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Background: Despite clinical interventional studies on the influence of diet on periodontal inflammatory parameters, there has been no practice-based cross-sectional study from a German population to date that has conducted both a comprehensive dental and periodontal examination and a thorough validated assessment of dietary behavior. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate, in a proof of concept, whether there is a correlation between the overall periodontal inflammatory surface area (PISA), periodontal clinical parameters (pocket probing depths (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), furcation involvement (FI), tooth mobility (TM)), and the dietary behavior of patients with periodontal disease when utilizing a practice-based research network. The primary outcome was the correlation between the periodontal inflammatory surface (PISA) and the dietary assessment data. Materials and Methods: The practice-based research network, consisting of eight Master's graduates, recruited patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed a periodontal examination together with the assessment of dietary behavior using a digital version of the validated retrospective dietary recall (DEGS/RKI). Statistical analyses included linear regression models adjusted for age and smoking and unpaired t-tests, conducted using STATA 17.0 with a significance level of 5%. In addition, the data obtained were classified according to the currently recommended amounts of daily intake. Results: A total of 1283 teeth were analyzed, with 60.25% (773 teeth) requiring treatment. The average PISA was 753.16 mm2 (SD ± 535.75 mm). Based on dietary guidelines, the studied population consumed excessive amounts of extrinsic sugars and fats, while their fiber and legume intake was insufficient. The intake of certain nutrients, including water-soluble fibers, specific fatty acids, vitamins (D, B1, B2, B6, and B12), iron, and zinc, was associated with reduced PISA, PPD, CAL, and BOP. Conclusion: Within the limits of the current study, including its cross-sectional design and cohort size, the outcomes demonstrated the influence of nutrition on periodontal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the suitability of a Doppler ultrasound probe in detecting the greater palatine artery or its greater branches non‐invasively. Materials and Methods: The palatal mucosa of 108 participants (median age 34 years, 51 female) was systematically divided into transversal sectors, each aligning with the positions of the upper molars (M), premolars (P) and canine teeth (C), aiming to facilitate precise and consistent localization of the detected palatal blood vessel across different patients. Blood flow of the palatal blood vessels, presumably, was located by scanning the palatal vault bilaterally using an 8‐MHz ultrasound probe linked to a transducer. The distance to the corresponding tooth was measured using a millimetre‐scale periodontal probe. Results: Within the regions of M2 to P1, the ultrasound transducer gave a delimitable acoustic pulse signal in 80%–98% of all measurements. The measured median distances between the determined position of the artery and the corresponding teeth ranged from 13 to 15 mm, with smaller distances in the anterior region. In several sectors, the distance was significantly higher for men (C: p =.048; P1: p =.041, M1: p <.01; M2: p =.034). Conclusions: Use of the Doppler ultrasound transducer might be a promising approach to non‐invasively detect relevant palatine blood vessels preoperatively. It, therefore, might have the potential to reduce the risk of accidental injury during palatal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to determine the association between plaque and gingival inflammation reported by dietary interventions. Data of four clinical studies dealing with changed nutrition and gingival examination were reanalyzed with regard to gingival inflammation (GI), plaque (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Dietary changes basically involved avoiding sugar, white flour and sweetened drinks and focusing on whole foods for 4 weeks. The control groups were to maintain their usual diet. All participants had to reduce their oral hygiene efforts. Linear regression models taking the clustering of the data due to several studies into account were applied. In total, data of 92 participants (control groups: 39, test-groups 53) were reanalyzed. While both groups showed a slight increase in dental plaque, only the test groups showed a significant decrease in inflammatory parameters: GI (mean value difference End-Baseline (Δ): −0.31 (±SD 0.36)) and BOP (Δ: −15.39% (±16.07)), both p < 0.001. In the control groups, there was a constant relation between PI and GI, while the experimental group showed a decreasing relationship in GI/PI (p = 0.016), and even an inverted relationship BOP/PI under a changed diet (p = 0.031). In conclusion, diet seems to be a determining factor how the gingiva reacts towards dental plaque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic literature review was performed regarding the accuracy and usefulness of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the field of periodontology. A total of 580 articles were identified, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. Results showed a high accuracy of CBCT in visualizing periodontal structures and the demonstrated the usefulness of CBCT in regenerative periodontal surgery of maxillary molars. It remains questionable whether this gain of additional information actually leads to a better clinical outcome in periodontal treatment. Currently, the use of CBCT in periodontology should be restricted to complex periodontal cases, particularly those involving maxillary molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence‐based method of promoting oral healthcare behaviour. Conventional training of MI is a time‐consuming and costly aspect in the dental curriculum. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptance of a MI‐blended learning programme for dental students. Materials and Methods: Dental students had to perform an interdisciplinary created "ecourse Motivational Interviewing in medical settings" (eMI‐med). After completion, patient‐student interviews were recorded and evaluated using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Code (MITI‐d). Furthermore, the students' self‐efficacy regarding smoking cessation and oral hygiene motivation was examined and the acceptance of the tool was enquired. Results: Forty interviews with 25 different students were analysed with the MITI‐d. Students showed high levels of MI‐adherent behaviour (15.45 ± 6.98), open‐ended questions (9.95 ± 6.90) and reflections (10.43 ± 8.85), which were comparable to previous classroom trainings. In addition, 90% of the students preferred e‐learning over classroom teaching. Furthermore, the students' therapeutical self‐efficacies were significantly increased by the programme. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the created e‐learning programme was able to equip dental students with basic knowledge and MI skills. Furthermore, learning MI through e‐learning may heighten the self‐efficacy of dental students regarding smoking cessation and oral hygiene promotion. Students showed a high acceptance of e‐learning, preferring it over traditional learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 6‐week Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention on gingival inflammatory and anthropometric parameters of patients with gingivitis. Materials and methods: Forty‐two participants were allocated to MD group (MDG) or control group (CG). After a 2‐week equilibration period regarding dental care procedures, only MDG changed their diet to MD for 6 weeks, supported by a diet counselling. Gingival and anthropometric parameters were assessed at baseline (T0), Week 2 (T1, beginning of MD intervention), and Week 8 (T2). Adherence to MD was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS); dietary behaviour was evaluated by the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults Food Frequency Questionnaire (DEGS‐FFQ). Results: Plaque values remained constant in both groups. Inflammatory periodontal and anthropometric parameters decreased in the MDG only (gingival index: T1 1.51 ± 0.21, T2 1.49 ± 0.24; bleeding on probing: T1 51.00 ± 14.65, T2 39.93 ± 13.74; body weight: T1 79.01 ± 15.62, T2 77.29 ± 17.00; waist circumference: T1 84.41 ± 10.1, T2 83.17 ± 10.47 (p <.05). MEDAS revealed a sufficient diet adherence for MDG. Conclusion: Within this study, gingival inflammatory parameters were significantly reduced by MD, whereas plaque parameters remained constant. The diet counselling achieved sufficient adherence with beneficial changes in weight loss and waist circumference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Dental peri-implantitis is characterized by a multifactorial etiology. The role of metal elements as an etiological factor for peri-implantitis is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of metal elements in bone and mucosal tissues around dental Grade 4 CP titanium implants with signs of peri-implantitis in human patients. Methods In this prospective pilot study, all patients were enrolled consecutively in two study centers. Bone and soft tissue samples of patients with peri-implantitis with indication for explantation were analyzed for the incidence of different elements (Ca, P, Ti, Fe) by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ( SRXRF) and polarized light microscopy ( PLM). The existence of macrophages and lymphocytes in the histologic specimens was analyzed. Results Biopsies of 12 patients (seven bone samples, five mucosal samples) were included and analyzed. In nine of the 12 samples (75%), the SRXRF examination revealed the existence of titanium (Ti) and an associated occurrence with Iron (Fe). Metal particles were detected in peri-implant soft tissue using PLM. In samples with increased titanium concentration, lymphocytes were detected, whereas M1 macrophages were predominantly seen in samples with metal particles. Conclusion Titanium and Iron elements were found in soft and hard tissue biopsies retrieved from peri-implantitis sites. Further histologic and immunohistochemical studies need to clarify which specific immune reaction metal elements/particles induce in dental peri-implant tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]