11 results on '"Wise, LN"'
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2. Verification of post-chemotherapeutic clearance of Theileria equithrough concordance of nested PCR and immunoblot
- Author
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Wise, LN, Kappmeyer, LS, Silva, MG, White, SN, Grause, JF, and Knowles, DP
- Abstract
Certain countries including the United States remain non-endemic for particular infectious diseases such as equine piroplasmosis through import restrictions and surveillance. Endemic regions often employ premunition as the primary method to control disease, however in non-endemic countries, chemosterilization combined with methods to confirm parasite elimination are required to maintain disease-free status. The ability of imidocarb diproprionate (ID) to clear persistent Theileria equiinfection from infected horses has been shown through the inability of treated horses to transmit via blood transfer. However, the common lengthy persistence of anti-T. equiantibody causes regulatory tests such as cELISA or IFA to remain positive for extended periods. Persistence of positive testing creates challenges for regulatory veterinary medicine and international trade. Concordance between nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) targeting the ema1gene and immunoblotting (IB) measuring declination in anti-EMA1 and anti-EMA2 antibody were used to verify clearance of T. equifrom 179 ID-treated horses. These data support the use of IB to demonstrate declining anti-EMA1 and EMA2 titers in T. equi-infected horses subsequent to successful ID treatment. Such data provide concordant support to a negative nPCR and allow for a more timely determination of effective ID clearance of T. equi. The post ID treatment results indicate that while nPCR was consistently negative by 14 days and cELISA generally remained positive after 1 year, immunoblot was on average negative after 4 months and 100% in agreement with nPCR.
- Published
- 2018
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3. Growth Mindset in Veterinary Educators: An International Survey.
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Guttin T, McKay T, Light TP, Wise LN, and Baillie S
- Abstract
Carol Dweck's mindset theory describes whether an individual believes that attributes, like intelligence or morality, can be honed (growth mindset) or are innate (fixed mindset). An educator's mindset impacts their approach to teaching, students' learning, participation in faculty development, and wellbeing. Mindset can affect faculty members' openness to curricular change, making the study of veterinary educator mindset timely and salient, as competency-based education is spurring curricular change worldwide. The purpose of this study was to examine the mindsets of veterinary educators internationally. A survey, consisting of demographic questions and mindset items (based on previously published scales), was distributed electronically to veterinary educators internationally, at universities where English is the primary instruction medium. Mindset was evaluated for the following traits: intelligence, clinical reasoning, compassion, and morality. Scale validation, descriptive statistics, and associations to demographic variables were evaluated. Four hundred and forty-six complete surveys were received. Overall, the study population demonstrated predominantly growth mindsets for all traits, higher than population averages, with some variation by trait. There was a small effect on years teaching towards growth mindset. No other associations were found. Veterinary educators internationally who participated in this study demonstrated higher rates of growth mindset than the general population. In other fields, a growth mindset in educators has had implications for faculty wellbeing, teaching and assessment practices, participation in faculty development, and openness to curricular change. Further research is needed in veterinary education to evaluate the implications of these high rates of growth mindset.
- Published
- 2023
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4. Infection dynamics of Theileria equi and Theileria haneyi, a newly discovered apicomplexan of the horse.
- Author
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Sears KP, Kappmeyer LS, Wise LN, Silva M, Ueti MW, White S, Reif KE, and Knowles DP
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- Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Horses, Texas, Theileria, Horse Diseases immunology, Horse Diseases pathology, Theileriasis immunology, Theileriasis pathology
- Abstract
Theileria equi infection, exotic to the United States has reemerged through intravenous (iatrogenic) and tick-borne transmission. Surveillance at the US-Mexico border identified a new species, Theileria haneyi, (T. haneyi
EP ) (EP = Eagle Pass, Texas) which warranted additional investigation due to inability to detect by PCR targeting of T. equi ema-1 and EMA-1-cELISA validated for T. equi. Infection dynamics of T. haneyiEP were evaluated, including ability to superinfect in the presence of T. equi-Texas (T. equiTX ), the isolate responsible for the reemergence of T. equi in the U S. Experimental infection with T. equiTX or T. haneyiEP revealed minimal clinical disease however, T. equiTX infection led to significantly greater neutropenia. Comparison of time to antibody detection following inoculation revealed significantly greater time to detectable anti-T. haneyiEP antibody (26.67 days post-inoculation (DPI)) than T. equiTX (11.67 DPI). Regardless of initial infection with either T. equiTX or T. haneyiEP , superinfection was established. Comparative analysis of antibody responses from a splenectomized horse infected with T. haneyiEP to that of a spleen intact horse infected with T. equiFL revealed a different antibody binding profile to T. haneyiEP , T. equiTX and T. equiFL merozoite antigen and limited shared antigen/cross-reactive antibody(s). Affinity purified T. equi EMA-1 and EMA-2 from T. equiFL were shown as targets for horse antibodies against T. haneyi. Data presented here show (1) T. haneyiEP can superinfect in the presence of T. equiTX infection and co-persists for minimally 25 months, (2) intravenous challenge with T. haneyi is subclinical, and (3) limited cross-reactive antibody between T. haneyiEP and T. equi includes reactivity to EMA-1 and EMA-2., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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5. Evolution and diversity of the EMA families of the divergent equid parasites, Theileria equi and T. haneyi.
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Wise LN, Kappmeyer LS, Knowles DP, and White SN
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antigens, Protozoan chemistry, Antigens, Protozoan genetics, Biodiversity, Codon, Conserved Sequence, Genome, Protozoan, Horses, Host-Parasite Interactions immunology, Merozoites immunology, Theileria genetics, Antigens, Protozoan immunology, Biological Evolution, Horse Diseases immunology, Horse Diseases parasitology, Theileria immunology, Theileriasis immunology, Theileriasis parasitology
- Abstract
The equine parasite Theilera equi continues to curtail global equine commerce due primarily to its ability to persist indefinitely in the immunocompetent horse. Details regarding the parasite life cycle, pathogenesis and mechanism of persistence remain unclear. The recently discovered T. haneyi is also capable of persistence in the horse, creating a potential reservoir for additional infections. These two divergent parasites share a unique gene family that expresses surface merozoite antigens, or equi merozoite antigens (EMAs). The EMA family was maintained in number and size in both parasites despite a species divergence of over 30 million years ago. This family is unique amongst Theilerias in number, structure and biochemical properties. In silico analysis revealed no evidence of selection for diversity within this family, indicating a role in host adaptation and persistence rather than antigenic variation and immune escape. Biochemical analysis revealed the presence of a conserved domain, homologous to the hemolysin toxin found in cobra venom. This finding combined with data from protein interaction prediction models may indicate interaction with the structural components of the host erythrocyte and a role in merozoite entry or escape. Additional predicted protein interactions focus on disruption of the enzymatic functions of the host cell, potentially resulting in enhanced parasite survival., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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6. Discovery of a novel species, Theileria haneyi n. sp., infective to equids, highlights exceptional genomic diversity within the genus Theileria: implications for apicomplexan parasite surveillance.
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Knowles DP, Kappmeyer LS, Haney D, Herndon DR, Fry LM, Munro JB, Sears K, Ueti MW, Wise LN, Silva M, Schneider DA, Grause J, White SN, Tretina K, Bishop RP, Odongo DO, Pelzel-McCluskey AM, Scoles GA, Mealey RH, and Silva JC
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA, Protozoan genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Female, Horses, Male, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S genetics, Theileria isolation & purification, Theileria pathogenicity, Virulence, Genomics, Horse Diseases parasitology, Theileria genetics, Theileriasis parasitology
- Abstract
A novel apicomplexan parasite was serendipitously discovered in horses at the United States - Mexico border. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA showed the erythrocyte-infective parasite to be related to, but distinct from, Theileria spp. in Africa, the most similar taxa being Theileria spp. from waterbuck and mountain zebra. The degree of sequence variability observed at the 18S rDNA locus also suggests the likely existence of additional cryptic species. Among described species, the genome of this novel equid Theileria parasite is most similar to that of Theileria equi, also a pathogen of horses. The estimated divergence time between the new Theileria sp. and T. equi, based on genomic sequence data, is greater than 33 million years. Average protein sequence divergence between them, at 23%, is greater than that of Theileria parva and Theileria annulata proteins, which is 18%. The latter two represent highly virulent Theileria spp. of domestic cattle, as well as of African and Asian wild buffalo, respectively, which differ markedly in pathology, host cell tropism, tick vector and geographical distribution. The extent of genome-wide sequence divergence, as well as significant morphological differences, relative to T. equi justify the classification of Theileria sp. as a new taxon. Despite the overall genomic divergence, the nine member equi merozoite antigen (EMA) superfamily, previously found as a multigene family only in T. equi, is also present in the novel parasite. Practically, significant sequence divergence in antigenic loci resulted in this undescribed Theileria sp. not being detectable using currently available diagnostic tests. Discovery of this novel species infective to equids highlights exceptional diversity within the genus Theileria, a finding with serious implications for apicomplexan parasite surveillance., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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7. Equine piroplasmosis.
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Wise LN, Pelzel-McCluskey AM, Mealey RH, and Knowles DP
- Subjects
- Animals, Babesiosis drug therapy, Babesiosis epidemiology, Babesiosis prevention & control, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Equidae, Horse Diseases drug therapy, Horse Diseases epidemiology, Horse Diseases prevention & control, Horses, North America epidemiology, Theileriasis drug therapy, Theileriasis epidemiology, Theileriasis prevention & control, Babesia isolation & purification, Babesiosis therapy, Horse Diseases parasitology, Theileria isolation & purification, Theileriasis therapy
- Abstract
Equine piroplasmosis, caused by the parasites Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, is a globally important disease, affecting a large percentage of the world's horses. This article serves as a review of these divergent parasites. Discussed are the clinical presentation of disease, diagnosis, and treatment. Special attention is given to the current disease status specifically in North America., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2014
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8. Review of equine piroplasmosis.
- Author
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Wise LN, Kappmeyer LS, Mealey RH, and Knowles DP
- Subjects
- Animals, Babesiosis blood, Babesiosis epidemiology, Babesiosis parasitology, Babesiosis transmission, Horse Diseases blood, Horse Diseases epidemiology, Horse Diseases transmission, Horses, Prevalence, Theileriasis blood, Theileriasis epidemiology, Theileriasis transmission, United States epidemiology, Babesia growth & development, Babesiosis veterinary, Horse Diseases parasitology, Theileria growth & development, Theileriasis parasitology, Ticks parasitology
- Abstract
Equine piroplasmosis is caused by one of 2 erythrocytic parasites Babesia caballi or Theileria equi. Although the genus of the latter remains controversial, the most recent designation, Theileria, is utilized in this review. Shared pathogenesis includes tick-borne transmission and erythrolysis leading to anemia as the primary clinical outcome. Although both parasites are able to persist indefinitely in their equid hosts, thus far, only B. caballi transmits across tick generations. Pathogenesis further diverges after transmission to equids in that B. caballi immediately infects erythrocytes, whereas T.equi infects peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The recent re-emergence of T.equi in the United States has increased awareness of these tick-borne pathogens, especially in terms of diagnosis and control. This review focuses in part on factors leading to the re-emergence of infection and disease of these globally important pathogens., (Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the U.S.A.)
- Published
- 2013
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9. In vitro activity of ponazuril against Theileria equi.
- Author
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Wise LN, Ueti MW, Kappmeyer LS, Hines MT, White SN, Davis W, and Knowles DP
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- Animals, Antiprotozoal Agents, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Erythrocytes parasitology, Horses blood, Theileria drug effects, Triazines pharmacology
- Abstract
The equid hemoprotozoan parasite Theileria equi is endemic in most regions worldwide. Infection of horses is a cause of significant economic loss due to costs associated with disease and restriction of trade with non-endemic nations. The ability of certain drugs such as imidocarb dipropionate to eliminate persistent T. equi infection and transmission risk is controversial. The anti-protozoal agent ponazuril has been used successfully to treat equine Sarcosystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii. The hypothesis that ponazuril inhibits replication of T. equi in vitro was tested. T. equi infected equine erythrocyte cultures were treated with ponazuril at multiple concentrations. Cessation of parasite replication was observed over a 5-day period and the degree of inhibition was variable between drug concentrations. Ponazuril inhibited T. equi in erythrocyte culture at all concentrations tested but parasite elimination required at least 500 μg/mL. The high dose of ponazuril required for in vitro inhibition likely limits its ability to control or clear T. equi infection in vivo, however additional research to evaluate related drugs is warranted., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2012
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10. A retrospective analysis of renal carcinoma in the horse.
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Wise LN, Bryan JN, Sellon DC, Hines MT, Ramsay J, and Seino KK
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- Animals, Carcinoma, Renal Cell diagnosis, Carcinoma, Renal Cell pathology, Carcinoma, Renal Cell therapy, Horse Diseases diagnosis, Horse Diseases therapy, Horses, Kidney Neoplasms diagnosis, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, Kidney Neoplasms therapy, Retrospective Studies, Carcinoma, Renal Cell veterinary, Horse Diseases pathology, Kidney Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
Background: Renal carcinoma is a rare tumor of horses., Hypothesis: Presenting complaints and clinical signs of this disease are vague and early diagnosis increases survival time., Animals: Data were collected from the medical records of 4 horses presented to Washington State University as well as the 23 previously published case reports of horses with renal carcinoma., Methods: Retrospective study., Results: Renal carcinoma affects horses of all ages with most cases observed in geldings and Thoroughbreds. The most common presenting complaints are nonspecific and usually do not occur until late in the course of the disease. Routine laboratory results generally are unremarkable with no evidence of renal dysfunction. Urine and peritoneal fluid analyses are consistently abnormal, but the changes usually are nonspecific. Rectal palpation often allows detection of an abnormal kidney or a mass in the area of the kidney. Renal ultrasound examination is the most rewarding imaging procedure, and when combined with renal biopsy, antemortem diagnosis can be achieved. Renal carcinoma is both locally invasive and metastatic, necessitating careful staging for metastasis using thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasound examination. If the tumor is localized to 1 kidney, nephrectomy is the treatment of choice. No chemotherapy or radiation treatment for renal carcinoma has been reported in the horse. Median survival for this series of cases was 11 days (0 days-1 year)., Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Prognosis is poor to grave.
- Published
- 2009
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11. Myasthenia gravis-like syndrome in a Hereford heifer.
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Wise LN, Janke JJ, and Washburn KE
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- Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases drug therapy, Cholinesterase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Edrophonium therapeutic use, Female, Histamine H1 Antagonists therapeutic use, Myasthenia Gravis diagnosis, Myasthenia Gravis drug therapy, Syndrome, Tripelennamine therapeutic use, Cattle Diseases diagnosis, Myasthenia Gravis veterinary
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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