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Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) is a rare condition characterized by the spread of uterine leiomyomas to the lungs, typically observed in premenopausal women with a history of hysterectomy or myomectomy. This report presents a unique case of a postmenopausal woman, aged 65, that emphasizes the clinical, radiological, histologic, and immunohistochemical aspects of the disease. On presentation, the patient suffered from severe pain. On imaging, a sizable lung tumor was found. Histopathological examination and immunoprofiling confirmed PBML. The patient underwent various treatments, including surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy, illustrating the challenges in managing PBML. A literature review underscores the rarity of PBML and its diverse clinical manifestations. This study provides valuable insights into the complexities of PBML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developments in molecular diagnosis and implementation of mutation-driven targeted therapy marked a milestone in cancer treatment. Next-generation sequencing allows sequencing of a high number of nucleotides in a short time and from a limited quantity of pathology or cytology specimens. This is a review of actual indications, utility of next-generation sequencing, and availability of targeted therapies in different neoplasms. We present the European Society for Medical Oncology Precision Medicine Working Group recommendations for tumor multigene sequencing use with the Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets ranking determined for each alteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer patients compared to healthy people as well as possibility of detection of these molecules in blood samples make them potential biomarkers of various cancers. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of four miRNAs as lung cancer (LC) biomarkers: miRNA-448, 506, 4316, and 4478. Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique, we assessed expression of studied miRNAs in plasma samples of 90 lung cancer patients and 85 healthy individuals. Receiver operating curves (ROC) with area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess accuracy of studied miRNAs for distinguishing LC patients from healthy individuals. The miRNA-448 and 4478 were significantly overexpressed in lung cancer patients compared to healthy people and these two molecules were qualified for further analysis. Combination ROC analysis of both biomarkers reached 90 % of sensitivity and 76.3 % of specificity (AUC = 0.896) for distinguishing operable (stage IA-IIB) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from healthy subjects. Our results suggest that the examination of miRNAs could be considered as potential lung cancer, non-invasive biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer patients compared to healthy people as well as possibility of detection of these molecules in blood samples make them potential biomarkers of various cancers. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of four miRNAs as lung cancer (LC) biomarkers: miRNA-448, 506, 4316, and 4478. Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique, we assessed expression of studied miRNAs in plasma samples of 90 lung cancer patients and 85 healthy individuals. Receiver operating curves (ROC) with area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess accuracy of studied miRNAs for distinguishing LC patients from healthy individuals. The miRNA-448 and 4478 were significantly overexpressed in lung cancer patients compared to healthy people and these two molecules were qualified for further analysis. Combination ROC analysis of both biomarkers reached 90 % of sensitivity and 76.3 % of specificity (AUC = 0.896) for distinguishing operable (stage IA-IIB) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from healthy subjects. Our results suggest that the examination of miRNAs could be considered as potential lung cancer, non-invasive biomarkers.

Introduction: Primary germ cell tumours with mediastinal location comprise 1-6% of mediastinal tumours and 2-5% of all germ cell tumours occurring in adults. They are identified mostly in the 3rd decade of life, in 90% of cases in men. The most common symptoms are dyspnea, chest pain, cough, fever and weight loss. The aim of the present study was the analysis of our own results of treatment of primary germ cell tumours with mediastinal location, and a review of the literature concerning this subject., Material and Methods: Five patients (4 males, 1 female) median age 27.8 years (range 23-30 years) treated in the period from 1999 to 2009 in Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Department of Lung Cancer and Chest Tumours in Warsaw, due to germinal tumours with primary mediastinal location, entered the study., Results: All patients received chemotherapy according to the BEP regimen. All patients achieved an objective response to treatment. Two patients died due to disease progression in spite of II- and III-line treatment. Three patients are still in follow-up. The median survival time was 55.8 months (range 8.0-120.0 months)., Conclusions: Primary mediastinal germ cell tumours have worse prognosis than do those with gonadal location. Based on our observations and review of the literature, it can be concluded that the results of treatment of non-seminoma type germ cell tumours with primary mediastinal location remain poor. Patients who develop early recurrence or progression during first-line chemotherapy are particularly at risk of unfavourable outcome. Identification of new standards of treatment in tumours resistant to cisplatin require further studies evaluating the effectiveness of new generation cytostatic drugs.