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This study examines the influence of mental accounting, financial attitudes, financial knowledge, and financial self-efficacy on the financial behavior of diligent students in using fintech. This study differs from previous research because it uses a sample of students who already have a business and often use fintech. Data collection was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires to respondents. This study found that financial attitudes and self-efficacy had a significant effect on financial behavior, while financial knowledge had no significant effect on financial self-efficacy and mental accounting. Mental accounting significantly affects financial attitudes, financial behavior, and financial self-efficacy. These findings prove the importance of mental accounting in increasing the confidence and effectiveness of students who often use fintech and have a business in making financial decisions. This research contributes to developing the theory of planned behavior in the context of financial behavior. It reveals that financial literacy does not necessarily increase financial self-efficacy and mental accounting, especially among students who often use fintech and are just starting a business.

Berlin banana flower (Musa acuminate AA.) was widely found in Indonesia, it is believed to contain rich bioactive phytochemical constituents. A novel prototype, a continuous system-designed ultrasound machine (CDUM), was utilized to extract the constituents of the Berlin banana flower. Extraction was done for three parts of the Berlin banana flower (inner bud, outer bud, and male flower), for each 15 min, working the solvent in different polarities (distilled water, ethanol 100%, and ethanol 50%). CDUM was equipped with a novel element namely a double-jacket chiller to hold stable temperature (≤ 30 °C) for running time. Results, the highest extract yields of all extracted Berlin banana flower parts (13.80 ± 0.16% - 15.33 ± 0.18%) was generated by the ethanol 50%. However, the extract yield average of each part was equal. By the best solvent, the male flower part extract had the highest antioxidant capacity (47.13 ± 0.72%). Bioactive phytochemical classes i.e. phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, amino acid derivatives, fatty acid derivatives, organic sulfur-containing compounds, and saponins were contained in the extracts of different Berlin banana flower parts. The richest phenolics (12 compounds) were present in the male flower part extract., mainly gallic acid, caffeic acid, phenyllactic acid, 2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid, 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid, and 2,5-di-tert-Butylhydroquinone, which are only contained in it. The CDUM extracted the Berlin banana flower more efficiently (high yield, low energy consumption) than the conventional technique.

This study investigates the effects of various discussion topics on individuals’ decisions to join and contribute to an online community. Based on their relevancy to the community's interests and goals, we distinguish between on-topic (relevant) and off-topic (irrelevant) discussions. The relationships among group discussion, new member acquisition, and current member contribution are simultaneously modeled and estimated using data collected from a question-and-answer website. We employ a latent Dirichlet allocation model to identify different topics posted by community members. The relevancy of each topic is assessed based on relevancy scores collected through a survey. The results suggest that on-topic discussions generally increase the number of new and active members. Intriguingly, off-topic discussions can influence new member acquisition both positively and negatively, while their effect on current member contributions appears to be positive. The implications of this study for sustaining online communities are discussed.

Background: Metformin is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus and is recognized for its therapeutic benefits beyond glycemic control. This review summarizes current data on metformin's diverse roles in various therapeutic contexts, including treating polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), anti-inflammatory effects, and cancer prevention. Method: This comprehensive examination highlights the multifaceted applications of metformin in modern medicine and its potential to enhance the treatment of inflammatory diseases, cancer, and reproductive disorders. Results and Discussion: Metformin's anti-inflammatory properties may benefit autoimmune disorders, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular illnesses. In women with PCOS, metformin aids in restoring menstrual regularity, inducing ovulation, and improving reproductive outcomes by enhancing insulin sensitivity, modulating ovarian function, and reducing hyperandrogenism. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that metformin may reduce cancer incidence and mortality in diabetic individuals by modulating cellular metabolism, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. Conclusion: Our review suggests promising evidence for metformin's role in cancer prevention, reducing inflammation, and managing PCOS. However, further research is required to identify patient subgroups that will benefit most from metformin therapy, elucidate its mechanisms of action, and optimize dosing regimens.

The objective of this study is to develop and construct a thesis application utilizing the extreme programming approach, and to assess user contentment with the application using the End User Computing Satisfaction measurement technique. The Informatics study program at the Multimedia Nusantara University campus is encountering issues pertaining to the thesis procedure. The problems were identified through interviews with numerous lecturers, students, and the head of the Informatics department's study program at Universitas Multimedia Nusantara. The challenges include the decentralized distribution of information pertaining to theses, obstacles in obtaining thesis proposals, difficulties in obtaining details regarding the research specializations of lecturers, recapitulation of supervisors, and an array of additional issues. Based on these problems, a thesis application was designed and built using the extreme programming development method. The research findings indicate that the application has been effectively developed. The test results reveal that 87.267% of users strongly agreed that the application was highly beneficial in the thesis process.

The low achievement of scientific literacy and the attitude of cultural preservation requires innovation in implementing science education in schools. This research aims to develop integrated science modules on Singo Barong mask ethnoscience teaching materials to improve scientific literacy and cultural preservation attitudes. This study measures the feasibility of the module and its effectiveness in improving scientific literacy and cultural preservation attitudes. This research used Borgh and Gall’s (1960) model with six stages. The study was conducted in class VII using a non-equivalent one-group pretest-posttest trial design. The results of module effectiveness are obtained from the pretest-posttest analysis of students. The instruments given were in the form of scientific literacy questions and cultural preservation attitude questionnaires. Based on the analysis of scientific literacy and cultural preservation attitudes, students using the developed modules have increased, as indicated by the gain value obtained in the medium category. The results of module validation are carried out by four expert lecturers and one science teacher, and practicality assessment by students. The results of feasibility and practicality obtained excellent assessment. In conclusion, the integrated science module of Singo Barong mask ethnoscience is suitable for the science learning process to improve scientific literacy and cultural preservation attitudes.

Abstract Background Liver fibrosis is a widespread chronic liver ailment linked to substantial mortality and limited therapeutic options. An in-depth comprehension of the genetic underpinnings of liver fibrogenesis is crucial for the development of effective management and treatment approaches. Results Using bioinformatics tools and the DisGeNET database, we pinpointed 105 genes significantly linked to liver fibrosis. Subsequently, we conducted functional assessments, incorporating gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and the STRING database, to construct protein–protein interaction networks (PPI) for these 105 liver fibrosis-associated genes. These analyses were executed via the WebGestalt 2019 online platform. We employed Cytoscape plugins, MCODE, and CytoHubba, to identify potential biomarker genes from these functional networks. Noteworthy hub genes encompassed TGF-β1, MMP2, CTNNB1, FGF2, IL6, LOX, CTGF, SMAD3, ALB, and VEGFA. TGF-β1 and MMP-2 exhibited substantial promise as liver fibrosis biomarkers, as denoted by their high systemic scores determined through the MCC algorithm in the CytoHubba methodology. Conclusions In summary, this study presents a robust genetic biomarker strategy that may prove invaluable in the identification of potential liver fibrosis biomarkers.

This research aims to develop an innovative contextual chemistry textbook on hydrocarbon concepts to enhance students' mastery of the subject. This research method used research and development with the ADDIE model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study was specifically confined to the development stage, as its primary focus is on assessing the validity of the developed products. The validation process involved two material expert validators, one media expert validator, one practitioner validator, and ten students from Ushuluddin NW Ubung Islamic Boarding School, who served as limited test validators. Quantitative data obtained from the feasibility validation results were analyzed using a percentage formula. Qualitative data in the form of responses and suggestions for improvement from validators are used as considerations for making revisions. The results showed that the validator assessment resulted in a very satisfactory average percentage, with material expert validators reaching 83% (very feasible category), media expert validators reaching 75% (feasible category), practitioner validators reaching 91% (very feasible category), and Limited student trials reached 89% (very feasible category). Therefore, this textbook successfully met high validity standards and can be considered suitable for use in the learning process.

Writing scientific work is a requirement for students. However, students still need help writing scientific papers. This study aimed to determine the effect of leadership style, adversity quotient, and motivation on scientific work achievement in Tadris IPA IAIN Ponorogo students. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach to causal research. The data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using regression analysis and SEM PLS. Overall, the study results show that leadership style, adversity quotient, and motivation positively influence scientific work achievement. PLS-SEM analysis shows that the variable that has the highest contribution is the adversity quotient. Then, the indicator with the highest contribution is the ownership indicator, while the indicator that contributes the least is creative innovation, with my statement using failure as a learning tool. This research proves that leadership style, adversity quotient, and motivation influence the scientific work achievement of Tadris IPA IAIN Ponorogo students. Therefore, in improving achievement in the field of scientific work, contributions from leaders, persistence from students, and encouragement to achievement are needed.

Abstract Background Studies have attributed 50% of infertility cases to male infertility, 15% of which is caused by idiopathic genetic factors. Currently, no specific biomarkers have been revealed for male infertility. Furthermore, research on genetic factors causing male infertility is still limited. As with other multifactorial genetic disorders, numerous risk loci for male infertility have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), although their clinical significance remains uncertain. Therefore, we utilized an integrative bioinformatics-based approach to identify biomarkers for male infertility. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using Open Targets Platform, DisGeNet, and GWAS Catalog. After that, the STRING database and the Cytoscape program were used to analyze protein–protein interaction. CytoHubba was used to determine the most significant gene candidates. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were used to assess biological functions that correspond to the male infertility disease pathway. Results We identified 305 genes associated with male infertility and highlighted 10 biological risk genes as potential biomarkers for male infertility such as TEX11, SPO11, SYCP3, HORMAD1, STAG3, MSH4, SYCP2, SYCE1, RAD21L1, and AMH. Of all the genes, we took the top three genes, namely, TEX11, SPO11, and SYCP3 as the genes that have the most potential as biomarkers. Conclusions TEX11, SPO11, and SYCP3 are involved in meiosis and spermatogenesis. We propose that further research in regarding these genes in detecting male infertility.

This study aims to determine the impact of village officials’ competence, use of information technology, and community participation on accountability in the management of village funds. Sampling used a multistage sampling technique, consisting of 30 villages in East Lombok Regency, Indonesia. Data and research hypotheses were processed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) technique using the Smart PLS 3.0 software application. The results of this research show that the competency of village officials, the use of information technology, and community participation have a significant positive effect on the accountability of village fund management in East Lombok Regency. The implications of the research as a contribution of thought and how the existence of village government (stewards) acts as an institution trusted by the community and government to act in accordance with the public interest, namely by increasing the competence of village officials, utilizing information technology and community participation to increase accountability in managing village funds.

Research Purposes. This research aims to investigate the effect of biological asset intensity and the characteristics of boards of directors on the disclosure of biological assets. Research Methods The population in this study is the agriculture companies listed on the BEI using a purposive sampling method with 216 samples between 2005 and 2021. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression using STATA version 17. Research Results and Findings. The result indicates that biological asset intensity, board of directors size, and board of directors accounting expertise positively affect the disclosure of biological assets. The evidence has direct implications for companies in selecting directors, as stakeholders may demand the appointment of directors with accounting experts.

Universitas Multimedia Nusantara has thousands of academicians and several academic or non-academic organizations. Some of these things allow the potential for increased social relationship connections between the academic community and the intensity of receiving and disseminating information, especially for students. Through a survey of students, there are examples of confirmed problems regarding the receipt and dissemination of information such as the lack of exposure of student work, the location of wall magazines that are difficult to find, information on student emails that are less relevant, time-consuming searches for coursework respondents, and the number of social media accounts of organizations that must be searched on different social media platforms to get information. Therefore, the design and development of a social community media website utilizing the Rapid Application Development method, a rapid prototype system development model with the stages of planning, design workshop, and implementation. The focus of the research is the backend system. The backend system design utilizes draw.io to create flowcharts and supabase schema for entity relationship diagrams, while the system development utilizes javascript with next js as the system development tool while system development utilizes javascript with next js as a framework and supabase as the system database. Backend media website backend of the social community media website was successfully designed and built and received User Acceptance Testing results with an acceptance rate of 88.08% for the perceive usefulness and 88.67% for the perceive satisfaction variable, which means that users strongly agree that the function of the social community media website system has fulfilled the two elements of the variable.

Although the incidence of measles has been significantly reduced through vaccination, it remains an important public health problem. In this paper, a measles model with pulse vaccination is formulated to investigate the influential pulse vaccination on the period of time for the extinction of the disease. The threshold value of the formulated model, called the control reproduction number and denoted by R∗, is derived. It is found that the disease-free periodic solution of the model exists and is globally attractivity whenever R∗1, the positive solution of the model exists and is permanent which indicates the disease persists in the community. Theoretical conditions for disease eradication under various constraints are given. The effect of pulse vaccination is explored using data from Thailand. The results obtained can guide policymakers in deciding on the optimal scheduling in order to achieve the strategic plan of measles elimination by vaccination.

Globally, endometrial cancer (EC) is the six most common cancers related to female reproductive. EC incidence and mortality rates have increased over the last decade. Cytotoxic therapy with carboplatin or paclitaxel is the recommended first-line treatment for EC patients. However, the options for following therapy are limited. The latest advances in molecular studies have uncovered the nature of genetic alterations in EC, compelling methods for further research into the treatment of EC since they may disclose to tailored pharmacological therapy. The aim of this study was to identify novel drug candidates in treating EC using genomics variants and biological pathway. The genomic variants of EC were downloaded from cBioportal database. We established connection between the biological EC risk genes from cBioportal database and the DrugBank database. Finally, we used Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis to identify possible drugs whose mechanisms coincided with therapeutic targets and rank them in accordance to scoring criteria. We identified novel conceivable candidate drugs for EC, they are Bosutinib, Acitretin and Nilutamide. These drugs exhibit robust scores in the CMap analysis compare to paclitaxel. We also discovered BCR-ABL1 and AR as potential biomarker-driven therapy in EC. This study demonstrates the possibility of using genetic network analysis combined with bioinformatics to repurpose drugs for the treatment of EC. Further investigation will be undertaken to explore the mechanisms involved in the application of BCR-ABL1 and AR for treating of EC.

Siamese fishing fish (Betta splendens) or betta are usually subjected to a special method of transportation for global trade, where they are individually conveyed in plastic bags containing just enough water to cover their bodies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of transportation on their stress response by measuring hematological values, stress hormone levels, glucose levels, and stress-related gene expression. Betta fish (average body weight 1.91 ± 0.42 g; n = 30) were exposed to simulated transport in a water volume of 40 mL for 12, 24, and 48 h. Baseline levels (pre-transport) were measured prior to the experiment. The control group was transported using water without adding clove oil. Two treatment groups were transported using water with the addition of 1 and 3 mg/L concentrations of clove oil, respectively. The results revealed that transportation can be a factor that affects water quality. The pH and dissolved oxygen levels were significantly lower than baseline, while nitrite and total ammonia concentrations significantly increased. Correlating to the stress responses, significantly increasing total red blood cell counts, plasma cortisol levels, and up-regulating the expression of stress-related genes, including HSP70, GR, MR, and HIF-1α. The addition of 1 mg/L clove oil was found to reduce stress during the transport simulation, as evidenced by a reduction in these stress parameters. Conversely, increasing the concentration of clove oil to 3 mg/L significantly increased plasma cortisol after 12 h of simulated transport, and up-regulated GR, MR, and HIF-1α expression. This study revealed that the transport process can stimulates stress in betta fish but adding a concentration of 1 mg/L clove oil to the transport water could mitigate this stress response and promote animal welfare during their transportation.

Abstract Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common complication of diabetes and can lead to severe disability and even amputation. Despite advances in treatment, there is currently no cure for DFUs and available drugs for treatment are limited. This study aimed to identify new candidate drugs and repurpose existing drugs to treat DFUs based on transcriptomics analysis. A total of 31 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used to prioritize the biological risk genes for DFUs. Further investigation using the database DGIdb revealed 12 druggable target genes among 50 biological DFU risk genes, corresponding to 31 drugs. Interestingly, we highlighted that two drugs (urokinase and lidocaine) are under clinical investigation for DFU and 29 drugs are potential candidates to be repurposed for DFU therapy. The top 5 potential biomarkers for DFU from our findings are IL6ST, CXCL9, IL1R1, CXCR2, and IL10. This study highlights IL1R1 as a highly promising biomarker for DFU due to its high systemic score in functional annotations, that can be targeted with an existing drug, Anakinra. Our study proposed that the integration of transcriptomic and bioinformatic-based approaches has the potential to drive drug repurposing for DFUs. Further research will further examine the mechanisms by which targeting IL1R1 can be used to treat DFU.

The low ability of students to understand and transform the concept of reflection to solve everyday problems is the main problem with learning mathematics because the implementation of learning mathematics is mechanical. Mathematics is taught by conveying formulas practically without linking them to students' daily activities. For this reason, this study aims to design a reflection learning trajectory in the context of the Lipa Sabbe Bunga Caramming motif as a starting point in learning to help students understand reflection material for solving everyday problems. The method used in this study is design research, which consists of three stages: preliminary design, design trials, and retrospective analysis. The subjects of this study were 23 students in class VIII-A of SMP Negeri 1 Tanasitolo. The instruments used in this study were student activity sheets (LAS), learning achievement tests, and interview guidelines. Student activity data during learning were analyzed retrospectively, and learning outcomes data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study found that the learning trajectory of transformation geometry using the context of the lipa sabbe bunga caramming motif has four learning stages: (1) informal; (2) modes of; (3) modes of; and (4) formal. The learning stages can easily increase students' understanding of the concept of reflection. In the learning process, mathematical concepts are connected with daily habits, so students are enthusiastic and active in the learning process. This learning trajectory can assist teachers in optimizing learning so that students can easily understand the concept of reflection, equip them with critical thinking skills, and shape their character (cooperation, empathy, respect for others, awareness of social problems, a social spirit, and responsibility).

Microsorum pteropus ‘Windeløv’ is a water fern from Asia commonly used in aquarium landscapes. This study aimed to develop a mass production method through the induction of green globular bodies (GGBs) from leaf explants of M. pteropus. Surface sterilization was performed on adventitious buds on the fronds of M. pteropus ‘Windeløv’ as explants. The results showed that the optimal explant disinfection condition was 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 20 min, achieving a successful rate of 87.5 ± 9.6%. The most effective GGB induction was achieved with MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/L of NAA (1-Naphthaleneaceticacid) and 0.5 mg/L of 6-BA (6-benzylaminopurine), producing the highest number and size of GGBs, with a mean value of 4.0 ± 0.8 GGBs per explant and a diameter of 2.45 ± 0.61 mm after 8 weeks of culture. The regeneration of multiple sporophytes from the GGBs was only observed under hormone-free MS medium, with a mean value of 34.2 ± 7.3 sporophytes per GGB after 6 weeks of culture. Subsequently, rootless and separated sporophytes could be directly transplanted into the aquarium with a 100% survival rate.

IntroductionHyFlex learning has been used and researched in colleges in developing countries. The main challenges in HyFlex adaptation in college are technology related variables. However, the investigations about HyFlex and the factors affect it were limited.MethodsThe current study aims to explore student technological skills effect on their attitudes toward HyFlex learning using 738 Indonesian college students. The mediating role of online self-regulated learning (SRL), perceptions on blended learning, and student’s preferred learning modes were also investigated. The relationship between variables were analyzed using structural equation modelling with partial least square parameter estimations (PLS-SEM).ResultsResults of structural equation modeling analysis show that student technological skills have significant effect on their attitude toward HyFlex learning. Mediation analysis revealed that student technological skills have indirect significant effect on their attitude toward HyFlex learning, i.e., online self-regulated learning, perceptions on blended learning, and online asynchronous and face to face learning preference partially mediated the effect of student technological skills on their attitude toward HyFlex learning. PLS-SEM conducted also shows that student technological skills have direct effect on their online self-regulated learning and perceptions on blended learning. Online self-regulated learning and perceptions on blended learning were also shown to have direct effect on student’s attitude toward HyFlex learning.DiscussionBy comprehending the factors that influence student attitudes towards HyFlex learning, educators and policymakers can endeavor to create a more conducive environment that enhances students’ motivation and engagement in this flexible learning approach.

Hemorrhoids are a prevalent medical condition that necessitates effective treatment options. The current options for treatment consist of oral medications, topical applications, or surgery, yet a scarcity of highly effective drugs still exists. Genetic markers provide promising avenues for investigating the treatment of hemorrhoids, as they may reveal intricate biological mechanisms and targeted drug therapies, ultimately enhancing more precise treatment tailored to the patient. This study aims to identify new drug candidates for treating hemorrhoids through a meticulous bioinformatics approach and integrated with genomic network analysis. After extracting 21 druggable target genes using DrugBank from 293 genes connected to hemorrhoids, 87 possible drugs were selected. Three of these drugs (ketamine, methylene blue, and fulvestrant) hold potential in addressing issues associated with hemorrhoids and have been supported by clinical or preclinical studies. Eighty-four compounds present new therapeutic possibilities for managing hemorrhoids. We highlight that our findings indicate that NOX1 and NOS3 genes are promising biomarkers, with NOS3 gaining significance owing to its robust systemic functional annotations. Sapropterin, an existing drug, is closely associated with NOS3, providing a clear target for biomarker-driven interventions. This study illustrates the potential of combining genomic network analysis with bioinformatics to repurpose drugs for treating hemorrhoids. Subsequent research will explore the mechanisms for utilizing NOS3 targeting in the treatment of hemorrhoids.

Education 4.0 emphasizes the use of hybrid approaches in the learning process. The use of peeragogy, heutagogy, and cybergogy may engage students in the learning processes in which active learning plays a key role. This study aimed to examine the effect of the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum on active learning practices and their relationships with hybrid activities based on hybrid learning approaches, and active learning counterparts of (1) self-regulated learning: (2) self-directed learning, and (3) self-determined learning. These relationships will be examined in Indonesian curriculum implementation in which student-centered principles are emphasized. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by collecting responses of vocational high school students on survey. The digital questionnaire was sent to 600 Indonesian students, of whom 555 completed it. The relationships among the constructs were examined using a structural equation modeling. The results showed that a curriculum emphasizing student-centered principles was fully mediated by active learning and hybrid activities to promote student self-regulated learning (SRL), self-determined learning (SDET), and self-directed learning (SDL). Active learning and hybrid activities directly affect students’ SRL, SDET, and SDL, Three counterparts of active learning that form important parts of long-life learning. This model indicates that Indonesian curriculum implementation may encourage active learning and indirectly increase learner engagement, autonomy, and metacognitive development.

Neuroscience in learning is a study that studies the brain in terms of anatomy and physiology and its correlation with learning. This study analyzed the ability of research subjects to link learning in early childhood with neuroscience studies. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The research subjects were PIAUD IAIN Ponorogo students taking Neuroscience courses in the 2022/2023 academic year. The learning methods for early childhood analyzed in this study included drum bands, drama, movements and songs, singing, modern and traditional dance, games, and stories or fairy tales presented in work performances. Data collection was carried out through documentation and interviews. The research data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman Analysis model, which consisted of three steps: reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Results Analysis of the research data showed that the research subjects could link learning in early childhood with neuroscience studies and knew the importance of learning in early childhood based on neuroscience studies.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of sensors communicating at close range by forming a wireless-based network (wireless). Since 2015 research related to the use of WSN in various health, agriculture, security industry, and other fields has continued to grow. One interesting research case is the use of WSN for the monitoring process by collecting data using sensors placed and distributed in locations based on a wireless system. Sensors with low power, multifunction, supported by a combination of wireless network, microcontroller, memory, operating system, radio communication, and energy source in the form of an integrated battery enable a monitoring process of the monitoring area to run properly. The implementation of the wireless sensor network includes five main parts, namely sender, receiver, wireless transmission media, data/information, network architecture/configuration, and network management. Network management itself includes network configuration management, network performance management, network failure management, network security management, and network financing management. The main obstacles in implementing a wireless sensor network include three things: an effective and efficient data sending/receiving process, limited and easily depleted sensor energy/power, network security, and data security that is vulnerable to eavesdropping and destruction. This paper presents a taxonomy related to the constraints in implementing Wireless Sensor Networks. This paper also presents solutions from existing studies related to the constraints of implementing the WSN. Furthermore, from the results of the taxonomy mapping of these constraints, new gaps were identified related to developing existing research to produce better solutions.

Objective This study aimed to develop loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) and compare it with LAMP-AGE, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and standard Salmonella culture as reference methods for detecting Salmonella contamination in animal products and animal production environmental samples. Methods The SalInvA01 primer, derived from the InvA gene and designed as a new probe for LFD detection, was used in developing this study. Adjusting for optimal conditions by temperature, time, and reagent concentration includes evaluating the specificity and limit of detection. The sampling of 120 animal product samples and 350 animal production environmental samples was determined by LAMP-LFD, comparing LAMP-AGE, PCR, and the culture method. Results Salmonella was amplified using optimal conditions for the LAMP reaction and a DNA probe for LFD at 63°C for 60 minutes. The specificity test revealed no cross-reactivity with other microorganisms. The limit of detection of LAMP-LFD in pure culture was 3×102 CFU/mL (6 CFU/reaction) and 9.01 pg/μL in genomic DNA. The limit of detection of the LAMP-LFD using artificially inoculated in minced chicken samples with 5 hours of pre-enrichment was 3.4×104 CFU/mL (680 CFU/reaction). For 120 animal product samples, Salmonella was detected by the culture method, LAMP-LFD, LAMP-AGE, and PCR in 10/120 (8.3%). In three hundred fifty animal production environmental samples, Salmonella was detected in 91/350 (26%) by the culture method, equivalent to the detection rates of LAMP-LFD and LAMP-AGE, while PCR achieved 86/350 (24.6%). When comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy, LAMP-LFD showed the best results at 100%, 95.7%, 86.3%, and 96.6%, respectively. For Kappa index of LAMP-LFD, indicated nearly perfect agreement with culture method. Conclusion The LAMP-LFD Salmonella detection, which used InvA gene, was highly specific, sensitive, and convenient for identifying Salmonella. Furthermore, this method could be used for Salmonella monitoring and primary screening in animal products and animal production environmental samples.

In the current era, digital games have been adopted as a part of teaching and learning tools in education and learning. Digital games can motivate users, attract interest in playing games, and learn what is offered. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is one of today's most important programming paradigms because it can help solve team problems in large systems. The conventional teaching system is considered insufficient for educating students in programming courses. Other studies have also shown that students have difficulty learning OOP. In this research, the Fisher-Yates Shuffle Algorithm is used for randomizing the question in educational game form. The results were obtained using the GUESS-18 modelling to get the user acceptance of the educational game OOP learning media using the Fisher- Yates algorithm with a user acceptance rate of 88.45%, meaning the user is “very satisfied” with the game being played. Based on this level of acceptance, it can be concluded that the 2D Platformer game for OOP learning media with the Fisher-Yates algorithm can be an alternative OOP learning media for users.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not yet been fully under public health control, which is still currently impacting a large number of people worldwide in 2023. Since the pandemic emerged, the growing number of publications related to TMPRSS2 as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor worldwide has increased rapidly with various findings and qualities. It is important to determine the trend of TMPRSS2 publication as no such studies currently exist that represent the publication trend related to this critical field of study. Here, we employed a bibliometric-based approach to evaluate the research trends of TMPRSS2 mechanistically as the SARS-CoV-2 receptor. We identified 1012 research documents published between 2020 and 2022 for this study. The most common document category was "Research Article" (646 articles, 63.84%) followed by "Review Article" (261 articles, 25.79%), and letters to editors (57 articles, 5.63%). Germany was the most cited country with a total of citations (9400 citations), followed by the USA (6409 citations) and China (1788 citations), respectively. In conclusion, given the impact of COVID-19, this study indicated TMPRSS2 as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor as a timely and highly relevant research topic.

Despite the widespread use of ionic polymer flocculants in sugar refineries, there is still insufficient knowledge on the relationship between the polymer properties and the efficiency of flocculation. This paper describes the performance of poly(sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide) (poly(SA-co-AAm)) as an anionic flocculant in the flocculation–coagulation of sugarcane juice from the sugar factory Gempolkrep PTPN X Mojokerto. Poly(SA-co-AAm) was successfully prepared via free radical polymerization of sodium acrylate and acrylamide with respective molar ratios of 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40, and compared with the commercial flocculant Accofloc. It was found that the mud height of the sugarcane decreased with increasing SA:AAm ratio. However, mud height increase was observed with further increasing SA:AAm ratio. Furthermore, increasing the flocculant dosage did not induce any significant change in the mud height and pH. The total dissolved solids (TDS) significantly decreased when the ratio of sodium acrylate:acrylamide was changed from 40:60 to 50:50, whereas a further change to 60:40 increased the TDS value again. It is also noticed that the tendency of turbidity is consistent with the TDS value. These results demonstrate that poly(SA-co-AAm) is a feasible alternative to the commercial flocculant owing to its good flocculation–coagulation performance with an optimum SA:AAm ratio of 50:50.

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) on organizational commitment with employee engagement as a mediator in companies in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach – This study used a sample of 170 employees in Indonesia and analyzed the data using partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings – The findings showed that LMX has a positive and significant direct effect on organizational commitment and employee engagement. Employee engagement also has a positive and significant direct effect on organizational commitment. Furthermore, employee engagement partially mediates the effect of LMX on organizational commitment. Limitations - First, the sample size is small, and the sample characteristics are skewed to one of the subcategories. Second, this study only employs quantitative methods to describe how LMX influences organizational commitment via employee engagement. Third, this study considers one of the elements that can influence the effect of LMX on organizational commitment, namely employee engagement. Practical implications – Leaders play a crucial role in shaping employee engagement and commitment to the organization. Therefore, leaders should value employees’ contributions to the organization and provide their employees with a supportive environment and mentoring. Moreover, this study will help organizations in designing their employee experience program. Originality/value – This study contributes to the body of knowledge by exploring how LMX, organizational commitment, and employee engagement are related in the Indonesian context and examining the mediating role of employee engagement on the effect of LMX on organizational commitment.

Background and Aim: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the early phase of infection in the innate immune response against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor (LITAF) is an essential transcription factor that regulates the immune system, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to determine the hematological profile reflecting the immune response related to TLR2 and TLR4 and LITAF gene expression in Thai indigenous chickens. Materials and Methods: Blood samples (2 mL) were randomly obtained from three chicken breeds (black-boned chicken, Fah Luang chicken, and Pradu Hang Dam chicken) at 16 weeks of age (n = 5 per breed). The hematological profile and mRNA expression within the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined by hematological analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: The hematological profile differed significantly in terms of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, and white blood cells (WBCs) (p < 0.05). Black-boned chicken and Fah Luang chicken had lower RBC levels than Pradu Hang Dam chicken. Fah Luang chicken had lower hemoglobin than Pradu Hang Dam chicken. However, Fah Luang chicken had higher WBC levels than Pradu Hang Dam chicken. Hematocrit, heterophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes did not differ significantly among the groups (p > 0.05). According to qRT-PCR, the expression of the TLR2 gene did not differ significantly among the groups (p > 0.05), while TLR4 and LITAF gene expression did (p < 0.05). Toll-like receptor 4 and LITAF genes were most highly expressed in Fah Luang chicken. Conclusion: The PBMCs of Thai indigenous chickens showed evidence of TLR4 and LITAF gene expression, with higher expression levels observed in Fah Luang chicken. From this preliminary study, it is concluded that TLR4 and LITAF genes might play roles in the main immune system response in Thai indigenous chickens.

Choosing a costly defense over an economically productive investment is always a nightmare for national policymakers. Despite the dilemma, Singapore came up as an anomaly with its decision in investing a remarkable amount of defense budget, reaching 4.5% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and ranging around 15-30% of its annual government spending and still succeeding in developing its economy, while some do not. Therefore, drawing from what happened in the early period of Singapore’s independence, this study aims to figure out how the country justified its decision to choose a costly defense investment over a productive investment during this period and how the Singapore government decided to spend almost 40% of its annual budget on defense. Through historical analysis and literature studies, this study finds that the decision to choose a costly defense investment over an economically productive investment is justifiable under specific circumstances: first, when a nation deals with threats that would cost the nation future and survivability; second, the ability to implement the policy effectively and efficiently; third, is the ability to set how much is enough, the top limit of defense investment; and fourth, the existence of potential economic benefits.

Nowadays, the Level II Technical Expert Seafarers' Training Program learning is conventional. This is burdensome for students due to the increased cost of living for students and needs to be revised. The coronavirus pandemic also limits direct learning. This article discusses the blended learning model for Seafarers Training Program for Level II Technical Experts. This research uses mixed methods. Quantitative methods are used to determine student responses to learning conditions. Student response data was taken using a questionnaire filled in by 41 students. Qualitative methods are used in finding the Blended Learning Model in the Level II Technical Seafarers Training Program Based on the needs of the Shipping Industry. In preparing the data model, the literature review includes blended learning, e-modules, and problem-based learning. The learning model is based on a literature review using the principles of education management. The descriptive analysis describes the model findings of Blended learning at Level II Technical Seafarers' Training. The findings in this article are that The MixPAM (Mixture Blended Problem-based And e-Module) model is a mixture of blended learning and problem-based learning e-module. The results show that the MixPAM model is hypothetically effective and efficient in improving student skills according to industry needs. Professional skills include ship engine repair maintenance (according to industry requirements), ship electrical, control, and ship management systems. Interpersonal skills include communication, teamwork, responsibility, and critical thinking.

Studies on SME new product development utilizing the design thinking methodology during the pandemic have received little attention from academics. This study aims to examine how a firm’s new product and performance are impacted by the design thinking process. The study was carried out at the height of Covid-19’s market dominance. Data was gathered using an online survey of 187 SMEs from diverse industries located throughout Indonesia. Purposeful sampling is conducted to find the chosen companies, particularly those that have altered their business model or added new products. The data is then analysed and modelled using SEM-PLS to determine how the concepts connect. This study discovered that SMEs can still use the design thinking method to assist them in coping with the effects of the pandemic. It has also been demonstrated that market volatility makes the design thinking method less effective. The study highlights the significance of a firm’s absorptive capacity for fostering the design-thinking process. The results of this study demonstrate how design thinking helps a business succeed during a period of significant changes in customer behaviour, bridging a knowledge gap. The study’s conclusions might help SMEs modify their business practices during and after the pandemic.

Loads could affect the body gait in various ways. Backpacks, sling bags, suitcases, and even trolleys could hugely affect human gait without us realizing it. The effects of these loads have been scientifically researched in biomechanics and sports science for the past few years. For instance, the comparison of walking with and without a backpack could easily reveal significant differences in body segments, which could be utilized for therapy and medicine development. The aim of this research is to determine the differences of the spatiotemporal kinematic parameters between a conventional human gait and a backpack-loaded gait. Some parameters to be highlighted are stride lengths, stride duration, joint angles, linear and angular segment positions, velocities, and accelerations. The method used for marker data acquisition is based on the 2-dimensional Direct Linear Transformation. The results demonstrate that the backpack increases stride lengths and reduces stride duration, contrast to the expected where backpacks would reduce stride lengths. It was observed that the angle between the bag and the body posterior affects the abdomen relative angle, which directly translates to stride lengths as well. During unloaded walking, increases in pelvic rotation contribute to increases in stride length with increasing walking speed. However, in loaded walking, the back angle is also a factor in determining kinematic parameters.

In this study, Covid-19 modeling in Indonesia is carried out using a time series model. The time series model used is the time series model for discrete data. These models consist of Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN), Error, Trend, and Seasonal (ETS), Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), Fuzzy Time Series (FTS), Generalized Autoregression Moving Average (GARMA), and Bayesian Time Series. Based on the results of forecast accuracy calculation using MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) as model evaluation for confirmed data, the most accurate case models is the bayesian model of 0.04%, while all recovered cases yield MAPE 0.05%, except for FTS = 0.06%. For data for death cases SSA and Bayesian Models, the best with MAPE is 0.07%.

The leftover food and feces from fish aquaculture in the floating net cages (FNC) may contribute to the nutrient enrichment at surrounding FNC water. The phytoplankton community structure is the one of important indicator for water quality evaluation. This research aims to determine the plankton community structure and water quality around FNC, Sendang Biru, Malang. Plankton samples and physico-chemical parameters were taken at 3 locations at surrounding FNC area. The results show that phytoplankton from the Bacillariophyceae class and zooplankton from the Hexanauplia class (copepods) dominate in the community structure. Phytoplankton abundance ranges from 795-11405 ind/L, diversity index (H') ranges from 1.47-2.43, evenness index (E) ranges from 0.76-0.95, and dominance index (D) ranges from 0.1-0.3. Meanwhile, zooplankton abundance ranges from 15-634 ind/L, H' value in range of 2.05-2.58, E value in the range of 0.72-0.84, D value in the range of 0.11 -0.17. Nitrate and phosphate have values that exceed the specified quality standards.

Sepaku is one of the sub-region in Penajam Paser Utara which is known as part of the Indonesia New Capital City (Ibu Kota Nusantara/IKN). It has three coastal villages including Mentawir, Pemaluan, and Maridan. In regards to the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), this research aims to identify the local potential and to point out the potential strategies. Under the ICZM, the local potential should take into account the criteria of communities or coastal expertise, coastal facilities, natural resources, and responsible stakeholders. In cooperation with the result of ICZM identification, the local potential is considered under the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threat (SWOT) Analysis. It is identified that Sepaku has local potential in the coastal area which substantial to the development of the new capital city. To conclude, this research suggests that Sepaku needs to have progressive strategies. It means that the priority strategy has to use its components of strength to mobilize the opportunities.

Solanesol is an aliphatic terpene alcohol composed of nine isoprene units with many bioactive benefits and is commonly found in Solanaceae, including tobacco. Solanesol is difficult to synthesize artificially; Therefore, acquisition still relies on extraction. Extraction methods such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) have reduced extraction time and solvent consumption. Some variables that influence extraction performance in MAE are solvent selection, extraction time, microwave power, and sample-to-solvent ratio (S/F). This research aims to find the optimum parameters for the extraction of solanesol from Virginia variety tobacco leaves using the response surface methodology approach. This study considered the extraction time (30, 60, and 90 seconds), sample-to-water ratio (S/F) (1:1, 1:3, and 1:6), and microwave power (200, 400, and 600 W) were optimized. Solanesol from the extraction was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the yield response was then processed using Design Expert to obtain optimum variables of MAE. This study shows that the optimum condition for the MAE process was 10 mL of water, with a power of 324.581 W for 30 seconds and a predicted solanesol yield of 2.926%.

This study aims to determine the effect of emulsion coating of different fatty acids on the characteristics of Salak Bali fruit and to determine the right emulsion formulation. The experimental design used in this study was a simple randomized complete block design (CRD). The treatments were A0: Salak untreated (control). A1: Salak treated with oleic acid, A2: Salak treated with stearic acid, A3: Salak treated with palmitic acid, and A4: Salak treated with a mixture of oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid. The experiment was repeated three (3) times and observations were made every 3 days until day 15, including: weight loss, total soluble solids, pH, color and organoleptic tests. The results showed that emulsion coating with oleic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid had a significant effect on the shelf life of Salak Bali fruit. Stearic acid emulsion (1%) is the best emulsion in fruit coating that produces the best fruit characteristics in terms of durability, color, weight loss, pH, suppressing the increase in soluble solids content and is the emulsion that gets the best choice from the calculation of the average number of panelists on organoleptic texture, color and overall acceptability of salak fruit.

This study examines the impact of using dry rice, characterized by low calories and high resistant starch content, on broiler performance under heat stress conditions in Indonesia. Broilers face challenges related to stress, particularly heat stress, which can compromise their immunity. The research investigates the potential of resistant starch in dry rice to enhance broiler digestion performance and immunity. The experiment, conducted at Zakiyah Farm and the Laboratory of the Wates Veterinary Center, Yogyakarta, involved three treatments (T1, T2, and T3) with five replications each. Observed variables included water consumption, carcass weight, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), bursa fabricius weight, and Hi-Test Nd antibody levels. Results showed no significant impact on water consumption, carcass weight, and PCV across all treatments. However, a decrease in bursa weight in T1 and T3 indicated an increased level of stress. The lowest seropositive Hi-Test Nd values in T1 and T3 suggested that the use of dry rice through the sowing method might alleviate heat stress on broilers. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the potential of dry rice to maintain the stability of broiler antibodies under heat stress conditions, emphasizing the need for further exploration of alternative dietary components.

Indonesia has already contacted the maritime nations due to its 5.8 million km2 of coastline. Consequently, fish products are among the most important commodities. Moreover, fish grading is a crucial step in the process of exporting fisheries products. Currently, in Indonesia, the process itself is manually inspected by an expert. In addition, this paper proposes to assist the industry by suggesting a method for grading fish. This method involves combining two essential fish parts with different resolutions: the high-level feature (the body) and the low-level feature (the eye) serve as defining characteristics. These two main parts are accurately localized using a deep learning-based object detection model, specifically YOLOv7, and extracted with an efficient and adaptive learned classification model, namely EfficientnetV2S. In the final stage, the two extracted features are combined and learned with Dense Layers to generate three distinct fish grades. Based on the experimental results, the proposed work achieved an accuracy, F1 Score, and recall of 96.88%, 97%, and 97%, respectively. The proposed model outperformed the baseline model, which relies solely on deep learning-based classification, by a significant margin.

ABSTRAK Salah satu unsur penyebab kebakaran adalah api. Berbagai sistem deteksi kebakaran digunakan untuk pengidraan seperti sensor tunggal non-visual. akan tetapi, kebanyakan sensor-sensor tersebut memiliki keterbatasan sensitifitas, missed detection dan false alarm. Oleh karena itu, kebenaran data diperlukan untuk mengetahui potensi kebakaran di sekitar area sensor. Pada penelitian ini, mikrokontroler digunakan untuk proses komputasi data berdasarkan sektor dari sensor UV, dimana metode scanning CW/CCW digunakan untuk mendapatkan hasil dari beberapa korelasi data. Hasil percobaan, sistem deteksi dengan metode CW-CCW dapat meningkatkan sensitifitas dan probablitas kebenaran 37,14 % dan 5,47 % untuk Δ𜃠= 11,25o, dan 48,66 % dan 8,01 % untuk Δ𜃠= 5,625o. Kata kunci: sistem deteksi kebakaran, missed detection, false alarm, sensor UV, metode scanning CW/CCW.  ABSTRACT One of the elements that cause fire is flame. Various fire detection systems are used for sensing such as a single non-visual sensor. however, most of these sensors have limited sensitivity, detection area, missed detection, and false alarms. Therefore, The correctness of the data is needed to determine the potential for fires around the sensor area. In this work, a microcontroller is used to process data computing based on the sector of the UV sensor, where the CW/CCW scanning method is used to obtain results from several data correlations. The results of the experiment, the detection system with the CW-CCW method can increase the sensitivity and probability of correct to 37.14% and 5.47% for Δ𜃠= 11.25o, and 48.66 % and 8.01% for Δ𜃠= 5.625o. Keywords: fire detection systems, missed detection, false alarm, UV sensor, CW/CCW scanning method.

Instagram is one of the social media with the main feature to share photos/videos with other users. The photo or video will be uploaded in the form of a post, where the post will appear on the uploader's profile and in the timeline of the followers of the uploading user. When it was first launched, Instagram used a very simple algorithm to control the order in which posts were displayed. Posts that are displayed on the user timeline are only posts from other users that are followed and arranged only by the order in which they are posted. The more recently posted posts will appear in the timeline with the top positions compared to the older posts. This makes so many posts less visible to other users, especially posts posted at certain times, where the majority of other users are not active on Instagram (for example at midnight). But since the end of 2018, there has been a new algorithm implemented by Instagram. Posts that will appear in the user timeline are organized based on 3 main factors, namely Interest, Timeliness, and Relationship. Interest, that is, posts are ranked based on user interest, the more relevant they are, the more their position is on the user's timeline. Timeliness is a factor when the post is published. The newer the posting time, the higher the position will also be in the user timeline. The relationship is a factor of the intensity of interaction with another account. The more a user interacts with an account, the posts from that account will occupy a higher position in the timeline. Also, posts that appear are influenced by three supporting factors, such as Frequency, Following, and Usage. Frequency is how often users open Instagram. Following is the post content that appears in the user's timeline is the post from another user that he follows. And Usage is how much time the user spends accessing Instagram

Background and Aim: Listeria monocytogenes is a critical foodborne pathogen that infects pregnant females and their newborns and older adults and individuals with comorbidities. It contaminates fresh vegetables, fruits, ready-to-eat foods, and frozen food products consumed by individuals. The culture conventional detection methods for L. monocytogenes are time-consuming, taking 4 days. This study aimed to describe the development and comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)- lateral flow dipstick (LFD), LAMP assay to PCR, and conventional culture for detecting L. monocytogenes in frozen food products. Materials and Methods: Five LAMP primer sets, including F3, B3, forward inner primer, and backward inner primer, were designed from a specific region on ferrous iron transport protein B gene (feoB gene) to amplify LAMP products. The DNA probe was created, and the detection limit was determined in pure culture and purified DNA, as well as the detection in 20 frozen food product samples. Results: The LMfeoB4 LAMP primer sets and DNA probe were LAMP products amplified at 60°C for 50 min. The specificity of the assay revealed no cross-reactivity with other pathogenic bacteria. The limit of detection (LOD) of the LAMP-LFD and LAMP assays using purified genomic DNA was 219 fg/μL both in LAMP and LAMP-LFD assays. The LOD of LAMP and LAMP-LFD assays in pure culture was 4.3×102 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL and 43 CFU/mL, respectively. The LOD of the LAMP-LFD assay using artificially inoculated chicken in frozen food samples with pre-enrichment was 3.2×102 CFU/mL. The LAMP-LFD was also more sensitive than the LAMP assay and polymerase chain reaction. Finally, LAMP-LFD revealed no false positives in any of the 20 frozen food product samples. Conclusion: LAMP-LFD assay using a specific region on the feoB gene to detect L. monocytogenes was highly specific, sensitive, faster, and convenient, making it a valuable tool for the monitoring and rapid screening of L. monocytogenes in frozen food products. This technique is applicable to the development of detection technologies for other pathogens in food products.

Exhaust emissions are the residue from burning fuel which can cause air pollution. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to design a system for reducing exhaust emissions of internal combustion engine. This study aims to determine the effect of absorbent concentration on the exhaust emission from internal combustion engine. The research was carried out in 2 stages, namely designing a system for reducing exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines and processing exhaust emissions by channeling exhaust emissions into an exhaust emission reduction system. The internal combustion engine used pertalite. The exhaust emissions consisted of CO, CO2 and HC. The absorbent concentrations were 0.05 M, 0.1 M and 0.15 M. The engine speeds were 800, 1000, 1500 and 2000 rpm. The paired-t test showed that the exhaust emission reduction system in this study can reduce exhaust emission. The one-way Anova test resulted the absorbent concentration affect the exhaust gas emissions, both CO, CO2 and HC which are expressed in the efficiency of reducing exhaust emission.. The greatest efficiency in reducing exhaust emission is CO2 of 67.95%. The lowest efficiency of reducing exhaust emission is CO, which is 46.92%, while the efficiency of reducing HC emission is 62.47%.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), which results mainly from the selection of naturally resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) due to mismanaged treatment, poses a severe challenge to the global control of TB. Therefore, screening novel and unique drug targets against this pathogen is urgently needed. The metabolic pathways of Homo sapiens and MTB were compared using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes tool, and further, the proteins that are involved in the metabolic pathways of MTB were subtracted and proceeded to protein-protein interaction network analysis, subcellular localization, drug ability testing, and gene ontology. The study aims to identify enzymes for the unique pathways for further screening to determine the feasibility of the therapeutic targets. The qualitative characteristics of 28 proteins identified as drug target candidates were studied. The results showed that 12 were cytoplasmic, 2 were extracellular, 12 were transmembrane, and 3 were unknown. Furthermore, druggability analysis revealed 14 druggable proteins, of which 12 were novel and responsible for MTB peptidoglycan and lysine biosynthesis. The novel targets obtained in this study are used to develop antimicrobial treatments against pathogenic bacteria. Future studies should further shed light on the clinical implementation to identify antimicrobial therapies against MTB.

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation on the skin's surface, characterized by the appearance of pink plaques covered with white scales. Currently, the availability of psoriasis vulgaris therapy is still limited. Therefore, considering the discovery of new drug candidates by utilizing genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) through drug repurposing, is a profitable method. The SNP associated with psoriasis was obtained from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Phenom Wide Association Studies (PheWAS) databases. We identified 245 SNPs associated with psoriasis vulgaris with criteria of r2 >0.8. To prioritize the candidate of a gene associated with psoriasis, we used five criteria of functional annotation (missense/nonsense, cis-eQTL, PPI, KEGG, Ko mice) where if there were more than two criteria of assessment, they were defined as the risk gene of psoriasis vulgaris. Fifty-two genes were identified as the risk gene of psoriasis vulgaris, then expanded using the STRING database to obtain more gene candidates of drug targets. The result is 104 genes candidates for drug targets, of which 24 overlapped with 96 drugs, according to DrugBank. Of the 96 drugs that have been approved for other indications, we found that five drugs (ustekinumab, tildrakizumab, riszankizumab, guselkumab, and etanercept) are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of psoriasis that target two genes (IL23A and TNF). We argue that these two genes are the most promising targets based on their high target scores on functional annotations. This research explains the potential that utilizing genomic variation can contribute to drug discovery.

Chickenpox (varicella) is caused by infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a neurotropic alpha herpes virus with a double-stranded DNA genome. Chickenpox can cause life-threatening complications, including subsequent bacterial infections, central nervous system symptoms, and even death without any risk factors. Few studies have been reported to investigate genetic susceptibility implicated in chickenpox. Herein, our study identified global genetic variants that potentially contributed to chickenpox susceptibility by utilizing the established bioinformatic-based approach. We integrated several databases, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog, GTEx portal, HaploReg version 4.1, and Ensembl databases analyses to investigate susceptibility genes associated with chickenpox. Notably, increased expression of HLA-S, HCG4P5, and ABHD16A genes underlie enhanced chickenpox susceptibility in the European, American, and African populations. As compared to the Asian population, Europeans, Americans, and Africans have higher allele frequencies of the extant variants rs9266089, rs10947050, and rs79501286 from the susceptibility genes. Our study suggested that these susceptibility genes and associated genetic variants might play a critical role in chickenpox progression based on host genetics with clinical implications.

The purpose of this study is to investigate financial behavior among university students in Surabaya and analyze the relationship between perceived usefulness of financial technology, financial socialization, and financial literacy as an intervening variable. Conclusive causality research is used for this research with primary data collected from questionnaires. The sampling techniques used a combination of proportional stratified random sampling and purposive sampling towards 466 university students from 6 universities in Surabaya. Data analyzed using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) techniques. The result shows that financial literacy and financial socialization positively impacts financial behavior while perceived usefulness of financial technology variables does not affect financial behavior. Mediation results showsthat financial literacy is able to mediate perceived usefulness of financial technology and financial socialization towards financial behavior of university students in Surabaya. Through this research is expected to be the reference for various parties, especially for curriculum makers to consider optimization technical teaching strategies and assessment indicators in basic financial outreach.