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Das Luftmanagementsystem eines Brennstoffzellenflugzeugs versorgt die Brennstoffzelle mit verdichteter, befeuchteter und erwärmter Umgebungsluft. Die Wahl der optimalen Betriebsparameter und der besten Systemarchitektur ist insbesondere in großen Flughöhen eine komplexe Optimierungsaufgabe. Diese Arbeit untersucht auf Grundlage eines analytischen Modells den Entwurfsraum eines solchen Luftmanagementsystems. Als wichtigste Freiheitsgrade konnten die Wahl des Verdichtungsverhältnisses, der Sauerstoffstöchiometrie und der Befeuchtung stromauf der Brennstoffzelle identifiziert werden. Die wesentlichen Limitierungen des Entwurfsraums sind die Wasserbilanzen von Brennstoffzelle und System, sowie die maximal mögliche Befeuchtung. Für zwei Anwendungsfälle wurden optimale Betriebsparameter und Systemarchitekturen bestimmt. Es wurde gezeigt, dass Turbinen von grundlegender Bedeutung für den Wasserhaushalt und die Effizienz des Systems sind. Außerdem ist in den meisten Fällen eine Verdampfungskühlung der verdichteten Luft ausreichend. Ein Wärmetauscher wird nicht benötigt.

he postsynaptic apparatus of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) traps and anchors acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at high density at the synapse. We have previously shown that microtubule (MT) capture by CLASP2 a MT plus end tracking protein (+TIP) increases the size and receptor density of AChR clusters at the NMJ through the delivery of AChRs and that this is regulated by a pathway involving neuronal agrin and several postsynaptic kinases including GSK3. Phosphorylation by GSK3 has been shown to cause CLASP2 dissociation from MT ends and nine potential phosphorylation sites for GSK3 have been mapped on CLASP2. How CLASP2 phosphorylation regulates MT capture at the NMJ and how this controls the size of AChR clusters are not yet understood. To examine this we used myotubes cultured on agrin patches that induce AChR clustering in a two dimensional manner. We show that expression of a CLASP2 mutant in which the nine GSK3 target serines are mutated to alanine (CLASP2–9XS/9XA) and are resistant to GSK3ß dependent phosphorylation promotes MT capture at clusters and increases AChR cluster size compared with myotubes that express similar levels of wild type CLASP2 or that are noninfected. Conversely myotubes expressing a phosphomimetic form of CLASP2 (CLASP2–8XS/D) show enrichment of immobile mutant CLASP2 in clusters but MT capture and AChR cluster size are reduced. Taken together our data suggest that both GSK3ß dependent phosphorylation and the level of CLASP2 play a role in the maintenance of AChR cluster size through the regulated capture and release of MT plus ends.

In this paper a neww approach, consisting of hydrothermal carbonization in combination with gasification in an entrained-flow pprocess for combined heat and power in a gas engine iis investigated. Main advantage of such a system are the l low consumption costs resulting from the type of applicable feeding materials that are not usable with state of the art te echnologies. In the first part a highly integrated plant for the production of biocoal with hydrothermal carbonization is investigated with a plant size of 16 MW of biocoal produ uction. The process is modeled in Aspen Plus® in order to o determine energy and material flows as well as to optimiz ze the heat integration of the system. The decentralized uti ilization of biocoal from hydrothermal carbonization in an e entrained-flow gasifier is simulated for a plant size of 1.6 MMW biocoal input. Efficiencies of the heat and power genera ation are calculated for individual components and the who ole process chain. Power can be produced with an overall electric efficiency of 26 %., Proceedings of the 22nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 23-26 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 458-461

In this paper a new approach, consisting of hydrothermal carbonization in combination with gasification in an entrained-flow process for combined heat and power in a gas engine is investigated. Main advantage of such a system are the low consumption costs resulting from the type of applicable feeding materials that are not usable with state of the art technologies. In the first part a highly integrated plant for the production of biocoal with hydrothermal carbonization is investigated with a plant size of 16 MW of biocoal production. The process is modeled in Aspen Plus® in order to determine energy and material flows as well as to optimize the heat integration of the system. The decentralized utilization of biocoal from hydrothermal carbonization in an entrained-flow gasifier is simulated for a plant size of 1.6 MW biocoal input. Efficiencies of the heat and power generation are calculated for individual components and the whole process chain. Power can be produced with an overall electric efficiency of 26 %.