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2. Epochs, events and episodes: Marking the geological impact of humans

Author

Waters, Colin N., Williams, Mark, Zalasiewicz, Jan, Turner, Simon D., Barnosky, Anthony D., Head, Martin J., Wing, Scott L., Wagreich, Michael, Steffen, Will, Summerhayes, Colin P., Cundy, Andrew B., Zinke, Jens, Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł, Barbara, Leinfelder, Reinhold, Haff, Peter K., McNeill, J.R., Rose, Neil L., Hajdas, Irka, McCarthy, Francine M.G., Cearreta, Alejandro, Gałuszka, Agnieszka, Syvitski, Jaia, Han, Yongming, An, Zhisheng, Fairchild, Ian J., Ivar do Sul, Juliana A., and Jeandel, Catherine

Published
2022
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3. The PhanSST global database of Phanerozoic sea surface temperature proxy data

Author

Judd, Emily J., Tierney, Jessica E., Huber, Brian T., Wing, Scott L., Lunt, Daniel J., Ford, Heather L., Inglis, Gordon N., McClymont, Erin L., O’Brien, Charlotte L., Rattanasriampaipong, Ronnakrit, Si, Weimin, Staitis, Matthew L., Thirumalai, Kaustubh, Anagnostou, Eleni, Cramwinckel, Marlow Julius, Dawson, Robin R., Evans, David, Gray, William R., Grossman, Ethan L., Henehan, Michael J., Hupp, Brittany N., MacLeod, Kenneth G., O’Connor, Lauren K., Sánchez Montes, Maria Luisa, Song, Haijun, and Zhang, Yi Ge

Published
2022
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4. Stratigraphic and Earth System Approaches to Defining the Anthropocene (2016)

Author

Steffen, Will, Leinfelder, Reinhold, Zalasiewicz, Jan, Waters, Colin N., Williams, Mark, Summerhayes, Colin, Barnosky, Anthony D., Cearreta, Alejandro, Crutzen, Paul, Edgeworth, Matt, Ellis, Erle C., Fairchild, Ian J., Galuszka, Agnieszka, Grinevald, Jacques, Haywood, Alan, do Sul, Juliana Ivar, Jeandel, Catherine, McNeill, J. R., Odada, Eric, Oreskes, Naomi, Revkin, Andrew, de B. Richter, Daniel, Syvitski, James, Vidas, Davor, Wagreich, Michael, Wing, Scott L., Wolfe, Alexander P., Schellnhuber, H. J., Brauch, Hans Günter, Series Editor, Benner, Susanne, editor, Lax, Gregor, editor, Crutzen, Paul J., editor, Pöschl, Ulrich, editor, and Lelieveld, Jos, editor

Published
2021
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5. Prehistoric Wetlands

Author

Greb, Stephen F., primary, DiMichele, William A., additional, Gastaldo, Robert W., additional, Eble, Cortland F., additional, and Wing, Scott L., additional

Published
2022
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6. The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: experimental design for model simulations of the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM (version 1.0)

Author

Lunt, Daniel J, Huber, Matthew, Anagnostou, Eleni, Baatsen, Michiel LJ, Caballero, Rodrigo, DeConto, Rob, Dijkstra, Henk A, Donnadieu, Yannick, Evans, David, Feng, Ran, Foster, Gavin L, Gasson, Ed, von der Heydt, Anna S, Hollis, Chris J, Inglis, Gordon N, Jones, Stephen M, Kiehl, Jeff, Turner, Sandy Kirtland, Korty, Robert L, Kozdon, Reinhardt, Krishnan, Srinath, Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, Langebroek, Petra, Lear, Caroline H, LeGrande, Allegra N, Littler, Kate, Markwick, Paul, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Pearson, Paul, Poulsen, Christopher J, Salzmann, Ulrich, Shields, Christine, Snell, Kathryn, Staerz, Michael, Super, James, Tabor, Clay, Tierney, Jessica E, Tourte, Gregory JL, Tripati, Aradhna, Upchurch, Garland R, Wade, Bridget S, Wing, Scott L, Winguth, Arne ME, Wright, Nicky M, Zachos, James C, and Zeebe, Richard E

Subjects
Earth Sciences
Abstract

Abstract. Past warm periods provide an opportunity to evaluate climate models under extreme forcing scenarios, in particular high ( >  800 ppmv) atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Although a post hoc intercomparison of Eocene ( ∼  50  Ma) climate model simulations and geological data has been carried out previously, models of past high-CO2 periods have never been evaluated in a consistent framework. Here, we present an experimental design for climate model simulations of three warm periods within the early Eocene and the latest Paleocene (the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM). Together with the CMIP6 pre-industrial control and abrupt 4 ×  CO2 simulations, and additional sensitivity studies, these form the first phase of DeepMIP – the Deep-time Model Intercomparison Project, itself a group within the wider Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). The experimental design specifies and provides guidance on boundary conditions associated with palaeogeography, greenhouse gases, astronomical configuration, solar constant, land surface processes, and aerosols. Initial conditions, simulation length, and output variables are also specified. Finally, we explain how the geological data sets, which will be used to evaluate the simulations, will be developed.

Published
2017

9. Stratigraphic and Earth System Approaches to Defining the Anthropocene (2016)

Author

Steffen, Will, primary, Leinfelder, Reinhold, additional, Zalasiewicz, Jan, additional, Waters, Colin N., additional, Williams, Mark, additional, Summerhayes, Colin, additional, Barnosky, Anthony D., additional, Cearreta, Alejandro, additional, Crutzen, Paul, additional, Edgeworth, Matt, additional, Ellis, Erle C., additional, Fairchild, Ian J., additional, Galuszka, Agnieszka, additional, Grinevald, Jacques, additional, Haywood, Alan, additional, do Sul, Juliana Ivar, additional, Jeandel, Catherine, additional, McNeill, J. R., additional, Odada, Eric, additional, Oreskes, Naomi, additional, Revkin, Andrew, additional, de B. Richter, Daniel, additional, Syvitski, James, additional, Vidas, Davor, additional, Wagreich, Michael, additional, Wing, Scott L., additional, Wolfe, Alexander P., additional, and Schellnhuber, H. J., additional

Published
2021
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19. Isotopic clumping in wood as a proxy for photorespiration in trees.

Author

Lloyd, Max K., Stein, Rebekah A., Ibarra, Daniel E., Barclay, Richard S., Wing, Scott L., Stahle, David W., Dawson, Todd E., and Stolper, Daniel A.

Subjects
FOSSIL trees, CARBON fixation, CALVIN cycle, WATER supply, TREES
Abstract

Photorespiration can limit gross primary productivity in terrestrial plants. The rate of photorespiration relative to carbon fixation increases with temperature and decreases with atmospheric [CO2]. However, the extent to which this rate varies in the environment is unclear. Here, we introduce a proxy for relative photorespiration rate based on the clumped isotopic composition of methoxyl groups (R-O-CH3) in wood. Most methoxyl C-H bonds are formed either during photorespiration or the Calvin cycle and thus their isotopic composition may be sensitive to the mixing ratio of these pathways. In water-replete growing conditions, we find that the abundance of the clumped isotopologue 13CH2D correlates with temperature (18-28 °C) and atmospheric [CO2] (280-1000 ppm), consistent with a common dependence on relative photorespiration rate. When applied to a global dataset of wood, we observe global trends of isotopic clumping with climate and water availability. Clumped isotopic compositions are similar across environments with temperatures below ~18 °C. Above ~18 °C, clumped isotopic compositions in water-limited and water-replete trees increasingly diverge. We propose that trees from hotter climates photorespire substantially more than trees from cooler climates. How increased photorespiration is managed depends on water availability: water-replete trees export more photorespiratory metabolites to lignin whereas water-limited trees either export fewer overall or direct more to other sinks that mitigate water stress. These disparate trends indicate contrasting responses of photorespiration rate (and thus gross primary productivity) to a future high-[ CO2] world. This work enables reconstructing photorespiration rates in the geologic past using fossil wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Society Records and Activities

Author

Henry, Thomas W., Walker, Sally A., Hughes, Nigel C., Palmer, A. R., Wing, Scott L., Koch, Paul L., Lieberman, Bruce S., and Smith, Legrand

Published
1999

22. Response to Merritts et al. (2023): The Anthropocene is complex. Defining it is not

Author

Waters, Colin N., primary, Head, Martin J., additional, Zalasiewicz, Jan, additional, McCarthy, Francine M.G., additional, Wing, Scott L., additional, Haff, Peter K., additional, Williams, Mark, additional, Barnosky, Anthony D., additional, Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł, Barbara, additional, Leinfelder, Reinhold, additional, McNeill, J.R., additional, Rose, Neil L., additional, Steffen, Will, additional, Summerhayes, Colin P., additional, Wagreich, Michael, additional, An, Zhisheng, additional, Cearreta, Alejandro, additional, Cundy, Andrew B., additional, Fairchild, Ian J., additional, Gałuszka, Agnieszka, additional, Hajdas, Irka, additional, Han, Yongming, additional, Ivar do Sul, Juliana A., additional, Jeandel, Catherine, additional, Syvitski, Jaia, additional, Turner, Simon D., additional, and Zinke, Jens, additional

Published
2023
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24. When did the Anthropocene begin? A mid-twentieth century boundary level is stratigraphically optimal

Author

Zalasiewicz, Jan, Waters, Colin N., Williams, Mark, Barnosky, Anthony D., Cearreta, Alejandro, Crutzen, Paul, Ellis, Erle, Ellis, Michael A., Fairchild, Ian J., Grinevald, Jacques, Haff, Peter K., Hajdas, Irka, Leinfelder, Reinhold, McNeill, John, Odada, Eric O., Poirier, Clément, Richter, Daniel, Steffen, Will, Summerhayes, Colin, Syvitski, James P.M., Vidas, Davor, Wagreich, Michael, Wing, Scott L., Wolfe, Alexander P., An, Zhisheng, and Oreskes, Naomi

Published
2015
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28. The proposed Anthropocene Epoch/Series is underpinned by an extensive array of mid‐20th century stratigraphic event signals

Author

Head, Martin J., primary, Zalasiewicz, Jan A., additional, Waters, Colin N., additional, Turner, Simon D., additional, Williams, Mark, additional, Barnosky, Anthony D., additional, Steffen, Will, additional, Wagreich, Michael, additional, Haff, Peter K., additional, Syvitski, Jaia, additional, Leinfelder, Reinhold, additional, Mccarthy, Francine M. G., additional, Rose, Neil L., additional, Wing, Scott L., additional, An, Zhisheng, additional, Cearreta, Alejandro, additional, Cundy, Andrew B., additional, Fairchild, Ian J., additional, Han, Yongming, additional, Ivar Do Sul, Juliana A., additional, Jeandel, Catherine, additional, Mcneill, J. R., additional, and Summerhayes, Colin P., additional

Published
2022
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29. The Anthropocene is a prospective epoch/series, not a geological event

Author

Head, Martin J., primary, Zalasiewicz, Jan A., additional, Waters, Colin N., additional, Turner, Simon D., additional, Williams, Mark, additional, Barnosky, Anthony D., additional, Steffen, Will, additional, Wagreich, Michael, additional, Haff, Peter K., additional, Syvitski, Jaia, additional, Leinfelder, Reinhold, additional, McCarthy, Francine M.G., additional, Rose, Neil L., additional, Wing, Scott L., additional, An, Zhisheng, additional, Cearreta, Alejandro, additional, Cundy, Andrew B., additional, Fairchild, Ian J., additional, Han, Yongming, additional, Sul, Juliana A. Ivar do, additional, Jeandel, Catherine, additional, McNeill, J.R., additional, and Summerhayes, Colin P., additional

Published
2022
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30. Paleocene wind-dispersed fruits and seeds from Colombia and their implications for early Neotropical rainforests

Author

Herrera Fabiany, Manchester Steven R., Carvalho Mónica R., Jaramillo Carlos, and Wing Scott L.

Subjects
Fossils, Malvaceae, Ulmaceae, Neotropics, Paleocene, wind dispersal syndromes, Paleontology, QE701-760, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Extant Neotropical rainforests are well known for their remarkable diversity of fruit and seed types. Biotic agents disperse most of these disseminules, whereas wind dispersal is less common. Although wind-dispersed fruits and seeds are greatly overshadowed in closed rainforests, many important families in the Neotropics (e.g., Bignoniaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Orchidaceae, Sapindaceae) show numerous morphological adaptations for anemochory (i.e. wings, accessory hairs). Most of these living groups have high to moderate levels of plant diversity in the upper levels of the canopy. Little is known about the fossil record of wind-dispersed fruits and seeds in the Neotropics. Six new species of disseminules with varied adaptations for wind dispersal are documented here. These fossils, representing extinct genera of Ulmaceae, Malvaceae, and some uncertain families, indicate that wind-dispersed fruit and seed syndromes were already common in the Neotropics by the Paleocene, coinciding with the early development of multistratal rainforests. Although the major families known to include most of the wind-dispersed disseminules in extant rainforests are still missing from the Paleogene fossil record of South and Central America, the new fossils imply that anemochory was a relatively important product and/or mechanism of plant evolution and diversification in early Neotropical rainforests.

Published
2014
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35. Swift weathering response on floodplains during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Author

Ramos, Evan J., Breecker, Daniel O., Barnes, Jaime D., Fangliang Li, Gingerich, Philip D., Loewy, Staci L., Satkoski, Aaron M., Baczynski, Allison A., Wing, Scott L., Miller, Nathaniel R., and Lassiter, John C.

Abstract

Contained within are data tables, model results, and MATLAB codes that use these tables/results to generate figures that are found in Ramos et al., 2022Geophysical Research Letters.

Published
2022
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36. The PhanSST global database of Phanerozoic sea surface temperature proxy data

Author

Stratigraphy and paleontology, Stratigraphy & paleontology, Judd, Emily J., Tierney, Jessica E., Huber, Brian T., Wing, Scott L., Lunt, Daniel J., Ford, Heather L., Inglis, Gordon N., McClymont, Erin L., O’Brien, Charlotte L., Rattanasriampaipong, Ronnakrit, Si, Weimin, Staitis, Matthew L., Thirumalai, Kaustubh, Anagnostou, Eleni, Cramwinckel, Margot J., Dawson, Robin R., Evans, David, Gray, William R., Grossman, Ethan L., Henehan, Michael J., Hupp, Brittany N., MacLeod, Kenneth G., O’Connor, Lauren K., Sánchez Montes, Maria Luisa, Song, Haijun, Zhang, Yi Ge, Stratigraphy and paleontology, Stratigraphy & paleontology, Judd, Emily J., Tierney, Jessica E., Huber, Brian T., Wing, Scott L., Lunt, Daniel J., Ford, Heather L., Inglis, Gordon N., McClymont, Erin L., O’Brien, Charlotte L., Rattanasriampaipong, Ronnakrit, Si, Weimin, Staitis, Matthew L., Thirumalai, Kaustubh, Anagnostou, Eleni, Cramwinckel, Margot J., Dawson, Robin R., Evans, David, Gray, William R., Grossman, Ethan L., Henehan, Michael J., Hupp, Brittany N., MacLeod, Kenneth G., O’Connor, Lauren K., Sánchez Montes, Maria Luisa, Song, Haijun, and Zhang, Yi Ge

Published
2022

37. Epochs, events and episodes: Marking the geological impact of humans

Author

Geología, Geologia, Waters, Colin N., Williams, Mark, Zalasiewicz, Jan, Turner, Simon D., Barnosky, Anthony D., Head, Martin J., Wing, Scott L., Wagreich, Michael, Steffen, Will, Summerhayes, Colin P., Cundy, Andrew B., Zinke, Jens, Fialkiewicz-Koziel, Barbara, Leinfelder, Reinhold, Haff, Peter K., McNeill, J. R., Rose, Neil L., Hajdas, Irka, McCarthy, Francine M. G., Cearreta Bilbao, Alejandro, Galuszka, Agnieszka, Syvitski, Jaia, Han, Yongming, An, Zhisheng, Fairchild, Ian J., Ivar do Sul, Juliana A., Jeandel, Catherine, Geología, Geologia, Waters, Colin N., Williams, Mark, Zalasiewicz, Jan, Turner, Simon D., Barnosky, Anthony D., Head, Martin J., Wing, Scott L., Wagreich, Michael, Steffen, Will, Summerhayes, Colin P., Cundy, Andrew B., Zinke, Jens, Fialkiewicz-Koziel, Barbara, Leinfelder, Reinhold, Haff, Peter K., McNeill, J. R., Rose, Neil L., Hajdas, Irka, McCarthy, Francine M. G., Cearreta Bilbao, Alejandro, Galuszka, Agnieszka, Syvitski, Jaia, Han, Yongming, An, Zhisheng, Fairchild, Ian J., Ivar do Sul, Juliana A., and Jeandel, Catherine

Abstract

Event stratigraphy is used to help characterise the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphic concept, based on analogous deep-time events, for which we provide a novel categorization. Events in stratigraphy are distinct from extensive, time-transgressive ‘episodes’ – such as the global, highly diachronous record of anthropogenic change, termed here an Anthropogenic Modification Episode (AME). Nested within the AME are many geologically correlatable events, the most notable being those of the Great Acceleration Event Array (GAEA). This isochronous array of anthropogenic signals represents brief, unique events evident in geological deposits, e.g.: onset of the radionuclide ‘bomb-spike’; appearance of novel organic chemicals and fuel ash particles; marked changes in patterns of sedimentary deposition, heavy metal contents and carbon/nitrogen isotopic ratios; and ecosystem changes leaving a global fossil record; all around the mid-20th century. The GAEA reflects a fundamental transition of the Earth System to a new state in which many parameters now lie beyond the range of Holocene variability. Globally near-instantaneous events can provide robust primary guides for chronostratigraphic boundaries. Given the intensity, magnitude, planetary significance and global isochroneity of the GAEA, it provides a suitable level for recognition of the base of the Anthropocene as a series/epoch.

Published
2022

38. Biostratigraphically significant palynofloras from the Paleocene–Eocene boundary of the USA.

Author

Korasidis, Vera A., Wing, Scott L., Harrington, Guy J., Demchuk, Thomas, Gravendyck, Julia, Jardine, Phillip E., and Willard, Debra

Subjects
*PALEOGENE, *CARBON isotopes, *SCANNING electron microscopy, *MICROSCOPY, *EOCENE Epoch, *PALEOCENE Epoch
Abstract

Pollen and spores were recovered from the Paleocene Fort Union Formation and Paleocene–Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin (BHB), northwestern Wyoming, USA. In many local stratigraphic sections in the BHB, the base of the Eocene has been identified by the characteristic negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that marks the beginning of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The palynotaxa from outcrop samples were examined using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Seven new species are formally described (Tricolpites vegrandis, Rousea spatium, Striatricolporites astutus, Striatopollis calidarius, Friedrichipollis geminus, Retistephanocolporites modicrassus and Retistephanocolporites pergrandis). The temporal and geographic distributions of many of these palynotaxa suggest that hotter and more seasonally dry climates facilitated their northward range shifts during the PETM from the tropics or subtropics of the USA. For the temperate palynotaxa, the hotter and seasonally dry conditions resulted in local extirpation. A re-evaluation of the palynostratigraphic schemes established for the Paleocene–Eocene boundary confirms that the first appearance of Platycarya platycaryoides denotes the Paleocene–Eocene boundary in the Rocky Mountains region. A new Striatopollis calidarius Subzone, associated with early Wasatchian (Wa) Wa-0 and Wa-R faunas, is also recognized for CIE body localities in the BHB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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46. Sensitivity of leaf size and shape to climate: global patterns and paleoclimatic applications

Author

Peppe, Daniel J., Royer, Dana L., Cariglino, Bárbara, Oliver, Sofia Y., Newman, Sharon, Leight, Elias, Enikolopov, Grisha, Fernandez-Burgos, Margo, Herrera, Fabiany, Adams, Jonathan M., Correa, Edwin, Currano, Ellen D., Erickson, J. Mark, Hinojosa, Luis Felipe, Hoganson, John W., Iglesias, Ari, Jaramillo, Carlos A., Johnson, Kirk R., Jordan, Gregory J., Kraft, Nathan J. B., Lovelock, Elizabeth C., Lusk, Christopher H., Niinemets, Ülo, Peñuelas, Josep, Rapson, Gillian, Wing, Scott L., and Wright, Ian J.

Published
2011

50. Critical Issues of Scale in Paleoecology

Author

Bennington, J. Bret, Dimichele, William A., Badgley, Catherine, Bambach, Richard K., Barrett, Paul M., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Bobe, Rene, Burnham, Robyn J., Daeschler, Edward B., Van Dam, Jan, Eronen, Jussi T., Erwin, Douglas H., Finnegan, Seth, Holland, Steven M., Hunt, Gene, Jablonski, David, Jackson, Stephen T., Jacobs, Bonnie F., Kidwell, Susan M., Koch, Paul L., Kowalewski, Michal J., Labandeira, Conrad C., Looy, Cindy V., Lyons, S. Kathleen, Novack-Gottshall, Philip M., Potts, Richard, Roopnarine, Peter D., Stromberg, Caroline A. E., Sues, Hans-Dieter, Wagner, Peter J., Wilf, Peter, and Wing, Scott L.

Published
2009
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