20 results on '"Wohlgemuth, S. E."'
Search Results
2. Mitochondrial Complex Abundance, Mitophagy Proteins, and Physical Performance in People With and Without Peripheral Artery Disease
- Author
-
Picca, A., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Mcdermott, M. M., Saini, S. K., Dayanidhi, S., Zhang, D., Xu, S., Kosmac, K., Tian, L., Ferrucci, L., Sufit, R. L., Marzetti, Emanuele, Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Picca, A., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Mcdermott, M. M., Saini, S. K., Dayanidhi, S., Zhang, D., Xu, S., Kosmac, K., Tian, L., Ferrucci, L., Sufit, R. L., Marzetti, Emanuele, Leeuwenburgh, C., and Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983)
- Abstract
Background Mitochondrial abnormalities exist in gastrocnemius muscle of people with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Whether abnormalities in mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy are associated with greater ischemia or walking impairment in PAD is unknown. Methods and Results Protein markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy and the abundance of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes were quantified in gastrocnemius muscle biopsies from people with and without PAD. Their 6-minute walk distance and 4-m gait speed were measured. Sixty-seven participants (mean age 65.0 years [±6.8], 16 [23.9%] women, 48 [71.6%] Black) were enrolled, including 15 with moderate to severe PAD (ankle brachial index [ABI] <0.60), 29 with mild PAD (ABI 0.60-0.90), and 23 without PAD (ABI 1.00-1.40). Abundance of all electron transport chain complexes was significantly higher in participants with lower ABI (eg, complex I: 0.66, 0.45, 0.48 arbitrary units [AU], respectively, P trend=0.043). Lower ABI values were associated with a higher LC3A/B II-to-LC3A/B I (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) ratio (2.54, 2.31, 2.15 AU, respectively, P trend=0.017) and reduced abundance of the autophagy receptor p62 (0.71, 0.69, 0.80 AU, respectively, P trend=0.033). The abundance of each electron transport chain complex was positively and significantly associated with 6-minute walk distance and 4-m gait speed at usual and fast pace only among participants without PAD (eg, complex I: r=0.541, P=0.008; r=0.477, P=0.021; r=0.628, P=0.001, respectively). Conclusions These results suggest that accumulation of electron transport chain complexes in gastrocnemius muscle of people with PAD may be because of impaired mitophagy in the setting of ischemia. Findings are descriptive, and further study in larger sample sizes is needed.
- Published
- 2023
3. Relationship between Mitochondrial Quality Control Markers, Lower Extremity Tissue Composition, and Physical Performance in Physically Inactive Older Adults
- Author
-
Picca, A., Triolo, M., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Martenson, M. S., Mankowski, R. T., Anton, S. D., Marzetti, Emanuele, Leeuwenburgh, C., Hood, D. A., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Picca, A., Triolo, M., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Martenson, M. S., Mankowski, R. T., Anton, S. D., Marzetti, Emanuele, Leeuwenburgh, C., Hood, D. A., and Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983)
- Abstract
Altered mitochondrial quality and function in muscle may be involved in age-related physical function decline. The role played by the autophagy-lysosome system, a major component of mitochondrial quality control (MQC), is incompletely understood. This study was undertaken to obtain initial indications on the relationship between autophagy, mitophagy, and lysosomal markers in muscle and measures of physical performance and lower extremity tissue composition in young and older adults. Twenty-three participants were enrolled, nine young (mean age: 24.3 ± 4.3 years) and 14 older adults (mean age: 77.9 ± 6.3 years). Lower extremity tissue composition was quantified volumetrically by magnetic resonance imaging and a tissue composition index was calculated as the ratio between muscle and intermuscular adipose tissue volume. Physical performance in older participants was assessed via the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Protein levels of the autophagy marker p62, the mitophagy mediator BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), the lysosomal markers transcription factor EB, vacuolar-type ATPase, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 were measured by Western immunoblotting in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. Older adults had smaller muscle volume and lower tissue composition index than young participants. The protein content of p62 and BNIP3 was higher in older adults. A negative correlation was detected between p62 and BNIP3 and the tissue composition index. p62 and BNIP3 were also related to the performance on the 5-time sit-to-stand test of the SPPB. Our results suggest that an altered expression of markers of the autophagy/mitophagy-lysosomal system is related to deterioration of lower extremity tissue composition and muscle dysfunction. Additional studies are needed to clarify the role of defective MQC in human muscle aging and identify novel biological targets for drug development.
- Published
- 2023
4. Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356
- Author
-
Klionsky, D. J., Abdelmohsen, K., Abe, A., Abedin, M. J., Abeliovich, H., Arozena, A. A., Adachi, H., Adams, C. M., Adams, P. D., Adeli, K., Adhihetty, P. J., Adler, S. G., Agam, G., Agarwal, R., Aghi, M. K., Agnello, M., Agostinis, P., Aguilar, P. V., Aguirre-Ghiso, J., Airoldi, E. M., Ait-Si-Ali, S., Akematsu, T., Akporiaye, E. T., Al-Rubeai, M., Albaiceta, G. M., Albanese, C., Albani, D., Albert, M. L., Aldudo, J., Algül, H., Alirezaei, M., Alloza, I., Almasan, A., Almonte-Beceril, M., Alnemri, E. S., Alonso, C., Altan-Bonnet, N., Altieri, D. C., Alvarez, S., Alvarez-Erviti, L., Alves, S., Amadoro, G., Amano, A., Amantini, C., Ambrosio, S., Amelio, I., Amer, A. O., Amessou, M., Amon, A., An, Z., Anania, F. A., Andersen, S. U., Andley, U. P., Andreadi, C. K., Andrieu-Abadie, N., Anel, A., Ann, D. K., Anoopkumar-Dukie, S., Antonioli, M., Aoki, H., Apostolova, N., Aquila, S., Aquilano, K., Araki, K., Arama, E., Aranda, A., Araya, J., Arcaro, A., Arias, E., Arimoto, H., Ariosa, A. R., Armstrong, J. L., Arnould, T., Arsov, I., Asanuma, K., Askanas, V., Asselin, E., Atarashi, R., Atherton, S. S., Atkin, J. D., Attardi, L. D., Auberger, P., Auburger, G., Aurelian, L., Autelli, R., Avagliano, L., Avantaggiati, M. L., Avrahami, L., Azad, N., Awale, S., Bachetti, T., Backer, J. M., Bae, D. -H., Bae, J. -S., Bae, O. -N., Bae, S. H., Baehrecke, E. H., Baek, S. -H., Baghdiguian, S., Bagniewska-Zadworna, A., Bai, H., Bai, J., Bai, X. -Y., Bailly, Y., Balaji, K. N., Balduini, W., Ballabio, A., Balzan, R., Banerjee, R., Bánhegyi, G., Bao, H., Barbeau, B., Barrachina, M. D., Barreiro, E., Bartel, B., Bartolomé, A., Bassham, D. C., Bassi, M. T., Bast, R. C., J, R., Basu, A., Batista, M. T., Batoko, H., Battino, M., Bauckman, K., Baumgarner, B. L., Bayer, K. U., Beale, R., Beaulieu, J. -F., Beck, G. R., Becker, C., Beckham, J. D., Bédard, P. -A., Bednarski, P. J., Begley, T. J., Behl, C., Behrends, C., Behrens, G. M. N., Behrns, K. E., Bejarano, E., Belaid, A., Belleudi, F., Bénard, G., Berchem, G., Bergamaschi, D., Bergami, M., Berkhout, B., Berliocchi, L., Bernard, A., Bernard, M., Bernassola, F., Bertolotti, A., Bess, A. S., Besteiro, S., Bettuzzi, S., Bhalla, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Bhutia, S. K., Biagosch, C., Bianchi, M. W., Biard-Piechaczyk, M., Billes, V., Bincoletto, C., Bingol, B., Bird, S. W., Bitoun, M., Bjedov, I., Blackstone, C., Blanc, L., Blanco, G. A., Blomhoff, H. K., Boada-Romero, E., Böckler, S., Boes, M., Boesze-Battaglia, K., Boise, L. H., Bolino, A., Boman, A., Bonaldo, P., Bordi, M., Bosch, J., Botana, L. M., Botti, J., Bou, G., Bouché, M., Bouchecareilh, M., Boucher, M. -J., Boulton, M. E., Bouret, S. G., Boya, P., Boyer-Guittaut, M., Bozhkov, P. V., Brady, N., Braga, V. M. M., Brancolini, C., Braus, G. H., Bravo-San-Pedro, J. M., Brennan, L. A., Bresnick, E. H., Brest, P., Bridges, D., Bringer, M. -A., Brini, M., Brito, G. C., Brodin, B., Brookes, P. S., Brown, E. J., Brown, K., Broxmeyer, H. E., Bruhat, A., Brum, P. C., Brumell, J. H., Brunetti-Pierri, N., Bryson-Richardson, R. J., Buch, S., Buchan, A. M., Budak, H., Bulavin, D. V., Bultman, S. J., Bultynck, G., Bumbasirevic, V., Burelle, Y., Burke, R. E., Burmeister, M., Bütikofer, P., Caberlotto, L., Cadwell, K., Cahova, M., Cai, D., Cai, J., Cai, Q., Calatayud, S., Camougrand, N., Campanella, M., Campbell, G. R., Campbell, M., Campello, S., Candau, R., Caniggia, I., Cantoni, L., Cao, L., Caplan, A. B., Caraglia, M., Cardinali, C., Cardoso, S. M., Carew, J. S., Carleton, L. A., Carlin, C. R., Carloni, S., Carlsson, S. R., Carmona-Gutierrez, D., Carneiro, L. A. M., Carnevali, O., Carra, S., Carrier, A., Carroll, B., Casas, C., Casas, J., Cassinelli, G., Castets, P., Castro-Obregon, S., Cavallini, G., Ceccherini, I., Cecconi, F., Cederbaum, A. I., Ceña, V., Cenci, S., Cerella, C., Cervia, D., Cetrullo, S., Chaachouay, H., Chae, H. -J., Chagin, A. S., Chai, C. -Y., Chakrabarti, G., Chamilos, G., Chan, E. Y. W., Chan, M. T. V., Chandra, D., Chandra, P., Chang, C. -P., Chang, R. C. -C., Chang, T. Y., Chatham, J. C., Chatterjee, S., Chauhan, S., Che, Y., Cheetham, M. E., Cheluvappa, R., Chen, C. -J., Chen, G., Chen, G. -C., Chen, H., Chen, J. W., Chen, J. -K., Chen, M., Chen, P., Chen, Q., Chen, S. -D., Chen, S., Chen, S. S. -L., Chen, W., Chen, W. -J., Chen, W. Q., Chen, X., Chen, Y. -H., Chen, Y. -G., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -J., Chen, Y. -Q., Chen, Z., Cheng, A., Cheng, C. H. K., Cheng, H., Cheong, H., Cherry, S., Chesney, J., Cheung, C. H. A., Chevet, E., Chi, H. C., Chi, S. -G., Chiacchiera, F., Chiang, H. -L., Chiarelli, R., Chiariello, M., Chieppa, M., Chin, L. -S., Chiong, M., Chiu, G. N. C., Cho, D. -H., Cho, S. -G., Cho, W. C., Cho, Y. -Y., Cho, Y. -S., Choi, A. M. K., Choi, E. -J., Choi, E. -K., Choi, J., Choi, M. E., Choi, S. -I., Chou, T. -F., Chouaib, S., Choubey, D., Choubey, V., Chow, K. -C., Chowdhury, K., Chu, C. T., Chuang, T. -H., Chun, T., Chung, H., Chung, T., Chung, Y. -L., Chwae, Y. -J., Cianfanelli, V., Ciarcia, R., Ciechomska, I. A., Ciriolo, M. R., Cirone, M., Claerhout, S., Clague, M. J., Cl� ria, J., Clarke, P. G. H., Clarke, R., Clementi, E., Cleyrat, C., Cnop, M., Coccia, E. M., Cocco, T., Codogno, P., Coers, J., Cohen, E. E. W., Colecchia, D., Coletto, L., Coll, N. S., Colucci-Guyon, E., Comincini, S., Condello, M., Cook, K. L., Coombs, G. H., Cooper, C. D., Cooper, J. M., Coppens, I., Corasaniti, M. T., Corazzari, M., Corbalan, R., Corcelle-Termeau, E., Cordero, M. D., Corral-Ramos, C., Corti, O., Cossarizza, A., Costelli, P., Costes, S., Cotman, S. L., Coto-Montes, A., Cottet, S., Couve, E., Covey, L. R., Cowart, L. A., Cox, J. S., Coxon, F. P., Coyne, C. B., Cragg, M. S., Craven, R. J., Crepaldi, T., Crespo, J. L., Criollo, A., Crippa, V., Cruz, M. T., Cuervo, A. M., Cuezva, J. M., Cui, T., Cutillas, P. R., Czaja, M. J., Czyzyk-Krzeska, M. F., Dagda, R. K., Dahmen, U., Dai, C., Dai, W., Dai, Y., Dalby, K. N., Valle, L. D., Dalmasso, G., D'Amelio, M., Damme, M., Darfeuille-Michaud, A., Dargemont, C., Darley-Usmar, V. M., Dasarathy, S., Dasgupta, B., Dash, S., Dass, C. R., Davey, H. M., Davids, L. M., Dávila, D., Davis, R. J., Dawson, T. M., Dawson, V. L., Daza, P., de Belleroche, J., de Figueiredo, P., de Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q., de la Fuente, J., De Martino, L., De Matteis, A., De Meyer, G. R. Y., De Milito, A., De Santi, M., de Souza, W., De Tata, V., De Zio, D., Debnath, J., Dechant, R., Decuypere, J. -P., Deegan, S., Dehay, B., Del Bello, B., Del Re, D. P., Delage-Mourroux, R., Delbridge, L. M. D., Deldicque, L., Delorme-Axford, E., Deng, Y., Dengjel, J., Denizot, M., Dent, P., Der, C. J., Deretic, V., Derrien, B., Deutsch, E., Devarenne, T. P., Devenish, R. J., Di Bartolomeo, S., Di Daniele, N., Di Domenico, F., Di Nardo, A., Di Paola, S., Di Pietro, A., Di Renzo, L., Di Antonio, A., Díaz-Araya, G., Díaz-Laviada, I., Diaz-Meco, M. T., Diaz-Nido, J., Dickey, C. A., Dickson, R. C., Diederich, M., Digard, P., Dikic, I., Dinesh-Kumar, S. P., Ding, C., Ding, W. -X., Ding, Z., Dini, L., Distler, J. H. W., Diwan, A., Djavaheri-Mergny, M., Dmytruk, K., Dobson, R. C. J., Doetsch, V., Dokladny, K., Dokudovskaya, S., Donadelli, M., Dong, X. C., Dong, X., Dong, Z., Donohue, T. M., Donohue-Jr, T. M., Doran, K. S., D'Orazi, G., Dorn, G. W., Dosenko, V., Dridi, S., Drucker, L., Du, J., L. -L., Du, Du, L., du Toit, A., Dua, P., Duan, L., Duann, P., Dubey, V. K., Duchen, M. R., Duchosal, M. A., Duez, H., Dugail, I., Dumit, V. I., Duncan, M. C., Dunlop, E. A., Dunn, W. A., Dupont, N., Dupuis, L., Durán, R. V., Durcan, T. M., Duvezin-Caubet, S., Duvvuri, U., Eapen, V., Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D., Echard, A., Eckhart, L., Edelstein, C. L., Edinger, A. L., Eichinger, L., Eisenberg, T., Eisenberg-Lerner, A., Eissa, N. T., El-Deiry, W. S., El-Khoury, V., Elazar, Z., Eldar-Finkelman, H., Elliott, C. J. H., Emanuele, E., Emmenegger, U., Engedal, N., Engelbrecht, A. -M., Engelender, S., Enserink, J. M., Erdmann, R., Erenpreisa, J., Eri, R., Eriksen, J. L., Erman, A., Escalante, R., Eskelinen, E. -L., Espert, L., Esteban-Martínez, L., Evans, T. J., Fabri, M., Fabrias, G., Fabrizi, C., Facchiano, A., Færgeman, N. J., Faggioni, A., Fairlie, W. D., Fan, C., Fan, D., Fan, J., Fang, S., Fanto, M., Fanzani, A., Farkas, T., Faure, M., Favier, F. B., Fearnhead, H., Federici, M., Fei, E., Felizardo, T. C., Feng, H., Feng, Y., Ferguson, T. A., Fernández, Á. F., Fernandez-Barrena, M. G., Fernandez-Checa, J. C., Fernández-López, A., Fernandez-Zapico, M. E., Feron, O., Ferraro, E., Ferreira-Halder, C. V., Fesus, L., Feuer, R., Fiesel, F. C., Filippi-Chiela, E. C., Filomeni, G., Fimia, G. M., Fingert, J. H., Finkbeiner, S., Finkel, T., Fiorito, F., Fisher, P. B., Flajolet, M., Flamigni, F., Florey, O., Florio, S., Floto, R. A., Folini, M., Follo, C., Fon, E. A., Fornai, F., Fortunato, F., Fraldi, A., Franco, R., Francois, A., François, A., Frankel, L. B., Fraser, I. D. C., Frey, N., Freyssenet, D. G., Frezza, C., Friedman, S. L., Frigo, D. E., Fu, D., Fuentes, J. M., Fueyo, J., Fujitani, Y., Fujiwara, Y., Fujiya, M., Fukuda, M., Fulda, S., Fusco, C., Gabryel, B., Gaestel, M., Gailly, P., Gajewska, M., Galadari, S., Galili, G., Galindo, I., Galindo, M. F., Galliciotti, G., Galluzzi, L., Galy, V., Gammoh, N., Gandy, S., Ganesan, A. K., Ganesan, S., Ganley, I. G., Gannagé, M., Gao, F. -B., Gao, F., Gao, J. -X., Nannig, L. G., Véscovi, E. G., Garcia-Macía, M., Garcia-Ruiz, C., Garg, A. D., Garg, P. K., Gargini, R., Gassen, N. C., Gatica, D., Gatti, E., Gavard, J., Gavathiotis, E., Ge, L., Ge, P., Ge, S., Gean, P. -W., Gelmetti, V., Genazzani, A. A., Geng, J., Genschik, P., Gerner, L., Gestwicki, J. E., Gewirtz, D. A., Ghavami, S., Ghigo, E., Ghosh, D., Giammarioli, A. M., Giampieri, F., Giampietri, C., Giatromanolaki, A., Gibbings, D. J., Gibellini, L., Gibson, S. B., Ginet, V., Giordano, A., Giorgini, F., Giovannetti, E., Girardin, S. E., Gispert, S., Giuliano, S., Gladson, C. L., Glavic, A., Gleave, M., Godefroy, N., Gogal, R. M., Gokulan, K., Goldman, G. H., Goletti, D., Goligorsky, M. S., Gomes, A. V., Gomes, L. C., Gomez, H., Gomez-Manzano, C., Gómez-Sánchez, R., Gonçalves, D. A. P., Goncu, E., Gong, Q., Gongora, C., Gonzalez, C. B., Gonzalez-Alegre, P., Gonzalez-Cabo, P., González-Polo, R. A., Goping, I. S., Gorbea, C., Gorbunov, N. V., Goring, D. R., Gorman, A. M., Gorski, S. M., Goruppi, S., Goto-Yamada, S., Gotor, C., Gottlieb, R. A., Gozes, I., Gozuacik, D., Graba, Y., Graef, M., Granato, G. E., Grant, G. D., Grant, S., Gravina, G. L., Green, D. R., Greenhough, A., Greenwood, M. T., Grimaldi, B., Gros, F., Grose, C., Groulx, J. -F., Gruber, F., Grumati, P., Grune, T., Guan, J. -L., Guan, K. -L., Guerra, B., Guillen, C., Gulshan, K., Gunst, J., Guo, C., Guo, L., Guo, M., Guo, W., Guo, X. -G., Gust, A. A., Gustafsson, Å. B., Gutierrez, E., Gutierrez, M. G., Gwak, H. -S., Haas, A., Haber, J. E., Hadano, S., Hagedorn, M., Hahn, D. R., Halayko, A. J., Hamacher-Brady, A., Hamada, K., Hamai, A., Hamann, A., Hamasaki, M., Hamer, I., Hamid, Q., Hammond, E. M., Han, F., Han, W., Handa, J. T., Hanover, J. A., Hansen, M., Harada, M., Harhaji-Trajkovic, L., Harper, J. W., Harrath, A. H., Harris, A. L., Harris, J., Hasler, U., Hasselblatt, P., Hasui, K., Hawley, R. G., Hawley, T. S., He, C., C. Y., He, He, F., He, G., R. -R., He, X. -H., He, Y. -W., He, Y. -Y., He, Heath, J. K., Hébert, M. -J., Heinzen, R. A., Helgason, G. V., Hensel, M., Henske, E. P., Her, C., Herman, P. K., Hernández, A., Hernandez, C., Hernández-Tiedra, S., Hetz, C., Hiesinger, P. R., Higaki, K., Hilfiker, S., Hill, B. G., Hill, J. A., Hill, W. D., Hino, K., Hofius, D., Hofman, P., Höglinger, G. U., Höhfeld, J., Holz, M. K., Hong, Y., Hood, D. A., Hoozemans, J. J. M., Hoppe, T., Hsu, C., Hsu, C. -Y., Hsu, L. -C., Hu, D., Hu, G., H. -M., Hu, Hu, H., M. C., Hu, Y. -C., Hu, Z. -W., Hu, Hua, F., Hua, Y., Huang, C., Huang, H. -L., Huang, K. -H., Huang, K. -Y., Huang, S., Huang, W. -P., Huang, Y. -R., Huang, Y., Huber, T. B., Huebbe, P., Huh, W. -K., Hulmi, J. J., Hur, G. M., Hurley, J. H., Husak, Z., Hussain, S. N. A., Hussain, S., Hwang, J. J., Hwang, S., Hwang, T. I. S., Ichihara, A., Imai, Y., Imbriano, C., Inomata, M., Into, T., Iovane, V., Iovanna, J. L., Iozzo, R. V., N. Y., Ip, Irazoqui, J. E., Iribarren, P., Isaka, Y., Isakovic, A. J., Ischiropoulos, H., Isenberg, J. S., Ishaq, M., Ishida, H., Ishii, I., Ishmael, J. E., Isidoro, C., Isobe, K. -I., Isono, E., Issazadeh-Navikas, S., Itahana, K., Itakura, E., Ivanov, A. I., Iyer, A. K. V., Izquierdo, J. M., Izumi, Y., Izzo, V., Jäättelä, M., Jaber, N., Jackson, D. J., Jackson, W. T., Jacob, T. G., Jacques, T. S., Jagannath, C., Jain, A., Jana, N. R., Jang, B. K., Jani, A., Janji, B., Jannig, P. R., Jansson, P. J., Jean, S., Jendrach, M., Jeon, J. -H., Jessen, N., Jeung, E. -B., Jia, K., Jia, L., Jiang, H., Jiang, L., Jiang, T., Jiang, X., Jiang, Y., Jiménez, A., Jin, C., Jin, H., Jin, L., Jin, M., Jin, S., Jinwal, U. K., E. -K., Jo, Johansen, T., Johnson, D. E., Johnson, G. V. W., Johnson, J. D., Jonasch, E., Jones, C., Joosten, L. A. B., Jordan, J., Joseph, A. -M., Joseph, B., Joubert, A. M., Ju, D., Ju, J., Juan, H. -F., Juenemann, K., Juhász, G., Jung, H. S., Jung, J. U., Jung, Y. -K., Jungbluth, H., Justice, M. J., Jutten, B., Kaakoush, N. O., Kaarniranta, K., Kaasik, A., Kabuta, T., Kaeffer, B., Kågedal, K., Kahana, A., Kajimura, S., Kakhlon, O., Kalia, M., Kalvakolanu, D. V., Kamada, Y., Kambas, K., Kaminskyy, V. O., Kampinga, H. H., Kandouz, M., Kang, C., Kang, R., Kang, T. -C., Kanki, T., Kanneganti, T. -D., Kanno, H., Kanthasamy, A. G., Kantorow, M., Kaparakis-Liaskos, M., Kapuy, O., Karantza, V., Karim, M. R., Karmakar, P., Kaser, A., Kaushik, S., Kawula, T., Kaynar, A. M., P. -Y., Ke, Z. -J., Ke, Kehrl, J. H., Keller, K. E., Kemper, J. K., Kenworthy, A. K., Kepp, O., Kern, A., Kesari, S., Kessel, D., Ketteler, R., Kettelhut, I. C., Khambu, B., Khan, M. M., Khandelwal, V. K. M., Khare, S., Kiang, J. G., Kiger, A. A., Kihara, A., Kim, A. L., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. R., Kim, D. -H., Kim, E. K., Kim, H. Y., Kim, H. -R., Kim, J. -S., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. C., Kim, K. W., Kim, M. D., Kim, M. -M., Kim, P. K., Kim, S. W., Kim, S. -Y., Kim, Y. -S., Kim, Y., Kimchi, A., Kimmelman, A. C., Kimura, T., King, J. S., Kirkegaard, K., Kirkin, V., Kirshenbaum, L. A., Kishi, S., Kitajima, Y., Kitamoto, K., Kitaoka, Y., Kitazato, K., Kley, R. A., Klimecki, W. T., Klinkenberg, M., Klucken, J., Knævelsrud, H., Knecht, E., Knuppertz, L., J. -L., Ko, Kobayashi, S., Koch, J. C., Koechlin-Ramonatxo, C., Koenig, U., Koh, Y. H., Köhler, K., Kohlwein, S. D., Koike, M., Komatsu, M., Kominami, E., Kong, D., Kong, H. J., Konstantakou, E. G., Kopp, B. T., Korcsmaros, T., Korhonen, L., Korolchuk, V. I., Koshkina, N. V., Kou, Y., Koukourakis, M. I., Koumenis, C., Kovács, A. L., Kovács, T., Kovacs, W. J., Koya, D., Kraft, C., Krainc, D., Kramer, H., Kravic-Stevovic, T., Krek, W., Kretz-Remy, C., Krick, R., Krishnamurthy, M., Kriston-Vizi, J., Kroemer, G., Kruer, M. C., Kruger, R., Ktistakis, N. T., Kuchitsu, K., Kuhn, C., Kumar, A. P., Kumar, A., Kumar, D., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Kundu, M., Kung, H. -J., Kuno, A., Kuo, S. -H., Kuret, J., Kurz, T., Kwok, T., Kwon, T. K., Kwon, Y. T., Kyrmizi, I., La Spada, A. R., Lafont, F., Lahm, T., Lakkaraju, A., Lam, T., Lamark, T., Lancel, S., Landowski, T. H., Lane, D. J. R., Lane, J. D., Lanzi, C., Lapaquette, P., Lapierre, L. R., Laporte, J., Laukkarinen, J., Laurie, G. W., Lavandero, S., Lavie, L., Lavoie, M. J., Law, B. Y. K., Law, H. K. -W., Law, K. B., Layfield, R., Lazo, P. A., Le Cam, L., Le Roch, K. G., Le Stunff, H., Leardkamolkarn, V., Lecuit, M., Lee, B. -H., Lee, C. -H., Lee, E. F., Lee, G. M., Lee, H. -J., Lee, H., Lee, J. K., Lee, J., Lee, J. -H., Lee, J. H., Lee, M., Lee, M. -S., Lee, P. J., Lee, S. W., Lee, S. -J., Lee, S. Y., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. S., Lee, S., Lee, Y. -R., Lee, Y. J., Lee, Y. H., Leeuwenburgh, C., Lefort, S., Legouis, R., Lei, J., Lei, Q. -Y., Leib, D. A., Leibowitz, G., Lekli, I., Lemaire, S. D., Lemasters, J. J., Lemberg, M. K., Lemoine, A., Leng, S., Lenz, G., Lenzi, P., Lerman, L. O., Barbato, D. L., Leu, J. I. J., Leung, H. Y., Levine, B., Lewis, P. A., Lezoualch, F., Li, C., Li, F., F. -J., Li, Li, J., Li, K., Li, L., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, R., Li, S., Li, W., Li, X., Li, Y., Lian, J., Liang, C., Liang, Q., Liao, Y., Liberal, J., Liberski, P. P., Lie, P., Lieberman, A. P., Lim, H. J., Lim, K. -L., Lim, K., Lima, R. T., Lin, C. -S., Lin, C. -F., Lin, F., Lin, F. -C., Lin, K., Lin, K. -H., Lin, P. -H., Lin, T., Lin, W. -W., Lin, Y. -S., Lin, Y., Linden, R., Lindholm, D., Lindqvist, L. M., Lingor, P., Linkermann, A., Liotta, L. A., Lipinski, M. M., Lira, V. A., Lisanti, M. P., Liton, P. B., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, C. -F., Liu, F., Liu, H. -J., Liu, J., Liu, J. -J., Liu, J. -L., Liu, K., Liu, L., Liu, Q., Liu, R. -Y., Liu, S., Liu, W., Liu, X. -D., Liu, X., Liu, X. -H., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Liuzzi, J. P., Lizard, G., Ljujic, M., Lodhi, I. J., Logue, S. E., Lokeshwar, B. L., Long, Y. C., Lonial, S., Loos, B., López-Otín, C., López-Vicario, C., Lorente, M., Lorenzi, P. L., Lõrincz, P., Los, M., Lotze, M. T., Lovat, P. E., Lu, B., Lu, J., Lu, Q., S. -M., Lu, Lu, S., Lu, Y., Luciano, F., Luckhart, S., Lucocq, J. M., Ludovico, P., Lugea, A., Lukacs, N. W., Lum, J. J., Lund, A. H., Luo, H., Luo, J., Luo, S., Luparello, C., Lyons, T., Ma, J., Ma, Y., Ma, Z., Machado, J., Machado-Santelli, G. M., Macian, F., Macintosh, G. C., Mackeigan, J. P., Macleod, K. F., Macmicking, J. D., MacMillan-Crow, L. A., Madeo, F., Madesh, M., Madrigal-Matute, J., Maeda, A., Maeda, T., Maegawa, G., Maellaro, E., Maes, H., Magariños, M., Maiese, K., Maiti, T. K., Maiuri, L., Maiuri, M. C., Maki, C. G., Malli, R., Malorni, W., Maloyan, A., Mami-Chouaib, F., Man, N., Mancias, J. D., Mandelkow, E. -M., Mandell, M. A., Manfredi, A. A., Manié, S. N., Manzoni, C., Mao, K., Mao, Z., Mao, Z. -W., Marambaud, P., Marconi, A. M., Marelja, Z., Marfe, G., Margeta, M., Margittai, E., Mari, M., Mariani, F. V., Marin, C., Marinelli, S., Mariño, G., Markovic, I., Marquez, R., Martelli, A. M., Martens, S., Martin, K. R., Martin, S. J., Martin, S., Martin-Acebes, M. A., Martín-Sanz, P., Martinand-Mari, C., Martinet, W., Martinez, J., Martinez-Lopez, N., Martinez-Outschoorn, U., Martínez-Velázquez, M., Martinez-Vicente, M., Martins, W. K., Mashima, H., Mastrianni, J. A., Matarese, G., Matarrese, P., Mateo, R., Matoba, S., Matsumoto, N., Matsushita, T., Matsuura, A., Matsuzawa, T., Mattson, M. P., Matus, S., Maugeri, N., Mauvezin, C., Mayer, A., Maysinger, D., Mazzolini, G. D., Mcbrayer, M. K., Mccall, K., Mccormick, C., Mcinerney, G. M., Mciver, S. C., Mckenna, S., Mcmahon, J. J., Mcneish, I. A., Mechta-Grigoriou, F., Medema, J. P., Medina, D. L., Megyeri, K., Mehrpour, M., Mehta, J. L., Mei, Y., Meier, U. -C., Meijer, A. J., Meléndez, A., Melino, G., Melino, S., de Melo, E. J. T., Mena, M. A., Meneghini, M. D., Menendez, J. A., Menezes, R., Meng, L., Meng, L. -H., Meng, S., Menghini, R., Menko, A. S., Menna-Barreto, R. F. S., Menon, M. B., Meraz-Ríos, M. A., Merla, G., Merlini, L., Merlot, A. M., Meryk, A., Meschini, S., Meyer, J. N., M. -T., Mi, Miao, C. -Y., Micale, L., Michaeli, S., Michiels, C., Migliaccio, A. R., Mihailidou, A. S., Mijaljica, D., Mikoshiba, K., Milan, E., Miller-Fleming, L., Mills, G. B., Mills, I. G., Minakaki, G., Minassian, B. A., Ming, X. -F., Minibayeva, F., Minina, E. A., Mintern, J. D., Minucci, S., Miranda-Vizuete, A., Mitchell, C. H., Miyamoto, S., Miyazawa, K., Mizushima, N., Mnich, K., Mograbi, B., Mohseni, S., Moita, L. F., Molinari, M., Møller, A. B., Mollereau, B., Mollinedo, F., Mongillo, M., Monick, M. M., Montagnaro, S., Montell, C., Moore, D. J., Moore, M. N., Mora-Rodriguez, R., Moreira, P. I., Morel, E., Morelli, M. B., Moreno, S., Morgan, M. J., Moris, A., Moriyasu, Y., Morrison, J. L., Morrison, L. A., Morselli, E., Moscat, J., Moseley, P. L., Mostowy, S., Motori, E., Mottet, D., Mottram, J. C., Moussa, C. E. -H., Mpakou, V. E., Mukhtar, H., Levy, J. M. M., Muller, S., Muñoz-Moreno, R., Muñoz-Pinedo, C., Münz, C., Murphy, M. E., Murray, J. T., Murthy, A., Mysorekar, I. U., Nabi, I. R., Nabissi, M., Nader, G. A., Nagahara, Y., Nagai, Y., Nagata, K., Nagelkerke, A., Nagy, P., Naidu, S. R., Nair, S., Nakano, H., Nakatogawa, H., Nanjundan, M., Napolitano, G., Naqvi, N. I., Nardacci, R., Narendra, D. P., Narita, M., Nascimbeni, A. C., Natarajan, R., Navegantes, L. C., Nawrocki, S. T., Nazarko, T. Y., Nazarko, V. Y., Neill, T., Neri, L. M., Netea, M. G., Netea-Maier, R. T., Neves, B. M., Ney, P. A., Nezis, I. P., Nguyen, H. T. T., Nguyen, H. P., Nicot, A. -S., Nilsen, H., Nilsson, P., Nishimura, M., Nishino, I., Niso-Santano, M., Niu, H., Nixon, R. A., Njar, V. C. O., Noda, T., Noegel, A. A., Nolte, E. M., Norberg, E., Norga, K. K., Noureini, S. K., Notomi, S., Notterpek, L., Nowikovsky, K., Nukina, N., Nürnberger, T., O'Donnell, V. B., O'Donovan, T., O'Dwyer, P. J., Oehme, I., Oeste, C. L., Ogawa, M., Ogretmen, B., Ogura, Y., Y. J., Oh, Ohmuraya, M., Ohshima, T., Ojha, R., Okamoto, K., Okazaki, T., Oliver, F. J., Ollinger, K., Olsson, S., Orban, D. P., Ordonez, P., Orhon, I., Orosz, L., O'Rourke, E. J., Orozco, H., Ortega, A. L., Ortona, E., Osellame, L. D., Oshima, J., Oshima, S., Osiewacz, H. D., Otomo, T., Otsu, K., J. -H. J., Ou, Outeiro, T. F., Ouyang, D. -Y., Ouyang, H., Overholtzer, M., Ozbun, M. A., Ozdinler, P. H., Ozpolat, B., Pacelli, C., Paganetti, P., Page, G., Pages, G., Pagnini, U., Pajak, B., Pak, S. C., Pakos-Zebrucka, K., Pakpour, N., Palková, Z., Palladino, F., Pallauf, K., Pallet, N., Palmieri, M., Paludan, S. R., Palumbo, C., Palumbo, S., Pampliega, O., Pan, H., Pan, W., Panaretakis, T., Pandey, A., Pantazopoulou, A., Papackova, Z., Papademetrio, D. L., Papassideri, I., Papini, A., Parajuli, N., Pardo, J., Parekh, V. V., Parenti, G., Park, J. -I., Park, J., Park, O. K., Parker, R., Parlato, R., Parys, J. B., Parzych, K. R., Pasquet, J. -M., Pasquier, B., Pasumarthi, K. B. S., Patterson, C., Pattingre, S., Pattison, S., Pause, A., Pavenstädt, H., Pavone, F., Pedrozo, Z., Peña, F. J., Peñalva, M. A., Pende, M., Peng, J., Penna, F., Penninger, J. M., Pensalfini, A., Pepe, S., Pereira, G. J. S., Pereira, P. C., de la Cruz, V. P., Pérez-Pérez, M. E., Pérez-Rodríguez, D., Pérez-Sala, D., Perier, C., Perl, A., Perlmutter, D. H., Perrotta, I., Pervaiz, S., Pesonen, M., Pessin, J. E., Peters, G. J., Petersen, M., Petrache, I., Petrof, B. J., Petrovski, G., Phang, J. M., Piacentini, M., Pierdominici, M., Pierre, P., Pierrefite-Carle, V., Pietrocola, F., Pimentel-Muiños, F. X., Pinar, M., Pineda, B., Pinkas-Kramarski, R., Pinti, M., Pinton, P., Piperdi, B., Piret, J. M., Platanias, L. C., Platta, H. W., Plowey, E. D., Pöggeler, S., Poirot, M., Polčic, P., Poletti, A., Poon, A. H., Popelka, H., Popova, B., Poprawa, I., Poulose, S. M., Poulton, J., Powers, S. K., Powers, T., Pozuelo-Rubio, M., Prak, K., Prange, R., Prescott, M., Priault, M., Prince, S., Proia, R. L., Proikas-Cezanne, T., Prokisch, H., Promponas, V. J., Przyklenk, K., Puertollano, R., Pugazhenthi, S., Puglielli, L., Pujol, A., Puyal, J., Pyeon, D., Qi, X., Qian, W. -B., Qin, Z. -H., Qiu, Y., Qu, Z., Quadrilatero, J., Quinn, F., Raben, N., Rabinowich, H., Radogna, F., Ragusa, M. J., Rahmani, M., Raina, K., Ramanadham, S., Ramesh, R., Rami, A., Randall-Demllo, S., Randow, F., Rao, H., Rao, V. A., Rasmussen, B. B., Rasse, T. M., Ratovitski, E. A., Rautou, P. -E., Ray, S. K., Razani, B., Reed, B. H., Reggiori, F., Rehm, M., Reichert, A. S., Rein, T., Reiner, D. J., Reits, E., Ren, J., Ren, X., Renna, M., Reusch, J. E. B., Revuelta, J. L., Reyes, L., Rezaie, A. R., Richards, R. I., Richardson, R., Richetta, C., Riehle, M. A., Rihn, B. H., Rikihisa, Y., Riley, B. E., Rimbach, G., Rippo, M. R., Ritis, K., Rizzi, F., Rizzo, E., Roach, P. J., Robbins, J., Roberge, M., Roca, G., Roccheri, M. C., Rocha, S., Rodrigues, C. M. P., Rodríguez, C. I., de Cordoba, S. R., Rodriguez-Muela, N., Roelofs, J., Rogov, V. V., Rohn, T. T., Rohrer, B., Romanelli, D., Romani, L., Romano, P. S., Roncero, M. I. G., Rosa, J. L., Rosello, A., Rosen, K. V., Rosenstiel, P., Rost-Roszkowska, M., Roth, K. A., Roué, G., Rouis, M., Rouschop, K. M., Ruan, D. T., Ruano, D., Rubinsztein, D. C., Rucker, E. B., Iii, Rudich, A., Rudolf, E., Rudolf, R., Ruegg, M. A., Ruiz-Roldan, C., Ruparelia, A. A., Rusmini, P., Russ, D. W., Russo, G. L., Russo, G., Russo, R., Rusten, T. E., Ryabovol, V., Ryan, K. M., Ryter, S. W., Sabatini, D. M., Sacher, M., Sachse, C., Sack, M. N., Sadoshima, J., Saftig, P., Sagi-Eisenberg, R., Sahni, S., Saikumar, P., Saito, T., Saitoh, T., Sakakura, K., Sakoh-Nakatogawa, M., Sakuraba, Y., Salazar-Roa, M., Salomoni, P., Saluja, A. K., Salvaterra, P. M., Salvioli, R., Samali, A., Sanchez, A. M. J., Sánchez-Alcázar, J. A., Sanchez-Prieto, R., Sandri, M., Sanjuan, M. A., Santaguida, S., Santambrogio, L., Santoni, G., Dos Santos, C. N., Saran, S., Sardiello, M., Sargent, G., Sarkar, P., Sarkar, S., Sarrias, M. R., Sarwal, M. M., Sasakawa, C., Sasaki, M., Sass, M., Sato, K., Sato, M., Satriano, J., Savaraj, N., Saveljeva, S., Schaefer, L., Schaible, U. E., Scharl, M., Schatzl, H. M., Schekman, R., Scheper, W., Schiavi, A., Schipper, H. M., Schmeisser, H., Schmidt, J., Schmitz, I., Schneider, B. E., Schneider, E. M., Schneider, J. L., Schon, E. A., Schönenberger, M. J., Schönthal, A. H., Schorderet, D. F., Schröder, B., Schuck, S., Schulze, R. J., Schwarten, M., Schwarz, T. L., Sciarretta, S., Scotto, K., Scovassi, A. I., Screaton, R. A., Screen, M., Seca, H., Sedej, S., Segatori, L., Segev, N., Seglen, P. O., Seguí-Simarro, J. M., Segura-Aguilar, J., Seiliez, I., Seki, E., Sell, C., Semenkovich, C. F., Semenza, G. L., Sen, U., Serra, A. L., Serrano-Puebla, A., Sesaki, H., Setoguchi, T., Settembre, C., Shacka, J. J., Shajahan-Haq, A. N., Shapiro, I. M., Sharma, S., She, H., Shen, C. -K. J., Shen, C. -C., Shen, H. -M., Shen, S., Shen, W., Sheng, R., Sheng, X., Sheng, Z. -H., Shepherd, T. G., Shi, J., Shi, Q., Shi, Y., Shibutani, S., Shibuya, K., Shidoji, Y., Shieh, J. -J., Shih, C. -M., Shimada, Y., Shimizu, S., Shin, D. W., Shinohara, M. L., Shintani, M., Shintani, T., Shioi, T., Shirabe, K., Shiri-Sverdlov, R., Shirihai, O., Shore, G. C., Shu, C. -W., Shukla, D., Sibirny, A. A., Sica, V., Sigurdson, C. J., Sigurdsson, E. M., Sijwali, P. S., Sikorska, B., Silveira, W. A., Silvente-Poirot, S., Silverman, G. A., Simak, J., Simmet, T., Simon, A. K., Simon, H. -U., Simone, C., Simons, M., Simonsen, A., Singh, R., Singh, S. V., Singh, S. K., Sinha, D., Sinha, S., Sinicrope, F. A., Sirko, A., Sirohi, K., Sishi, B. J. N., Sittler, A., Siu, P. M., Sivridis, E., Skwarska, A., Slack, R., Slaninová, I., Slavov, N., Smaili, S. S., Smalley, K. S. M., Smith, D. R., Soenen, S. J., Soleimanpour, S. A., Solhaug, A., Somasundaram, K., Son, J. H., Sonawane, A., Song, C., Song, F., Song, H. K., Song, J. -X., Song, W., Soo, K. Y., Sood, A. K., Soong, T. W., Soontornniyomkij, V., Sorice, M., Sotgia, F., Soto-Pantoja, D. R., Sotthibundhu, A., Sousa, M. J., Spaink, H. P., Span, P. N., Spang, A., Sparks, J. D., Speck, P. G., Spector, S. A., Spies, C. D., Springer, W., Clair, D. S., Stacchiotti, A., Staels, B., Stang, M. T., Starczynowski, D. T., Starokadomskyy, P., Steegborn, C., Steele, J. W., Stefanis, L., Steffan, J., Stellrecht, C. M., Stenmark, H., Stepkowski, T. M., Stern, S. T., Stevens, C., Stockwell, B. R., Stoka, V., Storchova, Z., Stork, B., Stratoulias, V., Stravopodis, D. J., Strnad, P., Strohecker, A. M., Ström, A. -L., Stromhaug, P., Stulik, J., Y. -X., Su, Su, Z., Subauste, C. S., Subramaniam, S., Sue, C. M., Suh, S. W., Sui, X., Sukseree, S., Sulzer, D., Sun, F. -L., Sun, J., Sun, S. -Y., Sun, Y., Sundaramoorthy, V., Sung, J., Suzuki, H., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, N., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y. J., Swanson, M. S., Swanton, C., Swärd, K., Swarup, G., Sweeney, S. T., Sylvester, P. W., Szatmari, Z., Szegezdi, E., Szlosarek, P. W., Taegtmeyer, H., Tafani, M., Taillebourg, E., Tait, S. W. G., Takacs-Vellai, K., Takahashi, Y., Takáts, S., Takemura, G., Takigawa, N., Talbot, N. J., Tamagno, E., Tamburini, J., Tan, C. -P., Tan, L., Tan, M. L., Tan, M., Tan, Y. -J., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tang, D., Tang, G., Tanida, I., Tanji, K., Tannous, B. A., Tapia, J. A., Tasset-Cuevas, I., Tatar, M., Tavassoly, I., Tavernarakis, N., Taylor, A., Taylor, G. S., Taylor, G. A., Taylor, J. P., Taylor, M. J., Tchetina, E. V., Tee, A. R., Teixeira-Clerc, F., Telang, S., Tencomnao, T., Teng, B. -B., Teng, R. -J., Terro, F., Tettamanti, G., Theiss, A. L., Theron, A. E., Thomas, K. J., Thomé, M. P., Thomes, P. G., Thorburn, A., Thorner, J., Thum, T., Thumm, M., Thurston, T. L. M., Tian, L., Till, A., Ting, J. P. -Y., Ting, J. P. Y., Titorenko, V. I., Toker, L., Toldo, S., Tooze, S. A., Topisirovic, I., Torgersen, M. L., Torosantucci, L., Torriglia, A., Torrisi, M. R., Tournier, C., Towns, R., Trajkovic, V., Travassos, L. H., Triola, G., Tripathi, D. N., Trisciuoglio, D., Troncoso, R., Trougakos, I. P., Truttmann, A. C., Tsai, K. -J., Tschan, M. P., Tseng, Y. -H., Tsukuba, T., Tsung, A., Tsvetkov, A. S., Tu, S., Tuan, H. -Y., Tucci, M., Tumbarello, D. A., Turk, B., Turk, V., Turner, R. F. B., Tveita, A. A., Tyagi, S. C., Ubukata, M., Uchiyama, Y., Udelnow, A., Ueno, T., Umekawa, M., Umemiya-Shirafuji, R., Underwood, B. R., Ungermann, C., Ureshino, R. P., Ushioda, R., Uversky, V. N., Uzcátegui, N. L., Vaccari, T., Vaccaro, M. I., Váchová, L., Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H., Valdor, R., Valente, E. M., Vallette, F., Valverde, A. M., Van den Berghe, G., Van Den Bosch, L., van den Brink, G. R., van der Goot, F. G., van der Klei, I. J., van der Laan, L. J. W., van Doorn, W. G., van Egmond, M., van Golen, K. L., Van Kaer, L., Campagne, M. L., Vandenabeele, P., Vandenberghe, W., Vanhorebeek, I., Varela-Nieto, I., Vasconcelos, M. H., Vasko, R., Vavvas, D. G., Vega-Naredo, I., Velasco, G., Velentzas, A. D., Velentzas, P. D., Vellai, T., Vellenga, E., Vendelbo, M. H., Venkatachalam, K., Ventura, N., Ventura, S., Veras, P. S. T., Verdier, M., Vertessy, B. G., Viale, A., Vidal, M., Vieira, H. L. A., Vierstra, R. D., Vigneswaran, N., Vij, N., Vila, M., Villar, M., Villar, V. H., Villarroya, J., Vindis, C., Viola, G., Viscomi, M. T., Vitale, G., Vogl, D. T., Voitsekhovskaja, O. V., von Haefen, C., von Schwarzenberg, K., Voth, D. E., Vouret-Craviari, V., Vuori, K., Vyas, J. M., Waeber, C., Walker, C. L., Walker, M. J., Walter, J., Wan, L., Wan, X., Wang, B., Wang, C., Wang, C. -Y., Wang, D., Wang, F., Wang, G., Wang, H. -J., Wang, H., Wang, H. -G., Wang, H. -D., Wang, J., Wang, M., Wang, M. -Q., Wang, P. -Y., Wang, P., Wang, R. C., Wang, S., Wang, T. -F., Wang, X., Wang, X. -J., Wang, X. -W., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. -J., Wang, Y. T., Wang, Z. -N., Wappner, P., Ward, C., Ward, D. M. V., Warnes, G., Watada, H., Watanabe, Y., Watase, K., Weaver, T. E., Weekes, C. D., Wei, J., Weide, T., Weihl, C. C., Weindl, G., Weis, S. N., Wen, L., Wen, X., Wen, Y., Westermann, B., Weyand, C. M., White, A. R., White, E., Whitton, J. L., Whitworth, A. J., Wiels, J., Wild, F., Wildenberg, M. E., Wileman, T., Wilkinson, D. S., Wilkinson, S., Willbold, D., Williams, C., Williams, K., Williamson, P. R., Winklhofer, K. F., Witkin, S. S., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Wollert, T., Wolvetang, E. J., Wong, E., Wong, G. W., Wong, R. W., Wong, V. K. W., Woodcock, E. A., Wright, K. L., Wu, C., Wu, D., G. S., Wu, Wu, J., Wu, M., Wu, S., W. K. K., Wu, Wu, Y., Wu, Z., Xavier, C. P. R., Xavier, R. J., Xia, G. -X., Xia, T., Xia, W., Xia, Y., Xiao, H., Xiao, J., Xiao, S., Xiao, W., Xie, C. -M., Xie, Z., Xilouri, M., Xiong, Y., Xu, C., Xu, F., Xu, H., Xu, J., Xu, L., Xu, X., Xu, Y., Z. -X., Xu, Xu, Z., Xue, Y., Yamada, T., Yamamoto, A., Yamanaka, K., Yamashina, S., Yamashiro, S., Yan, B., Yan, X., Yan, Z., Yanagi, Y., Yang, D. -S., Yang, J. -M., Yang, L., Yang, M., Yang, P. -M., Yang, P., Yang, Q., Yang, W., Yang, W. Y., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Yao, M. -C., Yao, P. J., Yao, X., Yao, Z., Yasui, L. S., Ye, M., Yedvobnick, B., Yeganeh, B., Yeh, E. S., Yeyati, P. L., Yi, F., Yi, L., Yin, X. -M., Yip, C. K., Yoo, Y. -M., Yoo, Y. H., Yoon, S. -Y., Yoshida, K. -I., Yoshimori, T., Young, K. H., Yu, H., J. J., Yu, J. -T., Yu, Yu, J., Yu, L., W. H., Yu, X. -F., Yu, Yu, Z., Yuan, J., Yuan, Z. -M., Yue, B. Y. J. T., Yue, J., Yue, Z., Zacks, D. N., Zacksenhaus, E., Zaffaroni, N., Zaglia, T., Zakeri, Z., Zecchini, V., Zeng, J., Zeng, M., Zeng, Q., Zervos, A. S., Zhang, D. D., Zhang, F., Zhang, G., Zhang, G. -C., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. -P., Zhang, L., Zhang, M. -Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. D., Zhang, Y., Zhao, M., Zhao, W. -L., Zhao, X., Zhao, Y. G., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Y. -X., Zhao, Z., Zhao, Z. J., Zheng, D., Zheng, X. -L., Zheng, X., Zhivotovsky, B., Zhong, Q., Zhou, G. -Z., Zhou, G., Zhou, H., Zhou, S. -F., Zhou, X. -J., Zhu, H., Zhu, W. -G., Zhu, W., Zhu, X. -F., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, S. -M., Zhuang, X., Ziparo, E., Zois, C. E., Zoladek, T., Zong, W. -X., Zorzano, A., Zughaier, S. M., Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdelmohsen, Kotb, Abe, Akihisa, Abedin, Md Joynal, Abeliovich, Hagai, Arozena, Abraham Acevedo, Adachi, Hiroaki, Adams, Christopher M., Adams, Peter D., Adeli, Khosrow, Adhihetty, Peter J., Adler, Sharon G., Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Rajesh, Aghi, Manish K., Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguilar, Patricia V., Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio, Airoldi, Edoardo M., Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akporiaye, Emmanuel T., Al-Rubeai, Mohamed, Albaiceta, Guillermo M., Albanese, Chri, Albani, Diego, Albert, Matthew L., Aldudo, Jesu, Algül, Hana, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Alloza, Iraide, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Beceril, Maylin, Alnemri, Emad S., Alonso, Covadonga, Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario C., Alvarez, Silvia, Alvarez-Erviti, Lydia, Alves, Sandro, Amadoro, Giuseppina, Amano, Atsuo, Amantini, Consuelo, Ambrosio, Santiago, Amelio, Ivano, Amer, Amal O., Amessou, Mohamed, Amon, Angelika, An, Zhenyi, Anania, Frank A., Andersen, Stig U., Andley, Usha P., Andreadi, Catherine K., Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anel, Alberto, Ann, David K., Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Antonioli, Manuela, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Aquila, Saveria, Aquilano, Katia, Araki, Koichi, Arama, Eli, Aranda, Agustin, Araya, Jun, Arcaro, Alexandre, Arias, Esperanza, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen R., Armstrong, Jane L., Arnould, Thierry, Arsov, Ivica, Asanuma, Katsuhiko, Askanas, Valerie, Asselin, Eric, Atarashi, Ryuichiro, Atherton, Sally S., Atkin, Julie D., Attardi, Laura D., Auberger, Patrick, Auburger, Georg, Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Avantaggiati, Maria Laura, Avrahami, Limor, Azad, Neelam, Awale, Suresh, Bachetti, Tiziana, Backer, Jonathan M., Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Jae-Sung, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric H., Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baghdiguian, Stephen, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Balaji, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Balzan, Rena, Banerjee, Rajkumar, Bánhegyi, Gábor, Bao, Haijun, Barbeau, Benoit, Barrachina, Maria D., Barreiro, Esther, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolomé, Alberto, Bassham, Diane C., Bassi, Maria Teresa, Bast, Robert C., Basu, Alakananda, Batista, Maria Teresa, Batoko, Henri, Battino, Maurizio, Bauckman, Kyle, Baumgarner, Bradley L., Bayer, K. Ulrich, Beale, Rupert, Beaulieu, Jean-Françoi, Beck, George R., Becker, Christoph, Beckham, J. David, Bédard, Pierre-André, Bednarski, Patrick J., Begley, Thomas J., Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg M. N., Behrns, Kevin E., Bejarano, Eloy, Belaid, Amine, Belleudi, Francesca, Bénard, Giovanni, Berchem, Guy, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Berkhout, Ben, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernard, Amélie, Bernard, Monique, Bernassola, Francesca, Bertolotti, Anne, Bess, Amanda S., Besteiro, Sébastien, Bettuzzi, Saverio, Bhalla, Savita, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhutia, Sujit K., Biagosch, Caroline, Bianchi, Michele Wolfe, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Billes, Viktor, Bincoletto, Claudia, Bingol, Bari, Bird, Sara W., Bitoun, Marc, Bjedov, Ivana, Blackstone, Craig, Blanc, Lionel, Blanco, Guillermo A., Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil, Boada-Romero, Emilio, Böckler, Stefan, Boes, Marianne, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, Boise, Lawrence H., Bolino, Alessandra, Boman, Andrea, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bordi, Matteo, Bosch, Jürgen, Botana, Luis M., Botti, Joelle, Bou, German, Bouché, Marina, Bouchecareilh, Marion, Boucher, Marie-Josée, Boulton, Michael E., Bouret, Sebastien G., Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël, Bozhkov, Peter V., Brady, Nathan, Braga, Vania M.M., Brancolini, Claudio, Braus, Gerhard H., Bravosan-Pedro, José M., Brennan, Lisa A., Bresnick, Emery H., Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bringer, Marie-Agnè, Brini, Marisa, Brito, Glauber C., Brodin, Bertha, Brookes, Paul S., Brown, Eric J., Brown, Karen, Broxmeyer, Hal E., Bruhat, Alain, Brum, Patricia Chakur, Brumell, John H., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bryson-Richardson, Robert J., Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, Alastair M., Budak, Hikmet, Bulavin, Dmitry V., Bultman, Scott J., Bultynck, Geert, Bumbasirevic, Vladimir, Burelle, Yan, Burke, Robert E., Burmeister, Margit, Bütikofer, Peter, Caberlotto, Laura, Cadwell, Ken, Cahova, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Qian, Calatayud, Sara, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Grant R., Campbell, Matthew, Campello, Silvia, Candau, Robin, Caniggia, Isabella, Cantoni, Lavinia, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B., Caraglia, Michele, Cardinali, Claudio, Cardoso, Sandra Morai, Carew, Jennifer S., Carleton, Laura A., Carlin, Cathleen R., Carloni, Silvia, Carlsson, Sven R., Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia A.M., Carnevali, Oliana, Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carroll, Bernadette, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassinelli, Giuliana, Castets, Perrine, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Cavallini, Gabriella, Ceccherini, Isabella, Cecconi, Francesco, Cederbaum, Arthur I., Ceña, Valentín, Cenci, Simone, Cerella, Claudia, Cervia, Davide, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei S., Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chamilos, Georgio, Chan, Edmond Y.W., Chan, Matthew T.V., Chandra, Dhyan, Chandra, Pallavi, Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Chang, Ta Yuan, Chatham, John C., Chatterjee, Saurabh, Chauhan, Santosh, Che, Yongsheng, Cheetham, Michael E., Cheluvappa, Rajkumar, Chen, Chun-Jung, Chen, Gang, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guoqiang, Chen, Hongzhuan, Chen, Jeff W., Chen, Jian-Kang, Chen, Min, Chen, Mingzhou, Chen, Peiwen, Chen, Qi, Chen, Quan, Chen, Shang-Der, Chen, Si, Chen, Steve S.-L., Chen, Wei, Chen, Wei-Jung, Chen, Wen Qiang, Chen, Wenli, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Yau-Hung, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yin, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongshun, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Yujie, Chen, Zhen, Chen, Zhong, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher H.K., Cheng, Hua, Cheong, Heesun, Cherry, Sara, Chesney, Jason, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Hsiang Cheng, Chi, Sung-Gil, Chiacchiera, Fulvio, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chieppa, Marcello, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiong, Mario, Chiu, Gigi N.C., Cho, Dong-Hyung, Cho, Ssang-Goo, Cho, William C., Cho, Yong-Yeon, Cho, Young-Seok, Choi, Augustine M.K., Choi, Eui-Ju, Choi, Eun-Kyoung, Choi, Jayoung, Choi, Mary E., Choi, Seung-Il, Chou, Tsui-Fen, Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chow, Kuan-Chih, Chowdhury, Kamal, Chu, Charleen T., Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chun, Taehoon, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Taijoon, Chung, Yuen-Li, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciechomska, Iwona A., Ciriolo, Maria Rosa, Cirone, Mara, Claerhout, Sofie, Clague, Michael J., Cl� ria, Joan, Clarke, Peter G.H., Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Cleyrat, Cédric, Cnop, Miriam, Coccia, Eliana M., Cocco, Tiziana, Codogno, Patrice, Coers, Jörn, Cohen, Ezra E.W., Colecchia, David, Coletto, Luisa, Coll, Núria S., Colucci-Guyon, Emma, Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Cook, Katherine L., Coombs, Graham H., Cooper, Cynthia D., Cooper, J. Mark, Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corazzari, Marco, Corbalan, Ramon, Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth, Cordero, Mario D., Corral-Ramos, Cristina, Corti, Olga, Cossarizza, Andrea, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Cotman, Susan L., Coto-Montes, Ana, Cottet, Sandra, Couve, Eduardo, Covey, Lori R., Cowart, L. Ashley, Cox, Jeffery S., Coxon, Fraser P., Coyne, Carolyn B., Cragg, Mark S., Craven, Rolf J., Crepaldi, Tiziana, Crespo, Jose L., Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cruz, Maria Teresa, Cuervo, Ana Maria, Cuezva, Jose M., Cui, Taixing, Cutillas, Pedro R., Czaja, Mark J., Czyzyk-Krzeska, Maria F., Dagda, Ruben K., Dahmen, Uta, Dai, Chunsun, Dai, Wenjie, Dai, Yun, Dalby, Kevin N., Valle, Luisa Dalla, Dalmasso, Guillaume, D'amelio, Marcello, Damme, Marku, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Dargemont, Catherine, Darley-Usmar, Victor M., Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasgupta, Biplab, Dash, Srikanta, Dass, Crispin R., Davey, Hazel Marie, Davids, Lester M., Dávila, David, Davis, Roger J., Dawson, Ted M., Dawson, Valina L., Daza, Paula, de Belleroche, Jackie, de Figueiredo, Paul, de Figueiredo, Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz, de la Fuente, José, De Martino, Luisa, De Matteis, Antonella, De Meyer, Guido R.Y., De Milito, Angelo, De Santi, Mauro, de Souza, Wanderley, De Tata, Vincenzo, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, Dechant, Reinhard, Decuypere, Jean-Paul, Deegan, Shane, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Bello, Barbara, Del Re, Dominic P., Delage-Mourroux, Régi, Delbridge, Lea M.D., Deldicque, Louise, Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Deng, Yizhen, Dengjel, Joern, Denizot, Melanie, Dent, Paul, Der, Channing J., Deretic, Vojo, Derrien, Benoît, Deutsch, Eric, Devarenne, Timothy P., Devenish, Rodney J., Di Bartolomeo, Sabrina, Di Daniele, Nicola, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Paola, Simone, Di Pietro, Antonio, Di Renzo, Livia, Di Antonio, Aaron, Díaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Ine, Diaz-Meco, Maria T., Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dickey, Chad A., Dickson, Robert C., Diederich, Marc, Digard, Paul, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithrama P., Ding, Chan, Ding, Wen-Xing, Ding, Zufeng, Dini, Luciana, Distler, Jörg H.W., Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dmytruk, Kostyantyn, Dobson, Renwick C.J., Doetsch, Volker, Dokladny, Karol, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, Donadelli, Massimo, Dong, X. Charlie, Dong, Xiaonan, Dong, Zheng, Donohue, Terrence M., Donohue-Jr, Terrence M., Doran, Kelly S., D'orazi, Gabriella, Dorn, Gerald W., Dosenko, Victor, Dridi, Sami, Drucker, Liat, Du, Jie, Du, Li-Lin, Du, Lihuan, du Toit, André, Dua, Priyamvada, Duan, Lei, Duann, Pu, Dubey, Vikash Kumar, Duchen, Michael R., Duchosal, Michel A., Duez, Helene, Dugail, Isabelle, Dumit, Verónica I., Duncan, Mara C., Dunlop, Elaine A., Dunn, William A., Dupont, Nicola, Dupuis, Luc, Durán, Raúl V., Durcan, Thomas M., Duvezin-Caubet, Stéphane, Duvvuri, Umamaheswar, Eapen, Vinay, Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Dariu, Echard, Arnaud, Eckhart, Leopold, Edelstein, Charles L., Edinger, Aimee L., Eichinger, Ludwig, Eisenberg, Tobia, Eisenberg-Lerner, Avital, Eissa, N. Tony, El-Deiry, Wafik S., El-Khoury, Victoria, Elazar, Zvulun, Eldar-Finkelman, Hagit, Elliott, Chris J.H., Emanuele, Enzo, Emmenegger, Urban, Engedal, Nikolai, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelender, Simone, Enserink, Jorrit M., Erdmann, Ralf, Erenpreisa, Jekaterina, Eri, Rajaraman, Eriksen, Jason L., Erman, Andreja, Escalante, Ricardo, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Esteban-Martínez, Lorena, Evans, Thomas J., Fabri, Mario, Fabrias, Gemma, Fabrizi, Cinzia, Facchiano, Antonio, Færgeman, Nils J., Faggioni, Alberto, Fairlie, W. Dougla, Fan, Chunhai, Fan, Daping, Fan, Jie, Fang, Shengyun, Fanto, Manoli, Fanzani, Alessandro, Farkas, Thoma, Faure, Mathia, Favier, Francois B., Fearnhead, Howard, Federici, Massimo, Fei, Erkang, Felizardo, Tania C., Feng, Hua, Feng, Yibin, Feng, Yuchen, Ferguson, Thomas A., Fernández, Álvaro F., Fernandez-Barrena, Maite G., Fernandez-Checa, Jose C., Fernández-López, Arsenio, Fernandez-Zapico, Martin E., Feron, Olivier, Ferraro, Elisabetta, Ferreira-Halder, Carmen Veríssima, Fesus, Laszlo, Feuer, Ralph, Fiesel, Fabienne C., Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo C., Filomeni, Giuseppe, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fingert, John H., Finkbeiner, Steven, Finkel, Toren, Fiorito, Filomena, Fisher, Paul B., Flajolet, Marc, Flamigni, Flavio, Florey, Oliver, Florio, Salvatore, Floto, R. Andre, Folini, Marco, Follo, Carlo, Fon, Edward A., Fornai, Francesco, Fortunato, Franco, Fraldi, Alessandro, Franco, Rodrigo, Francois, Arnaud, François, Aurélie, Frankel, Lisa B., Fraser, Iain D.C., Frey, Norbert, Freyssenet, Damien G., Frezza, Christian, Friedman, Scott L., Frigo, Daniel E., Fu, Dongxu, Fuentes, José M., Fueyo, Juan, Fujitani, Yoshio, Fujiwara, Yuuki, Fujiya, Mikihiro, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Fulda, Simone, Fusco, Carmela, Gabryel, Bozena, Gaestel, Matthia, Gailly, Philippe, Gajewska, Malgorzata, Galadari, Sehamuddin, Galili, Gad, Galindo, Inmaculada, Galindo, Maria F., Galliciotti, Giovanna, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Galluzzi, Luca, Galy, Vincent, Gammoh, Noor, Gandy, Sam, Ganesan, Anand K., Ganesan, Swamynathan, Ganley, Ian G., Gannagé, Monique, Gao, Fen-Biao, Gao, Feng, Gao, Jian-Xin, Nannig, Lorena García, Véscovi, Eleonora García, Garcia-Macía, Marina, Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen, Garg, Abhishek D., Garg, Pramod Kumar, Gargini, Ricardo, Gassen, Nils Christian, Gatica, Damián, Gatti, Evelina, Gavard, Julie, Gavathiotis, Evripidi, Ge, Liang, Ge, Pengfei, Ge, Shengfang, Gean, Po-Wu, Gelmetti, Vania, Genazzani, Armando A., Geng, Jiefei, Genschik, Pascal, Gerner, Lisa, Gestwicki, Jason E., Gewirtz, David A., Ghavami, Saeid, Ghigo, Eric, Ghosh, Debabrata, Giammarioli, Anna Maria, Giampieri, Francesca, Giampietri, Claudia, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra, Gibbings, Derrick J., Gibellini, Lara, Gibson, Spencer B., Ginet, Vanessa, Giordano, Antonio, Giorgini, Flaviano, Giovannetti, Elisa, Girardin, Stephen E., Gispert, Suzana, Giuliano, Sandy, Gladson, Candece L., Glavic, Alvaro, Gleave, Martin, Godefroy, Nelly, Gogal, Robert M., Gokulan, Kuppan, Goldman, Gustavo H., Goletti, Delia, Goligorsky, Michael S., Gomes, Aldrin V., Gomes, Ligia C., Gomez, Hernando, Gomez-Manzano, Candelaria, Gómez-Sánchez, Rubén, Gonçalves, Dawit A.P., Goncu, Ebru, Gong, Qingqiu, Gongora, Céline, Gonzalez, Carlos B., Gonzalez-Alegre, Pedro, Gonzalez-Cabo, Pilar, González-Polo, Rosa Ana, Goping, Ing Swie, Gorbea, Carlo, Gorbunov, Nikolai V., Goring, Daphne R., Gorman, Adrienne M., Gorski, Sharon M., Goruppi, Sandro, Goto-Yamada, Shino, Gotor, Cecilia, Gottlieb, Roberta A., Gozes, Illana, Gozuacik, Devrim, Graba, Yacine, Graef, Martin, Granato, Giovanna E., Grant, Gary Dean, Grant, Steven, Gravina, Giovanni Luca, Green, Douglas R., Greenhough, Alexander, Greenwood, Michael T., Grimaldi, Benedetto, Gros, Frédéric, Grose, Charle, Groulx, Jean-Francoi, Gruber, Florian, Grumati, Paolo, Grune, Tilman, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guan, Kun-Liang, Guerra, Barbara, Guillen, Carlo, Gulshan, Kailash, Gunst, Jan, Guo, Chuanyong, Guo, Lei, Guo, Ming, Guo, Wenjie, Guo, Xu-Guang, Gust, Andrea A., Gustafsson, Åsa B., Gutierrez, Elaine, Gutierrez, Maximiliano G., Gwak, Ho-Shin, Haas, Albert, Haber, James E., Hadano, Shinji, Hagedorn, Monica, Hahn, David R., Halayko, Andrew J., Hamacher-Brady, Anne, Hamada, Kozo, Hamai, Ahmed, Hamann, Andrea, Hamasaki, Maho, Hamer, Isabelle, Hamid, Qutayba, Hammond, Ester M., Han, Feng, Han, Weidong, Handa, James T., Hanover, John A., Hansen, Malene, Harada, Masaru, Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica, Harper, J. Wade, Harrath, Abdel Halim, Harris, Adrian L., Harris, Jame, Hasler, Udo, Hasselblatt, Peter, Hasui, Kazuhisa, Hawley, Robert G., Hawley, Teresa S., He, Congcong, He, Cynthia Y., He, Fengtian, He, Gu, He, Rong-Rong, He, Xian-Hui, He, You-Wen, He, Yu-Ying, Heath, Joan K., Hébert, Marie-Josée, Heinzen, Robert A., Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir, Hensel, Michael, Henske, Elizabeth P., Her, Chengtao, Herman, Paul K., Hernández, Agustín, Hernandez, Carlo, Hernández-Tiedra, Sonia, Hetz, Claudio, Hiesinger, P. Robin, Higaki, Katsumi, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Bradford G., Hill, Joseph A., Hill, William D., Hino, Keisuke, Hofius, Daniel, Hofman, Paul, Höglinger, Günter U., Höhfeld, Jörg, Holz, Marina K., Hong, Yonggeun, Hood, David A., Hoozemans, Jeroen J.M., Hoppe, Thorsten, Hsu, Chin, Hsu, Chin-Yuan, Hsu, Li-Chung, Hu, Dong, Hu, Guochang, Hu, Hong-Ming, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Ming Chang, Hu, Yu-Chen, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, Hua, Fang, Hua, Ya, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Huey-Lan, Huang, Kuo-How, Huang, Kuo-Yang, Huang, Shile, Huang, Shiqian, Huang, Wei-Pang, Huang, Yi-Ran, Huang, Yong, Huang, Yunfei, Huber, Tobias B., Huebbe, Patricia, Huh, Won-Ki, Hulmi, Juha J., Hur, Gang Min, Hurley, James H., Husak, Zvenyslava, Hussain, Sabah N.A., Hussain, Salik, Hwang, Jung Jin, Hwang, Seungmin, Hwang, Thomas I.S., Ichihara, Atsuhiro, Imai, Yuzuru, Imbriano, Carol, Inomata, Megumi, Into, Takeshi, Iovane, Valentina, Iovanna, Juan L., Iozzo, Renato V., Ip, Nancy Y., Irazoqui, Javier E., Iribarren, Pablo, Isaka, Yoshitaka, Isakovic, Aleksandra J., Ischiropoulos, Harry, Isenberg, Jeffrey S., Ishaq, Mohammad, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Ishii, Isao, Ishmael, Jane E., Isidoro, Ciro, Isobe, Ken-Ichi, Isono, Erika, Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh, Itahana, Koji, Itakura, Eisuke, Ivanov, Andrei I., Iyer, Anand Krishnan V., Izquierdo, José M., Izumi, Yotaro, Izzo, Valentina, Jäättelä, Marja, Jaber, Nadia, Jackson, Daniel John, Jackson, William T., Jacob, Tony George, Jacques, Thomas S., Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jain, Ashish, Jana, Nihar Ranjan, Jang, Byoung Kuk, Jani, Alkesh, Janji, Bassam, Jannig, Paulo Roberto, Jansson, Patric J., Jean, Steve, Jendrach, Marina, Jeon, Ju-Hong, Jessen, Niel, Jeung, Eui-Bae, Jia, Kailiang, Jia, Lijun, Jiang, Hong, Jiang, Hongchi, Jiang, Liwen, Jiang, Teng, Jiang, Xiaoyan, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiang, Ying, Jiang, Yongjun, Jiménez, Alberto, Jin, Cheng, Jin, Hongchuan, Jin, Lei, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Shengkan, Jinwal, Umesh Kumar, Jo, Eun-Kyeong, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Daniel E., Johnson, Gail V.W., Johnson, James D., Jonasch, Eric, Jones, Chri, Joosten, Leo A.B., Jordan, Joaquin, Joseph, Anna-Maria, Joseph, Bertrand, Joubert, Annie M., Ju, Dianwen, Ju, Jingfang, Juan, Hsueh-Fen, Juenemann, Katrin, Juhász, Gábor, Jung, Hye Seung, Jung, Jae U., Jung, Yong-Keun, Jungbluth, Heinz, Justice, Matthew J., Jutten, Barry, Kaakoush, Nadeem O., Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kaeffer, Bertrand, Kågedal, Katarina, Kahana, Alon, Kajimura, Shingo, Kakhlon, Or, Kalia, Manjula, Kalvakolanu, Dhan V., Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kambas, Konstantino, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O., Kampinga, Harm H., Kandouz, Mustapha, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Rui, Kang, Tae-Cheon, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanno, Haruo, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., Kantorow, Marc, Kaparakis-Liaskos, Maria, Kapuy, Orsolya, Karantza, Vassiliki, Karim, Md Razaul, Karmakar, Parimal, Kaser, Arthur, Kaushik, Susmita, Kawula, Thoma, Kaynar, A. Murat, Ke, Po-Yuan, Ke, Zun-Ji, Kehrl, John H., Keller, Kate E., Kemper, Jongsook Kim, Kenworthy, Anne K., Kepp, Oliver, Kern, Andrea, Kesari, Santosh, Kessel, David, Ketteler, Robin, Kettelhut, Isis do Carmo, Khambu, Bilon, Khan, Muzamil Majid, Khandelwal, Vinoth K.M., Khare, Sangeeta, Kiang, Juliann G., Kiger, Amy A., Kihara, Akio, Kim, Arianna L., Kim, Cheol Hyeon, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Eung Kweon, Kim, Hye Young, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jae-Sung, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Cheon, Kim, Jin Hyoung, Kim, Kwang Woon, Kim, Michael D., Kim, Moon-Moo, Kim, Peter K., Kim, Seong Who, Kim, Soo-Youl, Kim, Yong-Sun, Kim, Yonghyun, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C., Kimura, Tomonori, King, Jason S., Kirkegaard, Karla, Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A., Kishi, Shuji, Kitajima, Yasuo, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitaoka, Yasushi, Kitazato, Kaio, Kley, Rudolf A., Klimecki, Walter T., Klinkenberg, Michael, Klucken, Jochen, Knævelsrud, Helene, Knecht, Erwin, Knuppertz, Laura, Ko, Jiunn-Liang, Kobayashi, Satoru, Koch, Jan C., Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Christelle, Koenig, Ulrich, Koh, Young Ho, Köhler, Katja, Kohlwein, Sepp D., Koike, Masato, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kong, Dexin, Kong, Hee Jeong, Konstantakou, Eumorphia G., Kopp, Benjamin T., Korcsmaros, Tama, Korhonen, Laura, Korolchuk, Viktor I., Koshkina, Nadya V., Kou, Yanjun, Koukourakis, Michael I., Koumenis, Constantino, Kovács, Attila L., Kovács, Tibor, Kovacs, Werner J., Koya, Daisuke, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Kramer, Helmut, Kravic-Stevovic, Tamara, Krek, Wilhelm, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Krick, Roswitha, Krishnamurthy, Malathi, Kriston-Vizi, Jano, Kroemer, Guido, Kruer, Michael C., Kruger, Rejko, Ktistakis, Nicholas T., Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki, Kuhn, Christian, Kumar, Addanki Pratap, Kumar, Anuj, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Dhiraj, Kumar, Rakesh, Kumar, Sharad, Kundu, Mondira, Kung, Hsing-Jien, Kuno, Atsushi, Kuo, Sheng-Han, Kuret, Jeff, Kurz, Tino, Kwok, Terry, Kwon, Taeg Kyu, Kwon, Yong Tae, Kyrmizi, Irene, La Spada, Albert R., Lafont, Frank, Lahm, Tim, Lakkaraju, Aparna, Lam, Truong, Lamark, Trond, Lancel, Steve, Landowski, Terry H., Lane, Darius J.R., Lane, Jon D., Lanzi, Cinzia, Lapaquette, Pierre, Lapierre, Louis R., Laporte, Jocelyn, Laukkarinen, Johanna, Laurie, Gordon W., Lavandero, Sergio, Lavie, Lena, Lavoie, Matthew J., Law, Betty Yuen Kwan, Law, Helen Ka-Wai, Law, Kelsey B., Layfield, Robert, Lazo, Pedro A., Le Cam, Laurent, Le Roch, Karine G., Le Stunff, Hervé, Leardkamolkarn, Vijittra, Lecuit, Marc, Lee, Byung-Hoon, Lee, Che-Hsin, Lee, Erinna F., Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Hsinyu, Lee, Jae Keun, Lee, Jongdae, Lee, Ju-Hyun, Lee, Jun Hee, Lee, Michael, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Patty J., Lee, Sam W., Lee, Seung-Jae, Lee, Shiow-Ju, Lee, Stella Y., Lee, Sug Hyung, Lee, Sung Sik, Lee, Sung-Joon, Lee, Sunhee, Lee, Ying-Ray, Lee, Yong J., Lee, Young H., Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Lefort, Sylvain, Legouis, Renaud, Lei, Jinzhi, Lei, Qun-Ying, Leib, David A., Leibowitz, Gil, Lekli, Istvan, Lemaire, Stéphane D., Lemasters, John J., Lemberg, Marius K., Lemoine, Antoinette, Leng, Shuilong, Lenz, Guido, Lenzi, Paola, Lerman, Lilach O., Barbato, Daniele Lettieri, Leu, Julia I. Ju, Leung, Hing Y., Levine, Beth, Lewis, Patrick A., Lezoualch, Frank, Li, Chi, Li, Faqiang, Li, Feng-Jun, Li, Jun, Li, Ke, Li, Lian, Li, Min, Li, Qiang, Li, Rui, Li, Sheng, Li, Wei, Li, Xiaotao, Li, Yumin, Lian, Jiqin, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liao, Yulin, Liberal, Joana, Liberski, Pawel P., Lie, Pearl, Lieberman, Andrew P., Lim, Hyunjung Jade, Lim, Kah-Leong, Lim, Kyu, Lima, Raquel T., Lin, Chang-Shen, Lin, Chiou-Feng, Lin, Fang, Lin, Fangming, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Kui, Lin, Kwang-Huei, Lin, Pei-Hui, Lin, Tianwei, Lin, Wan-Wan, Lin, Yee-Shin, Lin, Yong, Linden, Rafael, Lindholm, Dan, Lindqvist, Lisa M., Lingor, Paul, Linkermann, Andrea, Liotta, Lance A., Lipinski, Marta M., Lira, Vitor A., Lisanti, Michael P., Liton, Paloma B., Liu, Bo, Liu, Chong, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Fei, Liu, Hung-Jen, Liu, Jianxun, Liu, Jing-Jing, Liu, Jing-Lan, Liu, Ke, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Liang, Liu, Quentin, Liu, Rong-Yu, Liu, Shiming, Liu, Shuwen, Liu, Wei, Liu, Xian-De, Liu, Xiangguo, Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xinfeng, Liu, Xu, Liu, Xueqin, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yule, Liu, Zexian, Liu, Zhe, Liuzzi, Juan P., Lizard, Gérard, Ljujic, Mila, Lodhi, Irfan J., Logue, Susan E., Lokeshwar, Bal L., Long, Yun Chau, Lonial, Sagar, Loos, Benjamin, López-Otín, Carlo, López-Vicario, Cristina, Lorente, Mar, Lorenzi, Philip L., Lõrincz, Péter, Los, Marek, Lotze, Michael T., Lovat, Penny E., Lu, Binfeng, Lu, Bo, Lu, Jiahong, Lu, Qing, Lu, She-Min, Lu, Shuyan, Lu, Yingying, Luciano, Frédéric, Luckhart, Shirley, Lucocq, John Milton, Ludovico, Paula, Lugea, Aurelia, Lukacs, Nicholas W., Lum, Julian J., Lund, Anders H., Luo, Honglin, Luo, Jia, Luo, Shouqing, Luparello, Claudio, Lyons, Timothy, Ma, Jianjie, Ma, Yi, Ma, Yong, Ma, Zhenyi, Machado, Juliano, Machado-Santelli, Glaucia M., Macian, Fernando, MacIntosh, Gustavo C., MacKeigan, Jeffrey P., Macleod, Kay F., MacMicking, John D., MacMillan-Crow, Lee Ann, Madeo, Frank, Madesh, Muniswamy, Madrigal-Matute, Julio, Maeda, Akiko, Maeda, Tatsuya, Maegawa, Gustavo, Maellaro, Emilia, Maes, Hannelore, Magariños, Marta, Maiese, Kenneth, Maiti, Tapas K., Maiuri, Luigi, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, Maki, Carl G., Malli, Roland, Malorni, Walter, Maloyan, Alina, Mami-Chouaib, Fathia, Man, Na, Mancias, Joseph D., Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, Mandell, Michael A., Manfredi, Angelo A., Manié, Serge N., Manzoni, Claudia, Mao, Kai, Mao, Zixu, Mao, Zong-Wan, Marambaud, Philippe, Marconi, Anna Maria, Marelja, Zvonimir, Marfe, Gabriella, Margeta, Marta, Margittai, Eva, Mari, Muriel, Mariani, Francesca V., Marin, Concepcio, Marinelli, Sara, Mariño, Guillermo, Markovic, Ivanka, Marquez, Rebecca, Martelli, Alberto M., Martens, Sascha, Martin, Katie R., Martin, Seamus J., Martin, Shaun, Martin-Acebes, Miguel A., Martín-Sanz, Paloma, Martinand-Mari, Camille, Martinet, Wim, Martinez, Jennifer, Martinez-Lopez, Nuria, Martinez-Outschoorn, Ubaldo, Martínez-Velázquez, Moisé, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, Martins, Waleska Kerllen, Mashima, Hirosato, Mastrianni, James A., Matarese, Giuseppe, Matarrese, Paola, Mateo, Roberto, Matoba, Satoaki, Matsumoto, Naomichi, Matsushita, Takehiko, Matsuura, Akira, Matsuzawa, Takeshi, Mattson, Mark P., Matus, Soledad, Maugeri, Norma, Mauvezin, Caroline, Mayer, Andrea, Maysinger, Dusica, Mazzolini, Guillermo D., McBrayer, Mary Kate, McCall, Kimberly, McCormick, Craig, McInerney, Gerald M., McIver, Skye C., McKenna, Sharon, McMahon, John J., McNeish, Iain A., Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima, Medema, Jan Paul, Medina, Diego L., Megyeri, Klara, Mehrpour, Maryam, Mehta, Jawahar L., Mei, Yide, Meier, Ute-Christiane, Meijer, Alfred J., Meléndez, Alicia, Melino, Gerry, Melino, Sonia, de Melo, Edesio Jose Tenorio, Mena, Maria A., Meneghini, Marc D., Menendez, Javier A., Menezes, Regina, Meng, Liesu, Meng, Ling-Hua, Meng, Songshu, Menghini, Rossella, Menko, A. Sue, Menna-Barreto, Rubem F.S., Menon, Manoj B., Meraz-Ríos, Marco A., Merla, Giuseppe, Merlini, Luciano, Merlot, Angelica M., Meryk, Andrea, Meschini, Stefania, Meyer, Joel N., Mi, Man-Tian, Miao, Chao-Yu, Micale, Lucia, Michaeli, Simon, Michiels, Carine, Migliaccio, Anna Rita, Mihailidou, Anastasia Susie, Mijaljica, Dalibor, Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko, Milan, Enrico, Miller-Fleming, Leonor, Mills, Gordon B., Mills, Ian G., Minakaki, Georgia, Minassian, Berge A., Ming, Xiu-Fen, Minibayeva, Farida, Minina, Elena A., Mintern, Justine D., Minucci, Saverio, Miranda-Vizuete, Antonio, Mitchell, Claire H., Miyamoto, Shigeki, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mnich, Katarzyna, Mograbi, Baharia, Mohseni, Simin, Moita, Luis Ferreira, Molinari, Marco, Molinari, Maurizio, Møller, Andreas Buch, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Mongillo, Marco, Monick, Martha M., Montagnaro, Serena, Montell, Craig, Moore, Darren J., Moore, Michael N., Mora-Rodriguez, Rodrigo, Moreira, Paula I., Morel, Etienne, Morelli, Maria Beatrice, Moreno, Sandra, Morgan, Michael J., Moris, Arnaud, Moriyasu, Yuji, Morrison, Janna L., Morrison, Lynda A., Morselli, Eugenia, Moscat, Jorge, Moseley, Pope L., Mostowy, Serge, Motori, Elisa, Mottet, Deni, Mottram, Jeremy C., Moussa, Charbel E.-H., Mpakou, Vassiliki E., Mukhtar, Hasan, Levy, Jean M. Mulcahy, Muller, Sylviane, Muñoz-Moreno, Raquel, Muñoz-Pinedo, Cristina, Münz, Christian, Murphy, Maureen E., Murray, James T., Murthy, Aditya, Mysorekar, Indira U., Nabi, Ivan R., Nabissi, Massimo, Nader, Gustavo A., Nagahara, Yukitoshi, Nagai, Yoshitaka, Nagata, Kazuhiro, Nagelkerke, Anika, Nagy, Péter, Naidu, Samisubbu R., Nair, Sreejayan, Nakano, Hiroyasu, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nanjundan, Meera, Napolitano, Gennaro, Naqvi, Naweed I., Nardacci, Roberta, Narendra, Derek P., Narita, Masashi, Nascimbeni, Anna Chiara, Natarajan, Ramesh, Navegantes, Luiz C., Nawrocki, Steffan T., Nazarko, Taras Y., Nazarko, Volodymyr Y., Neill, Thoma, Neri, Luca M., Netea, Mihai G., Netea-Maier, Romana T., Neves, Bruno M., Ney, Paul A., Nezis, Ioannis P., Nguyen, Hang T.T., Nguyen, Huu Phuc, Nicot, Anne-Sophie, Nilsen, Hilde, Nilsson, Per, Nishimura, Mikio, Nishino, Ichizo, Niso-Santano, Mireia, Niu, Hua, Nixon, Ralph A., Njar, Vincent C.O., Noda, Takeshi, Noegel, Angelika A., Nolte, Elsie Magdalena, Norberg, Erik, Norga, Koenraad K., Noureini, Sakineh Kazemi, Notomi, Shoji, Notterpek, Lucia, Nowikovsky, Karin, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nürnberger, Thorsten, O'donnell, Valerie B., O'donovan, Tracey, O'dwyer, Peter J., Oehme, Ina, Oeste, Clara L., Ogawa, Michinaga, Ogretmen, Besim, Ogura, Yuji, Oh, Young J., Ohmuraya, Masaki, Ohshima, Takayuki, Ojha, Rani, Okamoto, Koji, Okazaki, Toshiro, Oliver, F. Javier, Ollinger, Karin, Olsson, Stefan, Orban, Daniel P., Ordonez, Paulina, Orhon, Idil, Orosz, Laszlo, O'rourke, Eyleen J., Orozco, Helena, Ortega, Angel L., Ortona, Elena, Osellame, Laura D., Oshima, Junko, Oshima, Shigeru, Osiewacz, Heinz D., Otomo, Takanobu, Otsu, Kinya, Ou, Jing-Hsiung Jame, Outeiro, Tiago F., Ouyang, Dong-Yun, Ouyang, Hongjiao, Overholtzer, Michael, Ozbun, Michelle A., Ozdinler, P. Hande, Ozpolat, Bulent, Pacelli, Consiglia, Paganetti, Paolo, Page, Guyléne, Pages, Gille, Pagnini, Ugo, Pajak, Beata, Pak, Stephen C., Pakos-Zebrucka, Karolina, Pakpour, Nazzy, Palková, Zdena, Palladino, Francesca, Pallauf, Kathrin, Pallet, Nicola, Palmieri, Marta, Paludan, Søren R., Palumbo, Camilla, Palumbo, Silvia, Pampliega, Olatz, Pan, Hongming, Pan, Wei, Panaretakis, Theochari, Pandey, Aseem, Pantazopoulou, Areti, Papackova, Zuzana, Papademetrio, Daniela L., Papassideri, Issidora, Papini, Alessio, Parajuli, Nirmala, Pardo, Julian, Parekh, Vrajesh V., Parenti, Giancarlo, Park, Jong-In, Park, Junsoo, Park, Ohkmae K., Parker, Roy, Parlato, Rosanna, Parys, Jan B., Parzych, Katherine R., Pasquet, Jean-Max, Pasquier, Benoit, Pasumarthi, Kishore B.S., Patschan, Daniel, Pattingre, Sophie, Pattison, Scott, Pause, Arnim, Pavenstädt, Hermann, Pavone, Flaminia, Pedrozo, Zully, Peña, Fernando J., Peñalva, Miguel A., Pende, Mario, Peng, Jianxin, Penna, Fabio, Penninger, Josef M., Pensalfini, Anna, Pepe, Salvatore, Pereira, Gustavo J.S., Pereira, Paulo C., de la Cruz, Verónica Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, María Esther, Pérez-Rodríguez, Diego, Pérez-Sala, Dolore, Perier, Celine, Perl, Andra, Perlmutter, David H., Perrotta, Ida, Pervaiz, Shazib, Pesonen, Maija, Pessin, Jeffrey E., Peters, Godefridus J., Petersen, Morten, Petrache, Irina, Petrof, Basil J., Petrovski, Goran, Phang, James M., Piacentini, Mauro, Pierdominici, Marina, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie, Pietrocola, Federico, Pimentel-Muiños, Felipe X., Pinar, Mario, Pineda, Benjamin, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Pinti, Marcello, Pinton, Paolo, Piperdi, Bilal, Piret, James M., Platanias, Leonidas C., Platta, Harald W., Plowey, Edward D., Pöggeler, Stefanie, Poirot, Marc, Polčic, Peter, Poletti, Angelo, Poon, Audrey H., Popelka, Hana, Popova, Blagovesta, Poprawa, Izabela, Poulose, Shibu M., Poulton, Joanna, Powers, Scott K., Powers, Ted, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercede, Prak, Krisna, Prange, Reinhild, Prescott, Mark, Priault, Muriel, Prince, Sharon, Proia, Richard L., Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Prokisch, Holger, Promponas, Vasilis J., Przyklenk, Karin, Puertollano, Rosa, Pugazhenthi, Subbiah, Puglielli, Luigi, Pujol, Aurora, Puyal, Julien, Pyeon, Dohun, Qi, Xin, Qian, Wen-Bin, Qin, Zheng-Hong, Qiu, Yu, Qu, Ziwei, Quadrilatero, Joe, Quinn, Frederick, Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Radogna, Flavia, Ragusa, Michael J., Rahmani, Mohamed, Raina, Komal, Ramanadham, Sasanka, Ramesh, Rajagopal, Rami, Abdelhaq, Randall-Demllo, Sarron, Randow, Felix, Rao, Hai, Rao, V. Ashutosh, Rasmussen, Blake B., Rasse, Tobias M., Ratovitski, Edward A., Rautou, Pierre-Emmanuel, Ray, Swapan K., Razani, Babak, Reed, Bruce H., Reggiori, Fulvio, Rehm, Marku, Reichert, Andreas S., Rein, Theo, Reiner, David J., Reits, Eric, Ren, Jun, Ren, Xingcong, Renna, Maurizio, Reusch, Jane E.B., Revuelta, Jose L., Reyes, Leticia, Rezaie, Alireza R., Richards, Robert I., Richardson, Des R., Richetta, Clémence, Riehle, Michael A., Rihn, Bertrand H., Rikihisa, Yasuko, Riley, Brigit E., Rimbach, Gerald, Rippo, Maria Rita, Ritis, Konstantino, Rizzi, Federica, Rizzo, Elizete, Roach, Peter J., Robbins, Jeffrey, Roberge, Michel, Roca, Gabriela, Roccheri, Maria Carmela, Rocha, Sonia, Rodrigues, Cecilia M.P., Rodríguez, Clara I., de Cordoba, Santiago Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Muela, Natalia, Roelofs, Jeroen, Rogov, Vladimir V., Rohn, Troy T., Rohrer, Bärbel, Romanelli, Davide, Romani, Luigina, Romano, Patricia Silvia, Roncero, M. Isabel G., Rosa, Jose Lui, Rosello, Alicia, Rosen, Kirill V., Rosenstiel, Philip, Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena, Roth, Kevin A., Roué, Gael, Rouis, Mustapha, Rouschop, Kasper M., Ruan, Daniel T., Ruano, Diego, Rubinsztein, David C., Rucker, Edmund B., Rudich, Assaf, Rudolf, Emil, Rudolf, Ruediger, Ruegg, Markus A., Ruiz-Roldan, Carmen, Ruparelia, Avnika Ashok, Rusmini, Paola, Russ, David W., Russo, Gian Luigi, Russo, Giuseppe, Russo, Rossella, Rusten, Tor Erik, Ryabovol, Victoria, Ryan, Kevin M., Ryter, Stefan W., Sabatini, David M., Sacher, Michael, Sachse, Carsten, Sack, Michael N., Sadoshima, Junichi, Saftig, Paul, Sagi-Eisenberg, Ronit, Sahni, Sumit, Saikumar, Pothana, Saito, Tsunenori, Saitoh, Tatsuya, Sakakura, Koichi, Sakoh-Nakatogawa, Machiko, Sakuraba, Yasuhito, Salazar-Roa, María, Salomoni, Paolo, Saluja, Ashok K., Salvaterra, Paul M., Salvioli, Rosa, Samali, Afshin, Sanchez, Anthony M.J., Sánchez-Alcázar, José A., Sanchez-Prieto, Ricardo, Sandri, Marco, Sanjuan, Miguel A., Santaguida, Stefano, Santambrogio, Laura, Santoni, Giorgio, Dos Santos, Claudia Nune, Saran, Shweta, Sardiello, Marco, Sargent, Graeme, Sarkar, Pallabi, Sarkar, Sovan, Sarrias, Maria Rosa, Sarwal, Minnie M., Sasakawa, Chihiro, Sasaki, Motoko, Sass, Miklo, Sato, Ken, Sato, Miyuki, Satriano, Joseph, Savaraj, Niramol, Saveljeva, Svetlana, Schaefer, Liliana, Schaible, Ulrich E., Scharl, Michael, Schatzl, Hermann M., Schekman, Randy, Scheper, Wiep, Schiavi, Alfonso, Schipper, Hyman M., Schmeisser, Hana, Schmidt, Jen, Schmitz, Ingo, Schneider, Bianca E., Schneider, E. Marion, Schneider, Jaime L., Schon, Eric A., Schönenberger, Miriam J., Schönthal, Axel H., Schorderet, Daniel F., Schröder, Bernd, Schuck, Sebastian, Schulze, Ryan J., Schwarten, Melanie, Schwarz, Thomas L., Sciarretta, Sebastiano, Scotto, Kathleen, Scovassi, A. Ivana, Screaton, Robert A., Screen, Mark, Seca, Hugo, Sedej, Simon, Segatori, Laura, Segev, Nava, Seglen, Per O., Seguí-Simarro, Jose M., Segura-Aguilar, Juan, Seiliez, Iban, Seki, Ekihiro, Sell, Christian, Semenkovich, Clay F., Semenza, Gregg L., Sen, Utpal, Serra, Andreas L., Serrano-Puebla, Ana, Sesaki, Hiromi, Setoguchi, Takao, Settembre, Carmine, Shacka, John J., Shajahan-Haq, Ayesha N., Shapiro, Irving M., Sharma, Shweta, She, Hua, Shen, C.-K. Jame, Shen, Chiung-Chyi, Shen, Han-Ming, Shen, Sanbing, Shen, Weili, Sheng, Rui, Sheng, Xianyong, Sheng, Zu-Hang, Shepherd, Trevor G., Shi, Junyan, Shi, Qiang, Shi, Qinghua, Shi, Yuguang, Shibutani, Shusaku, Shibuya, Kenichi, Shidoji, Yoshihiro, Shieh, Jeng-Jer, Shih, Chwen-Ming, Shimada, Yohta, Shimizu, Shigeomi, Shin, Dong Wook, Shinohara, Mari L., Shintani, Michiko, Shintani, Takahiro, Shioi, Tetsuo, Shirabe, Ken, Shiri-Sverdlov, Ronit, Shirihai, Orian, Shore, Gordon C., Shu, Chih-Wen, Shukla, Deepak, Sibirny, Andriy A., Sica, Valentina, Sigurdson, Christina J., Sigurdsson, Einar M., Sijwali, Puran Singh, Sikorska, Beata, Silveira, Wilian A., Silvente-Poirot, Sandrine, Silverman, Gary A., Simak, Jan, Simmet, Thoma, Simon, Anna Katharina, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simone, Cristiano, Simons, Matia, Simonsen, Anne, Singh, Rajat, Singh, Shivendra V., Singh, Shrawan K., Sinha, Debasish, Sinha, Sangita, Sinicrope, Frank A., Sirko, Agnieszka, Sirohi, Kapil, Sishi, Balindiwe J.N., Sittler, Annie, Siu, Parco M., Sivridis, Efthimio, Skwarska, Anna, Slack, Ruth, Slaninová, Iva, Slavov, Nikolai, Smaili, Soraya S., Smalley, Keiran S.M., Smith, Duncan R., Soenen, Stefaan J., Soleimanpour, Scott A., Solhaug, Anita, Somasundaram, Kumaravel, Son, Jin H., Sonawane, Avinash, Song, Chunjuan, Song, Fuyong, Song, Hyun Kyu, Song, Ju-Xian, Song, Wei, Soo, Kai Y., Sood, Anil K., Soong, Tuck Wah, Soontornniyomkij, Virawudh, Sorice, Maurizio, Sotgia, Federica, Soto-Pantoja, David R., Sotthibundhu, Areechun, Sousa, Maria João, Spaink, Herman P., Span, Paul N., Spang, Anne, Sparks, Janet D., Speck, Peter G., Spector, Stephen A., Spies, Claudia D., Springer, Wolfdieter, Clair, Daret St, Stacchiotti, Alessandra, Staels, Bart, Stang, Michael T., Starczynowski, Daniel T., Starokadomskyy, Petro, Steegborn, Clemen, Steele, John W., Stefanis, Leonida, Steffan, Joan, Stellrecht, Christine M., Stenmark, Harald, Stepkowski, Tomasz M., Stern, Stęphan T., Stevens, Craig, Stockwell, Brent R., Stoka, Veronika, Storchova, Zuzana, Stork, Björn, Stratoulias, Vassili, Stravopodis, Dimitrios J., Strnad, Pavel, Strohecker, Anne Marie, Ström, Anna-Lena, Stromhaug, Per, Stulik, Jiri, Su, Yu-Xiong, Su, Zhaoliang, Subauste, Carlos S., Subramaniam, Srinivasa, Sue, Carolyn M., Suh, Sang Won, Sui, Xinbing, Sukseree, Supawadee, Sulzer, David, Sun, Fang-Lin, Sun, Jiaren, Sun, Jun, Sun, Shi-Yong, Sun, Yang, Sun, Yi, Sun, Yingjie, Sundaramoorthy, Vinod, Sung, Joseph, Suzuki, Hidekazu, Suzuki, Kuninori, Suzuki, Naoki, Suzuki, Tadashi, Suzuki, Yuichiro J., Swanson, Michele S., Swanton, Charle, Swärd, Karl, Swarup, Ghanshyam, Sweeney, Sean T., Sylvester, Paul W., Szatmari, Zsuzsanna, Szegezdi, Eva, Szlosarek, Peter W., Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Taillebourg, Emmanuel, Tait, Stephen W.G., Takacs-Vellai, Krisztina, Takahashi, Yoshinori, Takáts, Szabolc, Takemura, Genzou, Takigawa, Nagio, Talbot, Nicholas J., Tamagno, Elena, Tamburini, Jerome, Tan, Cai-Ping, Tan, Lan, Tan, Mei Lan, Tan, Ming, Tan, Yee-Joo, Tanaka, Keiji, Tanaka, Masaki, Tang, Daolin, Tang, Dingzhong, Tang, Guomei, Tanida, Isei, Tanji, Kunikazu, Tannous, Bakhos A., Tapia, Jose A., Tasset-Cuevas, Inmaculada, Tatar, Marc, Tavassoly, Iman, Tavernarakis, Nektario, Taylor, Allen, Taylor, Graham S., Taylor, Gregory A., Taylor, J. Paul, Taylor, Mark J., Tchetina, Elena V., Tee, Andrew R., Teixeira-Clerc, Fatima, Telang, Sucheta, Tencomnao, Tewin, Teng, Ba-Bie, Teng, Ru-Jeng, Terro, Faraj, Tettamanti, Gianluca, Theiss, Arianne L., Theron, Anne E., Thomas, Kelly Jean, Thomé, Marcos P., Thomes, Paul G., Thorburn, Andrew, Thorner, Jeremy, Thum, Thoma, Thumm, Michael, Thurston, Teresa L.M., Tian, Ling, Till, Andrea, Ting, Jenny Pan-Yun, Ting, Jenny Pan Yun, Titorenko, Vladimir I., Toker, Lilach, Toldo, Stefano, Tooze, Sharon A., Topisirovic, Ivan, Torgersen, Maria Lyngaa, Torosantucci, Liliana, Torriglia, Alicia, Torrisi, Maria Rosaria, Tournier, Cathy, Towns, Roberto, Trajkovic, Vladimir, Travassos, Leonardo H., Triola, Gemma, Tripathi, Durga Nand, Trisciuoglio, Daniela, Troncoso, Rodrigo, Trougakos, Ioannis P., Truttmann, Anita C., Tsai, Kuen-Jer, Tschan, Mario P., Tseng, Yi-Hsin, Tsukuba, Takayuki, Tsung, Allan, Tsvetkov, Andrey S., Tu, Shuiping, Tuan, Hsing-Yu, Tucci, Marco, Tumbarello, David A., Turk, Bori, Turk, Vito, Turner, Robin F.B., Tveita, Anders A., Tyagi, Suresh C., Ubukata, Makoto, Uchiyama, Yasuo, Udelnow, Andrej, Ueno, Takashi, Umekawa, Midori, Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika, Underwood, Benjamin R., Ungermann, Christian, Ureshino, Rodrigo P., Ushioda, Ryo, Uversky, Vladimir N., Uzcátegui, Néstor L., Vaccari, Thoma, Vaccaro, Maria I., Váchová, Libuše, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Helin, Valdor, Rut, Valente, Enza Maria, Vallette, Francoi, Valverde, Angela M., Van den Berghe, Greet, Van Den Bosch, Ludo, van den Brink, Gijs R., van der Goot, F. Gisou, van der Klei, Ida J., van der Laan, Luc J.W., van Doorn, Wouter G., van Egmond, Marjolein, van Golen, Kenneth L., Van Kaer, Luc, Campagne, Menno van Lookeren, Vandenabeele, Peter, Vandenberghe, Wim, Vanhorebeek, Ilse, Varela-Nieto, Isabel, Vasconcelos, M. Helena, Vasko, Radovan, Vavvas, Demetrios G., Vega-Naredo, Ignacio, Velasco, Guillermo, Velentzas, Athanassios D., Velentzas, Panagiotis D., Vellai, Tibor, Vellenga, Edo, Vendelbo, Mikkel Holm, Venkatachalam, Kartik, Ventura, Natascia, Ventura, Salvador, Veras, Patrícia S.T., Verdier, Mireille, Vertessy, Beata G., Viale, Andrea, Vidal, Michel, Vieira, Helena L.A., Vierstra, Richard D., Vigneswaran, Nadarajah, Vij, Neeraj, Vila, Miquel, Villar, Margarita, Villar, Victor H., Villarroya, Joan, Vindis, Cécile, Viola, Giampietro, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Vitale, Giovanni, Vogl, Dan T., Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V., von Haefen, Clarissa, von Schwarzenberg, Karin, Voth, Daniel E., Vouret-Craviari, Valérie, Vuori, Kristina, Vyas, Jatin M., Waeber, Christian, Walker, Cheryl Lyn, Walker, Mark J., Walter, Jochen, Wan, Lei, Wan, Xiangbo, Wang, Bo, Wang, Caihong, Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Chengshu, Wang, Chenran, Wang, Chuangui, Wang, Dong, Wang, Fen, Wang, Fuxin, Wang, Guanghui, Wang, Hai-Jie, Wang, Haichao, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Hongmin, Wang, Horng-Dar, Wang, Jing, Wang, Junjun, Wang, Mei, Wang, Mei-Qing, Wang, Pei-Yu, Wang, Peng, Wang, Richard C., Wang, Shuo, Wang, Ting-Fang, Wang, Xian, Wang, Xiao-Jia, Wang, Xiao-Wei, Wang, Xin, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanming, Wang, Ying, Wang, Ying-Jan, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Yu, Wang, Yu Tian, Wang, Yuqing, Wang, Zhi-Nong, Wappner, Pablo, Ward, Carl, Ward, Diane McVey, Warnes, Gary, Watada, Hirotaka, Watanabe, Yoshihisa, Watase, Kei, Weaver, Timothy E., Weekes, Colin D., Wei, Jiwu, Weide, Thoma, Weihl, Conrad C., Weindl, Günther, Weis, Simone Nardin, Wen, Longping, Wen, Xin, Wen, Yunfei, Westermann, Benedikt, Weyand, Cornelia M., White, Anthony R., White, Eileen, Whitton, J. Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander J., Wiels, Joëlle, Wild, Franziska, Wildenberg, Manon E., Wileman, Tom, Wilkinson, Deepti Sriniva, Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Chri, Williams, Katherine, Williamson, Peter R., Winklhofer, Konstanze F., Witkin, Steven S., Wohlgemuth, Stephanie E., Wollert, Thoma, Wolvetang, Ernst J., Wong, Esther, Wong, G. William, Wong, Richard W., Wong, Vincent Kam Wai, Woodcock, Elizabeth A., Wright, Karen L., Wu, Chunlai, Wu, Defeng, Wu, Gen Sheng, Wu, Jian, Wu, Junfang, Wu, Mian, Wu, Min, Wu, Shengzhou, Wu, William K.K., Wu, Yaohua, Wu, Zhenlong, Xavier, Cristina P.R., Xavier, Ramnik J., Xia, Gui-Xian, Xia, Tian, Xia, Weiliang, Xia, Yong, Xiao, Hengyi, Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Shi, Xiao, Wuhan, Xie, Chuan-Ming, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria, Xiong, Yuyan, Xu, Chuanshan, Xu, Congfeng, Xu, Feng, Xu, Haoxing, Xu, Hongwei, Xu, Jian, Xu, Jianzhen, Xu, Jinxian, Xu, Liang, Xu, Xiaolei, Xu, Yangqing, Xu, Ye, Xu, Zhi-Xiang, Xu, Ziheng, Xue, Yu, Yamada, Takahiro, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamanaka, Koji, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yamashiro, Shigeko, Yan, Bing, Yan, Bo, Yan, Xianghua, Yan, Zhen, Yanagi, Yasuo, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Liu, Yang, Minghua, Yang, Pei-Ming, Yang, Peixin, Yang, Qian, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Xuesong, Yang, Yi, Yang, Ying, Yang, Zhifen, Yang, Zhihong, Yao, Meng-Chao, Yao, Pamela J., Yao, Xiaofeng, Yao, Zhenyu, Yao, Zhiyuan, Yasui, Linda S., Ye, Mingxiang, Yedvobnick, Barry, Yeganeh, Behzad, Yeh, Elizabeth S., Yeyati, Patricia L., Yi, Fan, Yi, Long, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yip, Calvin K., Yoo, Yeong-Min, Yoo, Young Hyun, Yoon, Seung-Yong, Yoshida, Ken-Ichi, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Young, Ken H., Yu, Huixin, Yu, Jane J., Yu, Jin-Tai, Yu, Jun, Yu, Li, Yu, W. Haung, Yu, Xiao-Fang, Yu, Zhengping, Yuan, Junying, Yuan, Zhi-Min, Yue, Beatrice Y.J.T., Yue, Jianbo, Yue, Zhenyu, Zacks, David N., Zacksenhaus, Eldad, Zaffaroni, Nadia, Zaglia, Tania, Zakeri, Zahra, Zecchini, Vincent, Zeng, Jinsheng, Zeng, Min, Zeng, Qi, Zervos, Antonis S., Zhang, Donna D., Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Guo, Zhang, Guo-Chang, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Hongbing, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Jiangwei, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Ming-Yong, Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhang, Yan, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yanjin, Zhang, Yingmei, Zhang, Yunjiao, Zhao, Mei, Zhao, Wei-Li, Zhao, Xiaonan, Zhao, Yan G., Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Yongchao, Zhao, Yu-Xia, Zhao, Zhendong, Zhao, Zhizhuang J., Zheng, Dexian, Zheng, Xi-Long, Zheng, Xiaoxiang, Zhivotovsky, Bori, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Guang-Zhou, Zhou, Guofei, Zhou, Huiping, Zhou, Shu-Feng, Zhou, Xu-Jie, Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Hua, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Wenhua, Zhu, Xiao-Feng, Zhu, Yuhua, Zhuang, Shi-Mei, Zhuang, Xiaohong, Ziparo, Elio, Zois, Christos E., Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorzano, Antonio, and Zughaier, Susu M.
- Subjects
Molecular Biology ,Cell Biology ,Settore BIO/06 - Anatomia Comparata E Citologia - Abstract
non presente
- Published
- 2016
5. The interplay between autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced cardiac aging and pathology
- Author
-
Wohlgemuth, S. E., Calvani, Riccardo, Marzetti, Emanuele, Calvani R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Wohlgemuth, S. E., Calvani, Riccardo, Marzetti, Emanuele, Calvani R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), and Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983)
- Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a progressive increase in the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prolonged exposure to cardiovascular risk factors, together with intrinsic age-dependent declines in cardiac functionality, increases the vulnerability of the heart to both endogenous and exogenous stressors, ultimately enhancing the susceptibility to developing CVD in late life. Both increased levels of oxidative damage and the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria have been observed in a wide range of cardiac diseases, which may therefore represent a common ground upon which many aspects of CVD develop. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms whereby oxidative stress arising from mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the process of cardiac aging and in the pathogenesis of CVD highly prevalent in late life (e.g., heart failure and ischemic heart disease). Special emphasis is placed on recent evidence about the role played by alterations in cellular quality control systems, in particular autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), and their interconnections in the context of age-related CVD. Cardioprotective interventions acting through the modulation of mitochondrial autophagy (calorie restriction, calorie restriction mimetics, and the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide) are also presented. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Protein Quality Control, the Ubiquitin Proteasome System, and Autophagy". © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
- Published
- 2014
6. Long-term perturbation of muscle iron homeostasis following hindlimb suspension in old rats is associated with high levels of oxidative stress and impaired recovery from atrophy
- Author
-
Xu, J., Hwang, J. C. Y., Lees, H. A., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Knutson, M. D., Judge, A. R., Dupont-Versteegden, E. E., Marzetti, Emanuele, Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Xu, J., Hwang, J. C. Y., Lees, H. A., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Knutson, M. D., Judge, A. R., Dupont-Versteegden, E. E., Marzetti, Emanuele, Leeuwenburgh, C., and Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983)
- Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of 7 and 14. days of re-loading following 14-day muscle unweighting (hindlimb suspension, HS) on iron transport, non-heme iron levels and oxidative damage in the gastrocnemius muscle of young (6. months) and old (32. months) male Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats. Our results demonstrated that old rats had lower muscle mass, higher levels of total non-heme iron and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle in comparison with young rats. Non-heme iron concentrations and total non-heme iron amounts were 3.4- and 2.3-fold higher in aged rats as compared with their young counterparts, respectively. Seven and 14. days of re-loading was associated with higher muscle weights in young animals as compared with age-matched HS rats, but there was no difference in muscle weights among aged HS, 7 and 14. days of re-loading rats, indicating that aged rats may have a lower adaptability to muscle disuse and a lower capacity to recover from muscle atrophy. Protein levels of cellular iron transporters, such as divalent metal transport-1 (DMT1), transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1), Zip14, and ferroportin (FPN), and their mRNA abundance were determined. TfR1 protein and mRNA levels were significantly lower in aged muscle. Seven and 14. days of re-loading were associated with higher TfR1 mRNA and protein levels in young animals in comparison with their age-matched HS counterparts, but there was no difference between cohorts in aged animals, suggesting adaptive responses in the old to cope with iron deregulation. The extremely low expression of FPN in skeletal muscle might lead to inefficient iron export in the presence of iron overload and play a critical role in age-related iron accumulation in skeletal muscle. Moreover, oxidative stress was much greater in the muscles of the older animals measured as 4-hydroxy-2-nonhenal (HNE)-modified proteins and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine levels. These markers remained fairly constant with either HS or re-loading
- Published
- 2012
7. Skeletal muscle apoptotic signaling predicts thigh muscle volume and gait speed in community-dwelling older persons: An exploratory study
- Author
-
Marzetti, Emanuele, Lees, H. A., Manini, T. M., Buford, T. W., Aranda, Jr. J. M., Calvani, Riccardo, Capuani, G., Marsiske, M., Lott, D. J., Vandenborne, K., Bernabei, Roberto, Pahor, M., Leeuwenburgh, C., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Calvani R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), Bernabei R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X), Marzetti, Emanuele, Lees, H. A., Manini, T. M., Buford, T. W., Aranda, Jr. J. M., Calvani, Riccardo, Capuani, G., Marsiske, M., Lott, D. J., Vandenborne, K., Bernabei, Roberto, Pahor, M., Leeuwenburgh, C., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Calvani R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), and Bernabei R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X)
- Abstract
Background: Preclinical studies strongly suggest that accelerated apoptosis in skeletal myocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. However, evidence in humans is sparse. In the present study, we investigated whether apoptotic signaling in the skeletal muscle was associated with indices of muscle mass and function in older persons. Methodology/Principal Findings: Community-dwelling older adults were categorized into high-functioning (HF) or low-functioning (LF) groups according to their short physical performance battery (SPPB) summary score. Participants underwent an isokinetic knee extensor strength test and 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh. Vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy and assayed for the expression of a set of apoptotic signaling proteins. Age, sex, number of comorbid conditions and medications as well as knee extensor strength were not different between groups. HF participants displayed greater thigh muscle volume compared with LF persons. Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regressions showed significant correlations between caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling proteins and the muscular percentage of thigh volume (R 2 = 0.78; Q 2 = 0.61) as well as gait speed (R 2 = 0.81; Q 2 = 0.56). Significant variables in the PLS model of percent muscle volume were active caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3, cytosolic cytochrome c and mitochondrial Bak. The regression model of gait speed was mainly described by cleaved caspase-3 and mitochondrial Bax and Bak. PLS predictive apoptotic variables did not differ between functional groups. No correlation was determined between apoptotic signaling proteins and muscle strength or quality (strength per unit volume). Conclusions/Significance: Data from this exploratory study show for the first time that apoptotic signaling is correlated with indices of muscle mass and function in a cohort of community-dwelling older persons. Future larger-scale studi
- Published
- 2012
8. Age-related differences in lower extremity tissue compartments and associations with physical function in older adults
- Author
-
Buford, T. W., Lott, D. J., Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Vandenborne, K., Pahor, M., Leeuwenburgh, C., Manini, T. M., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Buford, T. W., Lott, D. J., Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Vandenborne, K., Pahor, M., Leeuwenburgh, C., Manini, T. M., and Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983)
- Abstract
The lower extremities are important to performing physical activities of daily life. This study investigated lower extremity tissue composition, i.e. muscle and fat volumes, in young and older adults and the relative importance of individual tissue compartments to the physical function of older adults. A total of 43 older (age 78.3±5.6years) and 20 younger (age 23.8±3.9years) healthy men and women participated in the study. Older participants were further classified as either high- (HF) or low-functioning (LF) according to the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Magnetic resonance images were used to determine the volumes of skeletal muscle, subcutaneous fat (SAT), and intermuscular fat (IMAT) in the thigh (femoral) and calf (tibiofibular) regions. After adjusting for the sex of participants, younger participants had more femoral muscle mass than older adults (p<0.001 for between group differences) as well as less femoral IMAT (p=0.008) and tibiofibular IMAT (p<0.001). Femoral muscle was the only tissue compartment demonstrating a significant difference between the two older groups, with HF participants having 31% more femoral muscle mass than LF participants (mean difference=103.0±34.0cm 3; p=0.011). In subsequent multiple regression models including tissue compartments and demographic confounders, femoral muscle was the primary compartment associated with both SPPB score (r 2=0.264, p=0.001) and 4-meter gait speed (r 2=0.187, p=0.007). These data suggest that aging affects all lower extremity compartments, but femoral muscle mass is the major compartment associated with physical function in older adults. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.
- Published
- 2012
9. Models of accelerated sarcopenia: Critical pieces for solving the puzzle of age-related muscle atrophy
- Author
-
Buford, T. W., Anton, S. D., Judge, A. R., Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Carter, C. S., Leeuwenburgh, C., Pahor, M., Manini, T. M., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Buford, T. W., Anton, S. D., Judge, A. R., Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Carter, C. S., Leeuwenburgh, C., Pahor, M., Manini, T. M., and Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983)
- Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a significant public health concern that continues to grow in relevance as the population ages. Certain conditions have the strong potential to coincide with sarcopenia to accelerate the progression of muscle atrophy in older adults. Among these conditions are co-morbid diseases common to older individuals such as cancer, kidney disease, diabetes, and peripheral artery disease. Furthermore, behaviors such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity are well-known to contribute to sarcopenia development. However, we argue that these behaviors are not inherent to the development of sarcopenia but rather accelerate its progression. In the present review, we discuss how these factors affect systemic and cellular mechanisms that contribute to skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, we describe gaps in the literature concerning the role of these factors in accelerating sarcopenia progression. Elucidating biochemical pathways related to accelerated muscle atrophy may allow for improved discovery of therapeutic treatments related to sarcopenia. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2010
10. Mitochondrial death effectors: Relevance to sarcopenia and disuse muscle atrophy
- Author
-
Marzetti, Emanuele, Hwang, J. C. Y., Lees, H. A., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Dupont-Versteegden, E. E., Carter, C. S., Bernabei, Roberto, Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Bernabei R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X), Marzetti, Emanuele, Hwang, J. C. Y., Lees, H. A., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Dupont-Versteegden, E. E., Carter, C. S., Bernabei, Roberto, Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), and Bernabei R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X)
- Abstract
Accelerated apoptosis in skeletal muscle is increasingly recognized as a potential mechanism contributing to the development of sarcopenia of aging and disuse muscle atrophy. Given their central role in the regulation of apoptosis, mitochondria are regarded as key players in the pathogenesis of myocyte loss during aging and other atrophying conditions. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial constituents, impaired respiration and altered mitochondrial turnover have been proposed as potential triggering events for mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. In addition, iron accumulation within mitochondria may enhance the susceptibility to apoptosis during the development of sarcopenia and possibly acute muscle atrophy, likely through exacerbation of oxidative stress. Mitochondria can induce myocyte apoptosis via both caspase-dependent and independent pathways, although the apoptogenic mediators involved may be different depending on age, muscle type and specific atrophying conditions. Despite the considerable advances made, additional research is necessary to establish a definite causal link between apoptotic signaling and the development of sarcopenia and acute atrophy. Furthermore, a translational effort is required to determine the role played by apoptosis in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and disuse-induced muscle loss in human subjects.
- Published
- 2010
11. Skeletal muscle autophagy and apoptosis during aging: Effects of calorie restriction and life-long exercise
- Author
-
Wohlgemuth, S. E., Seo, A. Y., Marzetti, Emanuele, Lees, H. A., Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Wohlgemuth, S. E., Seo, A. Y., Marzetti, Emanuele, Lees, H. A., Leeuwenburgh, C., and Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983)
- Abstract
Sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass and function, is a common feature of aging. Oxidative damage and apoptosis are likely underlying factors. Autophagy, a process for the degradation of cellular constituents, may be a mechanism to combat cell damage and death. We investigated the effect of age on autophagy and apoptosis in plantaris muscle of male Fischer 344 rats that were either fed ad libitum, or mild, life-long calorie restricted (CR) alone or combined with life-long voluntary exercise. Upstream autophagy-regulatory proteins were either upregulated with age (Beclin-1) or unchanged (Atg7 and 9). LC3 gene and protein expression pattern as well as LAMP-2 gene expression, both downstream regulators of autophagy, however, suggested an age-related decline in autophagic degradation. Atg protein expression and LC3 and LAMP-2 gene expression were improved in CR rats with or without exercise. The age-related increase in oxidative damage and apoptosis were attenuated by the treatments. Both, oxidative damage and apoptosis correlated negatively with autophagy. We conclude that mild CR attenuates the age-related impairment of autophagy in rodent skeletal muscle, which might be one of the mechanisms by which CR attenuates age-related cellular damage and cell death in skeletal muscle in vivo. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2010
12. Calorie Restriction for Optimal Cardiovascular Aging: The Weight of Evidence
- Author
-
Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Aulisa, A. G., Bernabei, Roberto, Pahor, M., Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti, E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Bernabei, R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X), Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Aulisa, A. G., Bernabei, Roberto, Pahor, M., Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti, E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), and Bernabei, R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X)
- Abstract
The epidemic of obesity and overweight is spreading worldwide. Excessive adiposity is associated with a myriad of adverse health outcomes, leading to increased health care expenditures and shortened life expectancy. In contrast to overeating, calorie restriction (CR), defined as a reduction in food intake without malnutrition, increases both mean and maximum lifespan in a variety of species by reducing the incidence of several chronic degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular disease. The constellation of health benefits brought about by CR results from biological and physiologic changes affecting fundamental processes underlying aging and age-related pathologies. Despite the beneficial properties of CR, it is likely that most people will not engage in such a dietary regimen for the long-term. Supplementation with specific compounds mimicking CR may represent a more feasible means to improve health and prolong life. However, evidence on long-term effectiveness and safety of these compounds is not yet available in humans. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
- Published
- 2010
13. Bioenergetics and permeability transition pore opening in heart subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria: Effects of aging and lifelong calorie restriction
- Author
-
Hofer, T., Servais, S., Seo, A. Y., Marzetti, Emanuele, Hiona, A., Upadhyay, S. J., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Hofer, T., Servais, S., Seo, A. Y., Marzetti, Emanuele, Hiona, A., Upadhyay, S. J., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Leeuwenburgh, C., and Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983)
- Abstract
Loss of cardiac mitochondrial function with age may cause increased cardiomyocyte death through mitochondria-mediated release of apoptogenic factors. We investigated ventricular subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar (IFM) mitochondrial bioenergetics and susceptibility towards Ca2+-induced permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening with aging and lifelong calorie restriction (CR). Cardiac mitochondria were isolated from 8-, 18-, 29- and 37-month-old male Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats fed either ad libitum (AL) or 40% calorie restricted diets. With age, H2O2 generation did not increase and oxygen consumption did not significantly decrease in either SSM or IFM. Strikingly, IFM displayed an increased susceptibility towards mPTP opening during senescence. In contrast, Ca2+ retention capacity of SSM was not affected by age, but SSM tolerated much less Ca2+ than IFM. Only modest age-dependent increases in cytosolic caspase activities and cytochrome c levels were observed and were not affected by CR. Levels of putative mPTP-modulating components: cyclophilin-D, the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), and the voltage-dependent ion channel (VDAC) were not affected by aging or CR. In summary, the age-related reduction of Ca2+ retention capacity in IFM may explain the increased susceptibility to stress-induced cell death in the aged myocardium. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2009
14. Cellular Mechanisms of Cardioprotection by Calorie Restriction: State of the Science and Future Perspectives
- Author
-
Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Anton, S. D., Bernabei, Roberto, Carter, C. S., Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Bernabei R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X), Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Anton, S. D., Bernabei, Roberto, Carter, C. S., Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), and Bernabei R. (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X)
- Abstract
Evidence from animal models and preliminary studies in humans indicates that calorie restriction (CR) delays cardiac aging and can prevent cardiovascular disease. These effects are mediated by a wide spectrum of biochemical and cellular adaptations, including redox homeostasis, mitochondrial function, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Despite the beneficial effects of CR, its large-scale implementation is challenged by applicability issues as well as health concerns. However, preclinical studies indicate that specific compounds, such as resveratrol, may mimic many of the effects of CR, thus potentially obviating the need for drastic food intake reductions. Results from ongoing clinical trials will reveal whether the intriguing alternative of CR mimetics represents a safe and effective strategy to promote cardiovascular health and delay cardiac aging in humans.
- Published
- 2009
15. Sarcopenia of aging: Underlying cellular mechanisms and protection by calorie restriction
- Author
-
Marzetti, E., Lees, H. A., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Marzetti, E., Lees, H. A., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Leeuwenburgh, C., and Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983)
- Abstract
Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and function, is a common feature of aging and impacts on individual health and quality of life. Several cellular mechanisms have been involved in the pathogenesis of this syndrome, including mitochondrial dysfunction, altered apoptotic and autophagic signaling, and, more recently, trace metal dyshomeostasis. Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition has been shown to ameliorate the age-related loss of muscle mass in a variety a species. Mechanisms of protection span from preservation of mitochondrial functional and structural integrity to mitochondrial biogenesis, reduction of oxidative stress, and favorable modulation of apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways. Importantly, preliminary evidence indicates that moderate CR may promote muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in middle-aged human subjects. Further research is warranted to investigate whether CR may represent a safe and efficient strategy to delay the onset and mitigate the progression of sarcopenia in older adults. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
- Published
- 2009
16. Mitochondrial iron accumulation with age and functional consequences
- Author
-
Seo, A. Y., Xu, J., Servais, S., Hofer, T., Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Knutson, M. D., Chung, H. Y., Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Seo, A. Y., Xu, J., Servais, S., Hofer, T., Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Knutson, M. D., Chung, H. Y., Leeuwenburgh, C., and Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983)
- Abstract
During the aging process, an accumulation of non-heme iron disrupts cellular homeostasis and contributes to the mitochondrial dysfunction typical of various neuromuscular degenerative diseases. Few studies have investigated the effects of iron accumulation on mitochondrial integrity and function in skeletal muscle and liver tissue. Thus, we isolated liver mitochondria (LM), as well as quadriceps-derived subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM), from male Fischer 344× Brown Norway rats at 8, 18, 29 and 37 months of age. Non-heme iron content in SSM, IFM and LM was significantly higher with age, reaching a maximum at 37 months of age. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) was more susceptible to the opening in aged mitochondria containing high levels of iron (i.e. SSM and LM) compared to IFM. Furthermore, mitochondrial.RNA oxidation increased significantly with age in SSM and LM, but not in IFM. Levels of mitochondrial RNA oxidation in SSM and LM correlated positively with levels of mitochondrial iron, whereas a significant negative correlation was observed between the maximum Ca2+ amounts needed to induce mPTP opening and iron contents in SSM, IFM and LM. Overall, our data suggest that age-dependent accumulation of mitochondrial iron may increase mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage, thereby enhancing the susceptibility to apoptosis. © 2008 The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/The Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
- Published
- 2008
17. Age-related activation of mitochondrial caspase-independent apoptotic signaling in rat gastrocnemius muscle
- Author
-
Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Lees, H. A., Chung, H. -Y., Giovannini, Silvia, Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Giovannini S. (ORCID:0000-0001-9125-752X), Marzetti, Emanuele, Wohlgemuth, S. E., Lees, H. A., Chung, H. -Y., Giovannini, Silvia, Leeuwenburgh, C., Marzetti E. (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), and Giovannini S. (ORCID:0000-0001-9125-752X)
- Abstract
Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis represents a central process driving age-related muscle loss. However, the temporal relation between mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and sarcopenia as well as the regulation of release of pro-apoptotic factors from the mitochondria has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in skeletal muscle of rats across a wide age range. We also investigated whether mitochondrial-driven apoptosis was accompanied by changes in the expression of Bcl-2 proteins and components of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Analyses were performed on gastrocnemius muscle of 8-, 18-, 29- and 37-month-old male Fischer344 × Brown Norway rats (9 per group). Muscle weight declined progressively with advancing age, concomitant with increased apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Cytosolic and nuclear levels of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) increased in old and senescent animals. In contrast, cytosolic levels of cytochrome c were unchanged with age. Mitochondrial Bcl-2, Bax and Bid increased dramatically in 37-month-old rats, with no changes in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in any of the age groups. Finally, expression of cyclophilin D (CyPD) was enhanced at very old age. Our findings indicate that the mitochondrial caspase-independent apoptotic pathway may play a more prominent role in skeletal muscle loss than caspase-mediated apoptosis. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2008
18. Short communication: Effect of heat stress on markers of autophagy in the mammary gland during the dry period.
- Author
-
Wohlgemuth, S. E., Ramirez-Lee, Y., Tao, S., Monteiro, A. P. A., Ahmed, B. M., and Dahl, G. E.
- Subjects
- *
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of heat , *AUTOPHAGY , *MAMMARY glands , *APOPTOSIS , *MICROTUBULES - Abstract
Heat stress (HT) during the dry period compromises mammary gland (MG) growth, thus negatively affecting subsequent milk yield. Cooling during the late dry period, when mammary tissue proliferates, is a common management practice. However, it neglects MG involution during the early dry period, a process that is accomplished by both apoptosis and autophagy. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of HT on MG autophagy during the early dry period. Holstein cows were dried off ~45 d before expected calving and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: HT or cooling (CL). All cows were housed in the same free stall barn during the dry period, but only the stall area for CL cows was equipped with soakers and fans. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured daily during the dry period. Mammary gland biopsies were collected from each cow 3 d before dry-off and on d 3, 7, 14, and 22 ± 2 after dry-off. Autophagy in the MG was determined by measuring protein expression of 2 autophagic markers, autophagy-related protein 7 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3). The average temperature-humidity index during the dry period was 77.7, which indicated that HT and CL cows were exposed to significant heat stress. However, the cooling system effectively alleviated heat strain in CL cows by decreasing the rectal temperature (39.0 vs. 39.4°C) and respiration rate (47.3 vs. 71.2 breaths per minute) relative to HT cows. Protein expression of autophagy-related protein 7, a marker for early autophagosome formation, did not change within or between groups. In contrast, protein expression of LC3-II, a marker of autophagosomes, and its precursor LC3-I showed a dynamic expression pattern in MG from CL cows during the early dry period. Relative to HT cows, MG from CL cows displayed higher expression of LC3-I and LC3-II on d 7 and lower expression of LC3-II on d 14 and 22 after dry-off. Collectively, our data provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the impairment of MG capacity in HT dairy cows. Heat stress-related perturbations of autophagic activity may compromise the regenerative MG involution that is necessary for optimal cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Effects of heat stress and dietary zinc source on performance and mammary epithelial integrity of lactating dairy cows.
- Author
-
Weng X, Monteiro APA, Guo J, Li C, Orellana RM, Marins TN, Bernard JK, Tomlinson DJ, DeFrain JM, Wohlgemuth SE, and Tao S
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animals, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements analysis, Female, Lactation, Random Allocation, Zinc administration & dosage, Cattle physiology, Epithelial Cells physiology, Hot Temperature adverse effects, Mammary Glands, Animal physiology, Stress, Physiological physiology, Zinc metabolism
- Abstract
Dietary Zn and heat stress alter gut integrity in monogastric animals. However, effects of Zn on mammary epithelial integrity in heat-stressed lactating dairy cows have not been studied. Multiparous lactating Holstein cows (n = 72) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to study the effects of environment and Zn source on performance and mammary epithelial integrity. Treatments included 2 environments [cooled (CL) or not cooled (NC)] and 2 Zn sources [75 mg/kg of supplemental Zn as Zn hydroxychloride (IOZ) or 35 mg/kg of Zn hydroxychloride + 40 mg/kg of Zn-Met complex (ZMC)]. The experiment was divided into baseline and environmental challenge phases of 84 d each. All cows were cooled during the baseline phase (temperature-humidity index = 72.5), whereas NC cows were not cooled during environmental challenge (temperature-humidity index = 77.7). Mammary biopsies were collected on d 7 and 56 relative to the onset of environmental challenge to analyze gene expression of claudin 1, 4, and 8, zonula occludens 1, 2, and 3, occludin, and E-cadherin and protein expression of occludin and E-cadherin. Deprivation of cooling increased respiration rate (64.8 vs. 73.9 breaths/min) and vaginal temperature (39.03 vs. 39.94°C) and decreased dry matter intake (26.7 vs. 21.6 kg/d). Energy-corrected milk yield decreased for NC cows relative to CL cows (24.5 vs. 34.1 kg/d). An interaction between environment and Zn source occurred for milk fat content as CL cows fed ZMC had lower milk fat percentage than other groups. Relative to CL cows, NC cows had lower concentrations of lactose (4.69 vs. 4.56%) and solids-not-fat (8.46 vs. 8.32%) but a higher concentration of milk urea nitrogen (9.07 vs. 11.02 mg/mL). Compared with IOZ, cows fed ZMC had lower plasma lactose concentration during baseline and tended to have lower plasma lactose concentration during environmental challenge. Plasma lactose concentration tended to increase at 3, 5, and 41 d after the onset of environmental challenge in NC cows relative to CL cows. Treatment had no effect on milk BSA concentration. Cows fed ZMC tended to have higher gene expression of E-cadherin relative to IOZ. Compared with CL, NC cows had increased gene expression of occludin and E-cadherin and tended to have increased claudin 1 and zonula occludens 1 and 2 gene expression in the mammary gland. Protein expression of occludin and E-cadherin was unchanged. In conclusion, removing active cooling impairs lactation performance and affects gene expression of proteins involved in the mammary epithelial barrier, and feeding a portion of dietary zinc as ZMC improves the integrity of the mammary epithelium., (Copyright © 2018 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Ventilatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia and sulphide in the lugworm Arenicola marina (L.).
- Author
-
Wohlgemuth SE, Taylor AC, and Grieshaber MK
- Subjects
- Aerobiosis, Animals, Energy Metabolism, Respiration drug effects, Sarcosine metabolism, Succinic Acid metabolism, Sulfides metabolism, Oxygen administration & dosage, Polychaeta physiology, Sarcosine analogs & derivatives, Sulfides pharmacology
- Abstract
We examined the effects of hypoxia and sulphide levels on the ventilatory activity of Arenicola marina and determined whether ventilation compensates for oxygen deficiency and affects the mode of energy provision. A. marina ventilated intermittently, irrespective of ambient P(O2) and sulphide concentration. The ventilation rate was 28.5+/-16 ml h(-1) g(-1) wet mass during normoxia, but increased to 175+/-60% of this value during moderate hypoxia, during which aerobic energy metabolism was maintained. Below a P(O2) of 6.2 kPa, A. marina reduced the ventilated volume to 54+/-16% of the normoxic value and became anaerobic, as indicated by the accumulation of succinate and strombine. Incubation with 27 micromol l(-1) ambient sulphide had no effect on the normoxic and hypoxic ventilation rates or on the P(O2) below which anaerobiosis started (P(cM)). Increased sulphide concentrations reduced the ventilation rate and shifted the P(cM) towards a higher P(O2) below 10.7 kPa. Sulphide diffused into the body and was at least partially detoxified to thiosulphate when oxygen was present. Under normoxia, sulphide accumulated in the body wall tissue and coelomic fluid when ambient sulphide levels exceeded 117 micromol l(-1) and 216 micromol l(-1), respectively. A decrease in P(O2) in the presence of 27 or 117 micromol l(-1) ambient sulphide had no significant effect on sulphide accumulation.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.