, Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri, Gonçalves-Souza, Thiago, Haddad, Charles R., Isaia, Marco, Krehenwinkel, Henrik, Audisio, Tracy Lynn, Macías-Hernández, Nuria, Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba, Mammola, Stefano, McLean, Donald James, Michalko, Radek, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Pekár, Stano, Pétillon, Julien, Privet, Kaïna, Scott, Catherine, Uhl, Gabriele, Urbano-Tenorio, Fernando, Wong, Boon Hui, and Herberstein, Marie E.

Published
2020

38. Trust and social movements: A new research agenda.

Author

Weipert-Fenner, Irene, Rossi, Federico M, Sika, Nadine, and Wolff, Jonas

Subjects
SOCIAL movements, ACTIVISM
Abstract

Social movement studies clearly suggest that trust matters for processes of social mobilization: When engaging in costly, and potentially risky, contentious collective action on a common goal, activists and groups rely on the expectation that fellow protestors and allies will not fail them. To date, however, we lack research that explains which types of trust shape the emergence and evolution of social movements. Trust, we argue, is not simply an independent variable influencing mobilization, but is itself shaped—built, stabilized, weakened, or even destroyed—over the course of collective contentious action. To set the stage for a corresponding research agenda, this introduction to the special issue "Trust and Social Movements" bridges the gap between research on trust and social movement studies and clarifies the complex conceptual relationship between various types of trust and the dynamics of social mobilization. Furthermore, we identify overarching research questions, summarize the contributions to the special issue, and discuss key findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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