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Pregnancy increases metabolic demand for insulin and may lead to the exhaustion of intraportally transplanted islets and post-gestational hyperglycemia. To prevent these complications, we implemented preemptive insulin supplementation during two subsequent pregnancies in an insulin-independent islet transplant recipient. This strategy resulted in optimal blood glucose control during the pregnancies, the preservation of the optimal islet graft function and the postpartum maintenance of long-term insulin independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Dental caries is a chronic disease that affects a child's dentition from the first stages of life. Several factors contribute to the development of the disease, including an improper diet. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify risk factors of dental caries in 12-year-old adolescents from Greater Poland and Lubusz Provinces (Poland). (2) Material and methods: The research was conducted in adolescents from five primary schools. A questionnaire consisted of close-ended questions on socioeconomic characteristics on family, diet, and oral hygiene habits. An assessment of the dentition was carried out in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. In addition to cavitated carious lesions, incipient caries lesions were noted according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System, adapted for epidemiological studies (ICDASepiDMFt). (3) Results: The mean number of teeth with untreated caries; removed due to caries; and restored because of caries (DMFt) was 1.52 ± 1.90, while the ICDASepiDMFt index amounted to 2.64 ± 2.55, respectively. Children who did not brush every day had significantly higher odds of having ICDASepiDMFt > 0 than children brushing at least once daily (OR = 10.32, 95% CI = 1.36–78.32, p = 0.0240). Adolescents who drank sweet carbonated drinks every day had significantly higher ICDASepiDMTt than children who drank sweet carbonated drinks less frequently (p = 0.0477). (4) Conclusions: The research revealed that dental caries indices of 12-year-old adolescents from Greater Poland and Lubusz Provinces depend mainly on oral hygiene behaviors. The only significant nutritional factor that differentiated the caries intensity was the daily consumption of sweet carbonated drinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New bio‐based dietary supplement with micronutrients for livestock was elaborated. The new preparation was tested on laying hens to determine the influence of new biological feed additives on the level of trace elements in egg content. The diet of laying hens (Hy‐Line Brown, 30 weeks of age) was supplemented with soya bean meal enriched with Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III) by biosorption. A total of 150 laying hens were divided into five groups: one control and four experimental. In the control group, microelements were supplemented in the inorganic form, whereas in experimental groups, Cu, Zn, Fe and Cr were replaced with soya bean meal enriched with a given microelement ion. The feeding experiment was conducted for 12 weeks and was divided into three series. The results showed that adding the new feed additives to the diet of laying hens had an impact on microelement transfer to eggs, in particular with increased dosing. Eggs were biofortified with iron, zinc and copper and to a lesser extent with chromium. The microelements were accumulated primarily in the albumen because soy protein was the carrier of micronutrient ions in hens' diet. Transfer of trace elements to eggs was not linearly dependent on the dosage of biologically bound microelements in the diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a noxious byproduct of the mushroom industry. The aim of this work was to convert SMS into organicmineral micronutrient (Zn(II), Mn(II), and Cu(II)) fertilizer via biosorption and examine the effect of its application in field tests on maize compared to commercial reference micronutrient fertilizer. Crop yield and crop quality were assessed, and multielemental analysis of grains was conducted for the evaluation of the fertilization effect on maize grains and to assess bioavailability of nutrients from fertilizers. Grain yield for maize treated with micronutrients delivered with SMS was noticeably higher (11.5%) than the untreated group and the NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) fertilizer treated only group (2.8%). Bioavailability (TF) of micronutrients from SMS were comparable with reference micronutrient fertilizer (7% Zn, 4% Mn, and 2.3% Cu). The new product has the potential to be used as a micronutrient fertilizer. Satisfactory results of grain yield (6.4 Mg ha-1), high content of micronutrients (Zn 1.6%, Mn 1.2%, and Cu 1.8%), and macronutrients (P 1.0%, S 3.1%, Ca 8.2%, and K 0.2%) were observed. The bioavailability suggests that enriched SMS could be a good alternative to fertilizers in the present market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method of biosorption was used in the production of innovative feed supplements using microelements based on common feed ingredients (triticale, oat, barley, corn beans, soy beans, wheat and rye). A new insight into the application of biomasses as the biological carriers of microelements was proposed to reduce the production costs of new supplements. Chromium(III) ions were used as a model cation in kinetic and equilibrium studies. The experimental conditions were as follows: pH 5.0, temperature 25 °C, biomass concentration 1 g l-1. The reaction mixture attained the equilibrium point within minutes and all of the biomasses demonstrated good biosorption properties. Barley had the highest biosorption capacity (45.9 mg g-1), whereas wheat (19.1 mg g-1) had the lowest. Costs of the producing new supplements were related to the biosorption of microelement ions and drying of enriched biomass. However, no additional costs were associated with obtaining and preparing additional raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a pilot-plant for the biosorption and the technology of the production of micronutrient fertilizer components that are based on spent mushroom substrate with a qualitative and a quantitative description as well as an economic analysis thereof. The biomass was enriched with zinc and manganese ions, which resulted in good biosorption capacities: −15.84 and 11.81 mg/g for Zn(II) and Mn(II), respectively. Material losses were/material loss was relatively low (about 10%). The efficiency of the system was over 100 kg of micronutrient component per day and the price of the new preparation was estimated at $4.76 per kg including labor costs and depreciation of the installation. The pilot-plant for biosorption was shown to be an efficient method for the production of new preparations based on waste biomass and constituting an alternative to conventional micronutrient fertilizers. The economic analysis of the system and the production of new preparations shows that it is also a technology which does not require high investment and operation costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]