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The use of data analytics has seen widespread application in fields such as medicine and supply chain management, but their application in occupational safety has only recently become more common. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize studies that employed analytics within establishments to reveal insights about work-related injuries or fatalities. Over 300 articles were reviewed to survey the objectives, scope and methods used in this emerging field. We conclude that the promise of analytics for providing actionable insights to address occupational safety concerns is still in its infancy. Our review shows that most articles were focused on method development and validation, including studies that tested novel methods or compared the utility of multiple methods. Many of the studies cited various challenges in overcoming barriers caused by inadequate or inefficient technical infrastructures and unsupportive data cultures that threaten the accuracy and quality of insights revealed by the analytics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overarching goal of the present study was to determine whether a behavioral economic framework of demand analysis is applicable to texting while driving. To this end, we developed a novel hypothetical task in which participants receive a text message while driving, and they rated the likelihood of replying to a text message immediately versus waiting to reply until arriving at a destination when the fine for texting while driving ranged from $1 to $300. The scenario presented two delays to a destination (15 min and 60 min). For drivers who self-reported a higher frequency of texting while driving the demand for social interaction from texting was more intense and less elastic. Demand was also more intense and less elastic under the 60-min delay condition. The results of this proof-of-concept study suggest that behavioral economic demand analyses are potentially useful for understanding and predicting texting while driving. Keywords Texting while driving * Demand analysis * Distracted driving * Behavioral economics * College students, Various statistics indicate that distracted driving is a major public health issue. In 2015 in the United States, for example, 3,477 people were killed and 391,000 people were injured in [...]

Objective. Decisions to use a service dog for employment impacts more than just the workplace. It extends into housing, transportation, and public access. Findings from an exploratory study of the [...]

Stimulus control of ring swimming was studied with male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) using 2-component multiple schedules in which the components were correlated with the presence or absence of air bubbles in the water. In Experiment 1, either response-independent mirror presentations or extinction was juxtaposed with immediate response-dependent mirror presentations. Rates of ring swimming generally were higher with immediate reinforcement than with either response-independent mirror presentations or extinction. In Experiment 2, different durations of response-dependent mirror presentations were juxtaposed. Generally, higher rates of ring swimming occurred with 15-s than with 0-, 1-, or 3-s durations. Results demonstrate that stimulus control of responding can be established with these fish under several conditions of differential reinforcement.

College students were tested to see how their response to to stimulus changed when the baseline of the stimulus was reversed. The study showed that the students quickly assimilated the change.

This study uses speech recognition technology to examine the transfer of conditioned vocal responses to novel stimulus classes. Findings indicate that most subjects require repeated training and testing to achieve a complete transfer of function in vocal behavior.

Objective: To compare otolaryngology residents' perceptions of safety climate with respect to duty hour compliance and self-perceived fatigue. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Forty-one otolaryngology residencies distributed across the United States. Methods: A national sample of otolaryngology residents was surveyed electronically in 2019. The survey included demographic details, on-call descriptors, an 18-point Safety Climate Survey (SCS) modified to measure perceptions of program attitudes and practices around resident duty hour compliance, and the 33-point Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ). Results: Of 397 surveyed residents, 205 (51.6%) responded. The mean modified SCS score was 11.29 out of 18 (95% CI, 10.76-11.81). Respondents were most likely to disagree with "Residents are told when they are at risk of working beyond ACGME [Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education] duty hour restrictions," where 100 (48.8%) disagreed or strongly disagreed. The mean CFQ score was 15.99 of 33 (95% CI, 15.17-16.81). As the modified SCS score improved, CFQ scores decreased, indicating an inverse relationship between duty hour safety climate and fatigue. Having a protected postcall day off and having the program director, chief resident, or senior resident decide that a resident should take a postcall day off were all associated with higher modified SCS scores. Conclusion: Otolaryngology residents perceived a safety climate that is suboptimal with regard to duty hour restriction issues. Additionally, an inverse relationship between fatigue and modified SCS scores suggests that fatigue among residents may be lower in programs where residents perceive that ACGME duty hour compliance is more important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Sidman avoidance procedure was used to determine whether avoidance behavior in humans can be induced using carbon dioxide (CO2) presentation as aversive stimuli in laboratory experiments. Previous studies confirm that CO2 presentation produce physiological reactions similar to anxiety-related behavior. Operant responding and self-report ratings of fear were used to determine the aversive properties of CO2. It was found that 25-s inhalations of 20% CO2 can effectively serve aversive stimuli of anxiety in laboratory conditions.