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863 results on '"Wohlfahrt, J."'

1. Inflammatory Risk Factors for Chronic Subdural Hematoma in a Nationwide Cohort

Author

Jensen TSR, Thiesson EM, Fugleholm K, Wohlfahrt J, and Munch TN

Subjects
head trauma, inflammation, trauma, anti-inflammatory treatment, risk factors, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Thorbjørn Søren Rønn Jensen,1 Emilia Myrup Thiesson,2 Kåre Fugleholm,1 Jan Wohlfahrt,2,3 Tina Nørgaard Munch1,2 1Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark; 2Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, DK-2300, Denmark; 3Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, DK-2100, DenmarkCorrespondence: Thorbjørn Søren Rønn Jensen, Email tjens07@gmail.comBackground: The discovery of biomarkers in chronic subdural haematomas (CSDH) suggests that inflammation is part of CSDH pathophysiology. It is unknown whether inflammation reflects an independent CSDH driver or haematoma degeneration. This knowledge holds a potential target for anti-inflammatory treatment in patients at risk of CSDH. This study investigated the association of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors with CSDH development.Methods: This cohort study included all individuals in Denmark over 50 years between 2007– 2018. The outcome was first-time CSDH surgery. Hazard ratios (HR) according to potential risk factors were estimated using Cox regression, with age as underlying time scale.Results: Among the 2,391,853 individuals, head trauma was registered in 427,612 individuals (17%), and among these, only 812 were operated for CSDH (0.18%). Among individuals without registered head trauma, the pro-inflammatory conditions of alcohol addiction, diabetes, anti-hypertensive treatment, and chronic hepatic disease were significantly associated with CSDH among individuals (50– 74 years). The use of glucocorticoids displayed a decreased risk in cohort members aged 75 and older. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and statins appeared to be risk factors for CSDH in individuals between the ages of 50– 64 and 65– 74.Conclusion: Although head trauma was a risk factor for CSDH, the absolute risk was low (0.18%), which does not support preventive measures after emergency room contacts for head trauma. Interestingly, pro-and anti-inflammatory factors were significantly associated with CSDH in patients without registered head trauma, and the pronounced age-dependency of the associations suggests that the pathophysiological mechanisms vary with age.Keywords: head trauma, inflammation, trauma, anti-inflammatory treatment, risk factors

Published
2024

5. School performance in children with infantile hydrocephalus: a nationwide cohort study

Author

Schmidt LB, Corn G, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M, and Munch TN

Subjects
pediatric hydrocephalus, long-term outcome, prognosis, school performance, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Linnea Boegeskov Schmidt,1 Giulia Corn,1 Jan Wohlfahrt,1 Mads Melbye,1–3 Tina Noergaard Munch1,4 1Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 3Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; 4Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Purpose: Little is known about the prognosis for school performance among children with all-cause infantile hydrocephalus (IHC). Using detailed educational data, we investigated the school performance for IHC patients compared to other children in Denmark. Patients and methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study of all live-born children in Denmark (1977–2015) based on data from the Danish national health registers and the Danish educational register. The cumulative chance of completing school at age 18 years was estimated using the Aalen–Johansen estimator. The relative risks presented as ORs for not completing school, obtaining grades, or obtaining a grade point average below the national mean value were estimated using a logistic regression model. Results: The cohort included 2,381,413 children, and of these, 2,573 were diagnosed with IHC. A total of 86% of IHC children completed compulsory school compared to 96% among other children; only 62% of IHC children who completed school received marks vs 96% among other children. Mediation analyses indicated that one-third of these poorer performances in IHC children could be attributable to their higher prevalence of epilepsy, spasticity, visual disturbances, autism, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Completion rates were similar for isolated and non-isolated hydrocephalus, and did not vary by age at diagnosis or number of surgeries. Of the children with isolated IHC, 73% obtained grades vs 58% of the children with non-isolated IHC. Poorer school performance in IHC children was also observed when considering age at school start, grade point average, and completion of further education. Conclusion: The poorer school performance among IHC children is particularly reflected by the larger proportion not obtaining grades compared to other children. However, the performance of the IHC children obtaining grades is comparable to that of other children. Keywords: pediatric hydrocephalus, long-term outcome, prognosis, school performance

Published
2018

6. Familial aggregation of tonsillectomy in early childhood and adolescence

Author

Bager P, Corn G, Wohlfahrt J, Boyd HA, Feenstra B, and Melbye M

Subjects
Tonsillitis, epidemiology, hereditary, risk factors, infection, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Peter Bager, Giulia Corn, Jan Wohlfahrt, Heather A Boyd, Bjarke Feenstra, Mads Melbye Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark Background: The tonsils are immunological gatekeepers against pathogens. Immunological response to tonsillitis may vary clinically from no enlargement of the tonsils to nearly obstructive conditions. In this investigation, we studied the familial aggregation of tonsillectomy, as an indicator of the extent to which tonsillar immune responses to infections might be genetically controlled. Methods: Data on kinship relations and vital status from the Danish Civil Registration System were used to establish a cohort of Danes with relatives born since 1977. Tonsillectomies in all hospitals and clinics from 1977 to 2013 were identified in national registers together with the indication for tonsillectomy. Rate ratios (RRs) for tonsillectomy >1 year after tonsillectomy in specific types of relatives (first to fourth degree) were estimated in Poisson regression models with adjustment for calendar period, sex, age, and total number of specified relatives. Results: A cohort of 2.4 million persons was followed for 44,100,697 million person-years (mean 18.4 years/person), and included 148,190 tonsillectomies. RRs of tonsillectomy were consistently higher when the relatedness and the number of tonsillectomized relatives were higher. RRs were similar in boys and girls, but were larger in early childhood. Additional analyses suggested that this relatively higher RR at younger ages was due to a larger influence of shared environment at younger ages, whereas the genetic influence was similar at all ages. Results were similar for tonsillectomies performed strictly due to tonsillitis. Conclusions: Genetic factors appear to predispose to severe tonsillitis underlying tonsillectomies, regardless of age and sex. Further studies are needed to understand how genes regulate the tonsils’ immune response against infections. Keywords: tonsillitis, epidemiology, hereditary, risk factors, infection

Published
2018

14. Novel heat-treatment sufficiently controls Varrtoa levels in honeybees colonies

Author

Sandrock, C., Wohlfahrt, J., Hasselmann, M., Brunner, W., Brunner, P., Sandrock, C., Wohlfahrt, J., Hasselmann, M., Brunner, W., and Brunner, P.

Abstract

For decades, the honeybee, Apis mellifera, has suffered from severe colony losses due to the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. Routine chemical treatments fail to mediate equilibrium and often comprise substantial trade-offs like side-effects on the host, parasite-resistance and residues in bee products. Research on alternative, minimally invasive yet resilient measures is scarce. Lower mite tolerance to high temperatures compared to its host has the potential to kill adult parasites or interrupt reproduction within bee brood cells, but readily implementable applications have so far been lacking. We investigated a high-tech approach based on controlled interval-heating of wires integrated into individual combs beeswax foundations. Three apiaries, each with an average of six control and treatment colonies were monitored for two years. Seasonal colony growth dynamics were documented (estimates of worker and brood populations plus pollen and honey stores) and complemented by regular tracking of Varroa infestations. Impacts on various brood stages were evaluated by comprehensive digital brood assessment. Moreover, we conducted dedicated transcriptomic and pathogen profiling for pupae and nurse bee samples. Our field study proves that this innovative heat-treatment permits maintaining mite levels below critical thresholds across seasons. Winter reference-curing (oxalic acid) applied to both groups revealed similar infestations of heat-treated and control colonies, the latter previously being subjected to summer-treatments (formic acid). However, increased mortality particularly of early non-target brood stages, corroborated by altered pupal gene expression, appears to trigger excessive brood compensation of heat-treated colonies, overall translating into relatively decreased worker populations during peak growth, and consequently lower honey harvests. Further refining computational sensitivity of the highly promising prototype may adequately enable this system to ach

Published
2022

20. Deciphering the evolutionary history of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, on a global scale

Author

Sandrock, C., Kaya, C., Kapun, M., Wohlfahrt, J., and Blanckenhorn, W.U.

Subjects
Animal husbandry
Abstract

Insects are considered promising candidates for improving agronomic sustainability. Contrary to conventional livestock, however, genetic resources of farmed insects remain poorly characterized. We genotyped almost 3,000 black soldier fly (BSF) specimens from 150 wild and captive populations collected in 57 countries worldwide with newly developed microsatellite markers, providing individual genetic fingerprints throughout. Substantial global population genetic structure was detected by various complementary approaches such as analyses of molecular variance, pairwise population differentiation, isolation by distance, cluster analyses, and coalescence-based modelling, which further revealed complex sub-structuring shaped by naturally derived geographic distribution and human-mediated breed formation. In-depth reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the BSF using our novel highly resolving molecular tool kit infers ancient indigenous range expansions emanating from genetic hotspots within the Americas, and further dynamic demographic trajectories to all other non-native continents in recent history, resulting in pronounced diversification of genetically unique wild lineages via colonization from single-sources or intra specific admixture events. Conversely, globally predominant captive populations show reduced genetic diversity and, despite featuring distinct breeding-mediated footprints, trace back to a single origin that exhibits marked signatures of domestication. Fuelled by common mass-rearing operations, presently ongoing introgression between commercialized domesticated strains and wild populations was found to threaten the genetic integrity of local populations in some regions. Our comprehensive worldwide population genetic inventory of the BSF provides a benchmark for necessary investigation of this fly’s evolutionary ecology, and particularly allows fast and reliable genetic characterization in applied BSF research, with implications on harnessing the potential of this insect for solving urgent socio-economic challenges.

Published
2021

30. Polycystic ovary syndrome and offspring risk of congenital heart defects:a nationwide cohort study

Author

Schmidt, A. B., Lund, M., Wohlfahrt, J., Melbye, M., Schmidt, A. B., Lund, M., Wohlfahrt, J., and Melbye, M.

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION: Is maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) associated with increased offspring risk of congenital heart defects? SUMMARY ANSWER: This study does not support a strong association between PCOS and an increased risk of congenital heart defects. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: In addition to affecting reproductive health, PCOS may involve insulin resistance. Maternal pregestational diabetes is associated with an increased risk of congenital heart defects and therefore PCOS may increase the risk of congenital heart defects in the offspring. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: In this nationwide cohort study, we used data from Danish health registers collected from 1995 to 2018. The study included 1 302 648 offspring and their mothers. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Participants were live singleton offspring born during the study period. Information on maternal PCOS and offspring congenital heart defects was obtained from the National Patient Register. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute prevalence (odds) ratio (PR) of the association between PCOS and offspring congenital heart defects. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Among 1 302 648 live-born singletons, 11 804 had a mother with PCOS. Of these, 143 offspring had a congenital heart defect (prevalence 121 per 10 000) as compared with 12 832 among mothers without PCOS (prevalence 99 per 10 000). The adjusted PR was 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.44 comparing prevalence of congenital heart defects in offspring of women with PCOS with offspring of women without. After adjusting for the potentially mediating effect of pregestational diabetes, the PR was 1.16, 95% CI 0.98-1.37. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: PCOS may be underdetected in the National Patient Register. However, we expect that the mothers that we identified with PCOS truly had PCOS, thus, the estimated associations are not likely to be affected by this misclassification. The study does not provide evidence to rule out a moderate or weak

Published
2020

31. Temporal trend in paediatric infections in Denmark

Author

Kamper-Jorgensen, M., Wohlfahrt, J., Simonsen, J., Thrane, N., and Benn, C.S.

Subjects
Communicable diseases in children -- Forecasts and trends, Hospital utilization -- Research, Market trend/market analysis
Published
2006

40. Corrigendum to ‘Plasma concentrations of long chain N-3 fatty acids in early and mid-pregnancy and risk of early preterm birth’

Author

Olsen, S.F., primary, Halldorsson, T.I., additional, Thorne-Lyman, A.L., additional, Strøm, M., additional, Gørtz, S., additional, Granstrøm, C., additional, Nielsen, P.H., additional, Wohlfahrt, J., additional, Lykke, J.A., additional, Langhoff-Roos, J., additional, Cohen, A.S., additional, Furtado, J.D., additional, Giovannucci, E.L., additional, and Zhou, W., additional

Published
2020
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48. Performance of larvae of different black soldier fly genotypes on different feed substrates – a first step towards genotype-specific feeding recommendations

Author

Sandrock, C., Leupi, S., Wohlfahrt, J., Leiber, F.., and Kreuzer, M.

Subjects
Feeding and growth, Poultry
Abstract

Insects are considered as promising future dietary protein source for poultry and aquaculture feeding. The most wide-spread source are black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. Literature indicates that life history performance and body composition of BSF larvae are extremely variable. This restricts the prediction of the nutritional quality of insect-based feeds and economic performance in general. Feed substrate for BSF larvae is one major driver for the observed variation, as documented in a number of reports. Yet, pronounced differences were still found for comparable feed substrates across studies. These have mostly been attributed to different experimental settings whereas potential influences of BSF genetics have largely been neglected, also because appropriate monitoring tools were lacking. In a fully crossed factorial design we compared the performance of four genetically distinct BSF strains (inferred from newly developed polymorphic nuclear genetic markers) grown on three feed substrates with six replicates each. Various growth and compositional traits were determined. Both factors, feed substrate and BSF genetics, as well as the interaction between the two, were found to have a highly significant impact on virtually all investigated life history traits (mortality, growth dynamics, average larval weight) and body compositional characteristics (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract) of harvested larvae. The same applied for feed conversion ratio, nitrogen efficiency, degradation of fibre in the digestive tract as well as nitrogen and carbon emissions. Frequently detected stronger differences between genotypes within feed substrates than within genotypes across feed substrates show that BSF genetics is key for interpreting and triggering outcomes. However, the findings also indicate that larvae of different genetic origin have different nutritional requirements, further suggesting that optimal feeds may vary across BSF strains, or vice versa, that based on the choice of the latter, different available rearing substrates may be exploited with different success. Our results imply that efficiency and sustainability of BSF productions may be substantially increased by considering BSF genetics and interactions with feed substrate composition. They provide ideas for targeted objectives to be implemented in efficient BSF larvae production. Ample indication for BSF genotypespecific effects also provides valuable insights for pinpointed BSF breeding strategies.

Published
2019

50. Assessing the Microbiota of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Reared on Organic Waste Streams on Four Different Locations at Laboratory and Large Scale

Author

Wyants, E., Frooninckx, L., Crauwels, S., Verreth, C., De Smet, J., Sandrock, C., Wohlfahrt, J., Van Schelt, J., Depraetere, S., Lievens, B., Van Miert, S., Claes, J., Van Campenhout, L., Wyants, E., Frooninckx, L., Crauwels, S., Verreth, C., De Smet, J., Sandrock, C., Wohlfahrt, J., Van Schelt, J., Depraetere, S., Lievens, B., Van Miert, S., Claes, J., and Van Campenhout, L.

Abstract

This study aimed to gain insight into the microbial quality, safety and bacterial community composition of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) reared at different facilities on a variety of organic waste streams. For seven rearing cycles, both on laboratory-scale and in large-scale facilities at several locations, the microbiota of the larvae was studied. Also samples of the substrate used and the residue (= leftover substrate after rearing, existing of non-consumed substrate, exuviae and faeces) were investigated. Depending on the sample, it was subjected to plate counting, Illumina Miseq sequencing and/or detection of specific food pathogens. The results revealed that the substrates applied at the various locations differed substantially in microbial numbers as well as in the bacterial community composition. Furthermore, little similarity was observed between the microbiota of the substrate and that of the larvae reared on that substrate. Despite substantial differences between the microbiota of larvae reared at several locations, 48 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared by all larvae, among which most belonged to the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Although the substrate is assumed to be an important source of bacteria, our results suggest that a variety of supposedly interacting factors-both abiotic and biotic-are likely to affect the microbiota in the larvae. In some larvae and/or residue samples, potential foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella and Bacillus cereus were detected, emphasising that decontamination technologies are required when the larvae are used in feed, just as for other feed ingredients, or eventually in food.

Published
2019

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