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Biomass burning (BB) is a major global source of trace gases and particles. Accurately representing the production and evolution of these emissions is an important goal for atmospheric chemical transport models. We measured a suite of gases and aerosols emitted from an 81 hectare prescribed fire in chaparral fuels on the central coast of California US on 17 November 2009. We also measured physical and chemical changes that occurred in the isolated downwind plume in the first 4 h after emission. The measurements were carried out onboard a Twin Otter aircraft outfitted with an airborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (AFTIR), aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), single particle soot photometer (SP2), nephelometer, LiCor CO2 analyzer a chemiluminescence ozone instrument, and a wing mounted meteorological probe., Pub. in Atmos. Chem. Phys., v12 p1397-1421, 2012.

We have measured emission factors for 19 tracegas species and particulate matter (PM2.5) from 14 prescribedfires in chaparral and oak savanna in the southwesternUS, as well as conifer forest understory in the southeasternUS and Sierra Nevada mountains of California. These arelikely the most extensive emission factor field measurementsfor temperate biomass burning to date and the only publishedemission factors for temperate oak savanna fuels. This studyhelps to close the gap in emissions data available for temperatezone fires relative to tropical biomass burning. Wepresent the first field measurements of the biomass burningemissions of glycolaldehyde, a possible precursor for aqueousphase secondary organic aerosol formation. We alsomeasured the emissions of phenol, another aqueous phasesecondary organic aerosol precursor. Our data confirm previousobservations that urban deposition can impact the NOxemission factors and thus subsequent plume chemistry. Fortwo fires, we measured both the emissions in the convectivesmoke plume from our airborne platform and the unloftedresidual smoldering combustion emissions with our groundbasedplatform. The smoke from residual smoldering combustionwas characterized by emission factors for hydrocarbonand oxygenated organic species that were up to ten timeshigher than in the lofted plume, including high 1,3-butadieneand isoprene concentrations which were not observed in thelofted plume. This should be considered in modeling the air quality impacts for smoke that disperses at ground level. Wealso show that the often ignored unlofted emissions can significantlyimpact estimates of total emissions. Preliminaryevidence suggests large emissions of monoterpenes in theresidual smoldering smoke. These data should lead to animproved capacity to model the impacts of biomass burningin similar temperate ecosystems.

This report presents the results of the TNF Survivability and Security instrumentation development whose purpose was to determine the optimum test instrumentation system. Evaluation of TNF Survivability and Security technologies, hardware, and concepts requires field testing in both controlled test environments and simulated tactical environments. Free-play, force-on-force testing and real-time casualty assessment provide the two-sided, free-flowing operational scenarios necessary to determine successfully the resolution of the majority of the TNF Survivability and Security issues.

It is the purpose of this paper to introduce to potential users a new generation of instrumentation designed to acquire and record virtually any information which can be measured electronically. The TNFS3 instrumentation was designed primarily to resolve issues regarding physical security, remote sensing devices, security force response times, etc. However, it is a powerful data acquisition tool that can be used by the behavioral science community to collect human physiology data, under realistic environments and with the participants, and the resulting data, unaffected by heavy or nontransparent instrumentation. The modular hardware and software structure allows the incorporation of new sensors and processing modules with not impact on the baseline instrumentation capability. Additions such as EEG, EKG, blood pressure, and body resistivity can and will be added as their requirements surface. Security force personnel can be tested under controlled conditions and their performance level can be evaluated versus the following: Physical Condition; Intelligence Quotient; Degree of Training Received; Fatigue; Boredom; and External Environment., This article is from 'Proceedings of the Symposium on the Role of Behavioral Science in Physical Security (5th Annual) Held at Gaithersburg, Maryland, June 11-12, 1980', AD-A138 882, p185-193.

This report presents the status of the engineering development phase of the TNFS3 Instrumentation Development effort. Evaluation of TNFS3 technologies, hardware, and concepts required field testing in both controlled test environments and simulated tactical environments. Free-play, force-on-force testing, and real-time casualty assessment provide the two-sided, free-flowing operational scenarios necessary to determine successfully the resolution of the majority of the TNFS3 issues., See also Volume 1, AD-A104 688.

This document contains the integrated results of an in-depth study of the present supply support system, and the development and evaluation of a Consolidated Direct Exchange Supply Point Concept (CDXSP) for Fort Huachuca and Fort Ritchie. This Final Report is organized into the following sections: Section I is the Summary and contains the Introduction, Purpose/Objectives, and Conclusions and Recommendations resulting from the study. Section II contains the results of the DX/Supply Support Baseline task and describes the supply support afforded to the USACC Agencies/Detachments by the Host installation supply organization. The CDXSP Concept is developed in Section III and it contains the information pertaining to the CDXSP organizational structure, personnel, stockage and costs. Section IV, the final section, contains the Comparative Economic Analysis results performed on the present and the CDXSP supply support systems. Supporting data for the above sections are found in appendices at the end of this report. (Author)