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1. Integrating viruses into soil food web biogeochemistry

Author

Carreira, Cátia, Lønborg, Christian, Acharya, Basistha, Aryal, Laxman, Buivydaite, Zivile, Borim Corrêa, Felipe, Chen, Tingting, Lorenzen Elberg, Christine, Emerson, Joanne B., Hillary, Luke, Khadka, Ram B., Langlois, Valérie, Mason-Jones, Kyle, Netherway, Tarquin, Sutela, Suvi, Trubl, Gareth, wa Kang’eri, Arno, Wang, Ruiqi, White, III, Richard Allen, Winding, Anne, Zhao, Tianci, and Sapkota, Rumakanta

Published
2024
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2. Meeting report: The first soil viral workshop 2022

Author

Buivydaitė, Živilė, Aryal, Laxman, Corrêa, Felipe Borim, Chen, Tingting, Langlois, Valérie, Elberg, Christine Lorenzen, Netherway, Tarquin, Wang, Ruiqi, Zhao, Tianci, Acharya, Basistha, Emerson, Joanne B, Hillary, Luke, Khadka, Ram B, Mason-Jones, Kyle, Sapkota, Rumakanta, Sutela, Suvi, Trubl, Gareth, White, Richard Allen, Winding, Anne, and Carreira, Cátia

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Humans, Viruses, Ecology, Food Chain, Genome, Viral, Soil, Virus -host interactions, Biogeochemistry, Soil food web, Virus–host interactions, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Virology, Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Soil viral ecology is a growing research field; however, the state of knowledge still lags behind that of aquatic systems. Therefore, to facilitate progress, the first Soil Viral Workshop was held to encourage international scientific discussion and collaboration, suggest guidelines for future research, and establish soil viral research as a concrete research area. The workshop took place at Søminestationen, Denmark, between 15 and 17th of June 2022. The meeting was primarily held in person, but the sessions were also streamed online. The workshop was attended by 23 researchers from ten different countries and from a wide range of subfields and career stages. Eleven talks were presented, followed by discussions revolving around three major topics: viral genomics, virus-host interactions, and viruses in the soil food web. The main take-home messages and suggestions from the discussions are summarized in this report.

Published
2023

5. Omfanget af jordprøvetagning i forslaget til direktiv for jordbundsovervågning.:Rådgivningsnotat fra DCA – Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug.

Author

Greve, Mogens H., Gomes, Lucas Carvalho, Arthur, Emmanuel, Stupak, Inge, Winding, Anne, Bruus, Marianne, Damgaard, Christian Frølund, Gundersen, Per, Vesterdal, Lars, Nørgaard, Trine, Møller, Anders Bjørn, Munkholm, Lars, Johansen, Anders, Greve, Mogens H., Gomes, Lucas Carvalho, Arthur, Emmanuel, Stupak, Inge, Winding, Anne, Bruus, Marianne, Damgaard, Christian Frølund, Gundersen, Per, Vesterdal, Lars, Nørgaard, Trine, Møller, Anders Bjørn, Munkholm, Lars, and Johansen, Anders

Published
2024

6. Temporal dynamics of volatile fatty acids profile, methane production, and prokaryotic community in an in vitro rumen fermentation system fed with maize silage

Author

Dhakal, Rajan, Alves Neves, Andre Luis, Sapkota, Rumakanta, Khanal, Prabhat, Ellegaard-Jensen, Lea, Winding, Anne, Hansen, Hanne Helene, Dhakal, Rajan, Alves Neves, Andre Luis, Sapkota, Rumakanta, Khanal, Prabhat, Ellegaard-Jensen, Lea, Winding, Anne, and Hansen, Hanne Helene

Abstract

Anaerobic in vitro fermentation is widely used to simulate rumen kinetics and study the microbiome and metabolite profiling in a controlled lab environment. However, a better understanding of the interplay between the temporal dynamics of fermentation kinetics, metabolic profiles, and microbial composition in in vitro rumen fermentation batch systems is required. To fill that knowledge gap, we conducted three in vitro rumen fermentations with maize silage as the substrate, monitoring total gas production (TGP), dry matter degradability (dDM), and methane (CH4) concentration at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h in each fermentation. At each time point, we collected rumen fluid samples for microbiome analysis and volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis. Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes (V4 region) was used to profile the prokaryotic community structure in the rumen during the fermentation process. As the fermentation time increased, dDM, TGP, VFA concentrations, CH4 concentration, and yield (mL CH4 per g DM at standard temperature and pressure (STP)) significantly increased. For the dependent variables, CH4 concentration and yield, as well as the independent variables TGP and dDM, polynomial equations were fitted. These equations explained over 85% of the data variability (R2 > 0.85) and suggest that TGP and dDM can be used as predictors to estimate CH4 production in rumen fermentation systems. Microbiome analysis revealed a dominance of Bacteroidota, Cyanobacteria, Desulfobacterota, Euryarchaeota, Fibrobacterota, Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetota, and Verrucomicrobiota. Significant temporal variations in Bacteroidota, Campylobacterota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetota were detected. Estimates of alpha diversity based on species richness and the Shannon index showed no variation between fermentation time points. This study demonstrated that the in vitro fermentation characteristics of a given feed type (e.g., maize silage) can be predict

Published
2024

7. Transmission of mycoviruses: new possibilities.

Author

Buivydaitė, Živilė, Winding, Anne, and Sapkota, Rumakanta

Subjects
FUNGAL viruses, VIRAL ecology, PLANT-fungus relationships
Abstract

Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. In recent years, an increasing number of mycoviruses have been reported in a wide array of fungi. With the growing interest of scientists and society in reducing the use of agrochemicals, the debate about mycoviruses as an effective next-generation biocontrol has regained momentum. Mycoviruses can have profound effects on the host phenotype, although most viruses have neutral or no effect. We speculate that understanding multiple transmission modes of mycoviruses is central to unraveling the viral ecology and their function in regulating fungal populations. Unlike plant virus transmission via vegetative plant parts, seeds, pollen, or vectors, a widely held view is that mycoviruses are transmitted via vertical routes and only under special circumstances horizontally via hyphal contact depending on the vegetative compatibility groups (i.e., the ability of different fungal strains to undergo hyphal fusion). However, this view has been challenged over the past decades, as new possible transmission routes of mycoviruses are beginning to unravel. In this perspective, we discuss emerging studies with evidence suggesting that such novel routes of mycovirus transmission exist and are pertinent to understanding the full picture of mycovirus ecology and evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Edaphobase 2.0: Advanced International Data Warehouse for Collating and Using Soil Biodiversity Datasets

Author

Russell, David, primary, Naudts, Evi, additional, Soudzilovskaia, Nadia, additional, Briones, Maria J.I., additional, Çakir, Meriç, additional, Conti, Erminia, additional, Cortet, Jérôme, additional, Fiera, Cristina, additional, Davorka, Hackenberger Kutzovic, additional, Hedde, Mickaël, additional, Hohberg, Karin, additional, Indjic, Drago, additional, Krogh, Paul Henning, additional, Lehmitz, Ricarda, additional, Lesch, Stephan, additional, Marjanovic, Zaklina, additional, Mulder, Christian, additional, Mumladze, Levan, additional, Murvanidze, Maka, additional, Rick, Sebastian, additional, Suhadolc, Marjetka, additional, Schlaghamerský, Jirí, additional, SCHMIDT, Olaf, additional, Tsiafouli, Maria A., additional, Winding, Anne, additional, Zaitsev, Andrey, additional, and Potapov, Anton, additional

Published
2024
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13. The potential ofPseudomonas fluorescensSBW25 to produce viscosin enhances wheat root colonization and shapes root-associated microbial communities in a plant genotype dependent manner in soil systems

Author

Guan, Ying, primary, Bak, Frederik, additional, Hennessy, Rosanna Catherine, additional, Herms, Courtney Horn, additional, Elberg, Christine Lorenzen, additional, Dresbøll, Dorte Bodin, additional, Winding, Anne, additional, Sapkota, Rumakanta, additional, and Nicolaisen, Mette Haubjerg, additional

Published
2023
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14. Meeting report: The first soil viral workshop 2022

Author

Buivydaitė, Živilė, primary, Aryal, Laxman, additional, Corrêa, Felipe Borim, additional, Chen, Tingting, additional, Langlois, Valérie, additional, Elberg, Christine Lorenzen, additional, Netherway, Tarquin, additional, Wang, Ruiqi, additional, Zhao, Tianci, additional, Acharya, Basistha, additional, Emerson, Joanne B., additional, Hillary, Luke, additional, Khadka, Ram B., additional, Mason-Jones, Kyle, additional, Sapkota, Rumakanta, additional, Sutela, Suvi, additional, Trubl, Gareth, additional, White, Richard Allen, additional, Winding, Anne, additional, and Carreira, Cátia, additional

Published
2023
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17. Fine partikler af biokul kan øge afgrødernes vandforsyning

Author

Petersen, Carsten, Bruun, Esben Wilson, Müller-Stöver, Dorette Sophie, Abrahamsen, Per, Ravenni, Giulia, Winding, Anne, Nielsen, Janne Aalborg, Petersen, Carsten, Bruun, Esben Wilson, Müller-Stöver, Dorette Sophie, Abrahamsen, Per, Ravenni, Giulia, Winding, Anne, and Nielsen, Janne Aalborg

Abstract

Laboratorietest i projektet BioAdapt har vist, at iblanding af fine biokulpartikler i grovsandet underjord kan forbedre afgrødernes vandforsyning markant. Det åbner for spændende perspektiver i fremtiden for både CO2-lagring og dyrkningssikkerhed.

Published
2023

18. Første markforsøg med biokul er i fuld gang

Author

Petersen, Carsten, Bruun, Esben Wilson, Müller-Stöver, Dorette Sophie, Abrahamsen, Per, Ravenni, Giulia, Winding, Anne, Nielsen, Janne Aalborg, Petersen, Carsten, Bruun, Esben Wilson, Müller-Stöver, Dorette Sophie, Abrahamsen, Per, Ravenni, Giulia, Winding, Anne, and Nielsen, Janne Aalborg

Abstract

I samarbejde med Sagro, er Seges Innovation og Københavns Universitet på en mark i Sydjylland i fuld gang med at undersøge, hvordan fine biokulpartikler kan hjælpe sandjorden med at holde på vand.

Published
2023

19. Virkemidler til reduktion af klimagasser i landbruget

Author

Andersen, Mathias Neumann, Adamsen, Anders Peter S., Hansen, Elly Møller, Thomsen, Ingrid Kaag, Hutchings, Nick, Elsgaard, Lars, Jørgensen, Uffe, Munkholm, Lars Juhl, Børgesen, Christen Duus, Sørensen, Peter, Petersen, Søren O, Lærke, Poul Erik, Olesen, Jørgen E, Børsting, Christian Friis, Lund, Peter, Kjeldsen, Maria Holst, Maigaard, Morten, Villumsen, Trine Michelle, Dalby, Frederik Rask, Kai, Peter, Nørremark, Michael, Blicher-Mathiesen, Gitte, Audet, Joachim, Bruus, Marianne, Krogh, Paul Henning, Kronvang, Brian, Winding, Anne, and Kristensen, Hanne Lakkenborg

Subjects
T0-2023
Published
2023

23. Identification, dispersal, and possible mitigation responses for non-indigenous species in Danish Wadden Sea area

Author

Stæhr, Peter A., Andersen, Nikolaj Reducha, Andersen, Karolina R., Buur, Helle, Jakobsen, Hans, Maar, Marie, Larsen, Janus, Sapkota, Rumakanta, Schourup-Kristensen, Vibe, Zimmer, Kathrina, and Winding, Anne

Subjects
Detection, Monitoring, non-indigenous species (NIS), Mitigation measures, Wadden Sea, Denmark, Review, Modelling
Abstract

Through monitoring using molecular and conventional techniques novel data on the distribution and number of non-indigenous species (NIS) are provided for the Danish Wadden Sea area. Review of existing data sources, including the national monitoring program for marine species, enabled a description of changes in NIS occurrences over time, and updated information on the total number of NIS in the region, for which we applied an expert-based judgement to identify high impact NIS. Combining a literature review on introduction pathways for the observed NIS with a model tracer-based assessment of NIS dispersal, helped identify the importance of different introduction pathways. This information was finally used to identify the possible and suitable mitigation responses for NIS in the Danish Wadden Sea.

Published
2023

24. Knowledge synthesis on biochar in Danish agriculture

Author

Adamsen, Anders Peter S., Møller, Henrik Bjarne, Winding, Anne, Jørgensen, Uffe, Mortensen, Esben Øster, Arthur, Emmanuel, Abalos, Diego, Andersen, Mathias Neumann, Thers, Henrik, Sørensen, Peter, and Elsgaard, Lars

Subjects
T0-2022
Published
2022

25. Knowledge synthesis on biochar in Danish agriculture:- Biochar production, use and effect in soil agroecosystems (part 1) and Economic assessment of biochar production and use (part 2)

Author

Elsgaard, Lars, Adamsen, Anders Peter S., Møller, Henrik Bjarne, Winding, Anne, Jørgensen, Uffe, Mortensen, Esben Øster, Arthur, Emmanuel, Abalos, Diego, Andersen, Mathias Neumann, Thers, Henrik, Sørensen, Peter, Dilnessa, Addisu Anteneh, and Elofsson, Katarina

Subjects
T0-2022
Abstract

During the last years the application of biochar to arable land has been suggested as a method to improve soil fertility and plant growth, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and sequester carbon for centuries. The rapid increase in the interest in biochar means that empirical documentation and mechanistic understanding need to be assessed continuously. In the present report, background and current knowledge have been synthesized in relation to the use of biochar in agricultural soils primarily under Danish conditions and based on major streams of available feedstock. The report also features an economical assessment and points to areas with knowledge gaps where better documentation and research is needed in relation to the pyrogenic carbon capture and storage as well as the persistent effects of biochar on soil ecosystem services

Published
2022

27. Does micro-sized pyrogenic carbon made in lab affect earthworm mortality in restrained water content?

Author

Sun, Daquan, Ardestani, Masoud M., Pohorely, Michael, Mosko, Jaroslav, Winding, Anne, Bonkowski, Michael, Zhao, Ying, Frouz, Jan, Sun, Daquan, Ardestani, Masoud M., Pohorely, Michael, Mosko, Jaroslav, Winding, Anne, Bonkowski, Michael, Zhao, Ying, and Frouz, Jan

Abstract

Micro-sized pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is expected to interact more efficiently with soil biota such as earthworms than coarse pyrogenic carbon. Little is known about whether the micro-sized PyC poses a threat to earthworms. We investigated the effects of hydrophilic micro-sized PyC on earthworm mortality in two contrasting soil substrates from young and old reclaimed soils of a successional chronosequence. These two soil substrates had different hydraulic properties, total organic carbon, pH, and nutrient status. Lower earthworm survival rates were observed in both soil substrates receiving dry micro-sized soil particles and the micro-sized PyC. Specifically, the addition of micro-sized PyC resulted in the lowest survival rate compared to the addition of micro sized soil particles and the control from day 8 to 11. The decreased earthworm survival rate due to micro sized PyC was more pronounced in the old soil substrate than in the young substrate. Fully moistened soil substrates containing micro-sized PyC or dry micro-sized soil substrate particles did not result in decreased earthworm survival. Micro-sized PyC turned from hydrophilic to hydrophobic when mixed with rhamnolipids, possibly hindering the uptake of dissolved oxygen by earthworm skins. Our results thus provide a new explanation for the negative effects of micro-sized PyC on earthworms and demonstrate the importance of assessing the hydraulic properties of both the micro-sized PyC and soil prior to PyC's application to soils.

Published
2022

34. Biokul som jordforbedringsmiddel på grovsand

Author

Petersen, Carsten Tilbæk, Müller-Stöver, Dorette Sophie, Bruun, Esben Wilson, Diamantopoulos, Efstathios, Henriksen, Ulrik B., Sárossy, Zsuzsa, Ravenni, Giulia, Winding, Anne, Sapkota, Rumakanta, Vestergaard, Annette V., Petersen, Carsten Tilbæk, Müller-Stöver, Dorette Sophie, Bruun, Esben Wilson, Diamantopoulos, Efstathios, Henriksen, Ulrik B., Sárossy, Zsuzsa, Ravenni, Giulia, Winding, Anne, Sapkota, Rumakanta, and Vestergaard, Annette V.

Abstract

Bedre udbyttepotentiale, jordstruktur og langtidslagring af CO2 på JB1-jorde er ting som biokul kan hjælpe med. Nu skal nyt forskningsprojekt være med til at undersøge potentialet

Published
2021

38. Contributions of soil biodiversity to ecosystem functions and services

Author

Winding, Anne, Bach, Elizabeth M, and Mele, Pauline

Abstract

There is increasing attention to the importance of biodiversity for food security and nutrition, especially above-ground biodiversity such as plants and animals. However, less attention is being paid to the biodiversity beneath our feet, soil biodiversity, which drives many processes that produce food or purify soil and water. This report is the result of an inclusive process involving more than 300 scientists from around the world under the auspices of the FAO’s Global Soil Partnership and its Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative, and the European Commission. It presents concisely the state of knowledge on soil biodiversity, the threats to it, and the solutions that soil biodiversity can provide to problems in different fields. It also represents a valuable contribution to raising awareness of the importance of soil biodiversity and highlighting its role in finding solutions to today's global threats.

Published
2020

39. Threats to soil biodiversity - global and regional trends

Author

Brown, George, Cooper, Miguel, Kobayashi, Mónica, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Domínguez, Anahí, Dias Turetta, Ana Paula, Franco, André, Zaitsev, Andrey, Winding, Anne, Foereid, Bente, Singh, Brajesh, Guerra, Carlos, Rojas, Claudia, Spurgeon, David, Aksoy, Ece, Moreira, Fátima Maria, Bautista, Francisco, Xu, Jianming, Rousk, Johannes, Bedano, José Camilo, Bagyaraj, Joseph D., Saxena, Krishna, da Silva, Laura Fernanda Simões, Tedersoo, Leho, Byrne, Loren, Callaham, Mac A., Choudhary, Madhu, Aller, M. Fernanda, Delgado Baquerizo, Manuel, García Orenes, Maria Fuensanta, Tsiafouli, Maria, de Graaf, Marie, Hart, Miranda, Thuita, Moses, Karanja, Nancy, Fromin, Nathalie, Eisenhauer, Nico, Kaneko, Nobuhiro, Mele, Pauline, Pastor, Pilar Andres, Ochoa-Hueso, Raul, Kuperman, Roman, Ichami, Stephen, Fonte, Steven J., Santillan, Vinisa Saynes, and Tapia Torres, Yunuen

Subjects
SOIL, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], THREATS TO SOIL BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https]
Abstract

Using the information provided on the main threats in the ten ecoregions present in the six world regions (Table of threats for Sub-Saharan Africa, South West Pacific, Latin America and Caribbean, North Africa and Near East, North America and Europe; FAOand ITPS, 2015), a summary table of the main threats common to these ecoregions was produced. This exercise showed that the most widespread threat to soil biodiversity in the world was the loss of SOM and SOC, and that this could be associated with other threats such as deforestation and agricultural intensification (both linked withland use change) and with climate change (particularly in tundra). This clearly shows the importance of sustainable management and conservation practices, to maintain this resource in soils, which represents one of the bases for the soils food webs. Deforestation and agricultural intensification were also major threats worldwide, being important intropical and temperate broad leaf and mixed forests and temperate and montane grassland sand boreal forests/taiga, although the level of available information on the topic was highly variable, depending on the particular world regions where these ecoregions occur. The ecoregions with the highest number of threats were the deserts and dry shrublands, the tropical and subtropical grasslands, and the temperate broad leaf and mixed forests. Invasive species also represented an important threat, particularly in Mediterranean and temperate forests and tundra. Fil: Brown, George. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil; Brasil Fil: Cooper, Miguel. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz; Brasil Fil: Kobayashi, Mónica. Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations; Italia Fil: Orgiazzi, Alberto. No especifíca; Fil: Domínguez, Anahí. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina Fil: Dias Turetta, Ana Paula. No especifíca; Fil: Franco, André. No especifíca; Fil: Zaitsev, Andrey. No especifíca; Fil: Winding, Anne. No especifíca; Fil: Foereid, Bente. No especifíca; Fil: Singh, Brajesh. No especifíca; Fil: Guerra, Carlos. No especifíca; Fil: Rojas, Claudia. No especifíca; Fil: Spurgeon, David. No especifíca; Fil: Aksoy, Ece. No especifíca; Fil: Moreira, Fátima Maria. No especifíca; Fil: Bautista, Francisco. No especifíca; Fil: Xu, Jianming. No especifíca; Fil: Rousk, Johannes. No especifíca; Fil: Bedano, José Camilo. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente.; Argentina Fil: Bagyaraj, Joseph D.. No especifíca; Fil: Saxena, Krishna. No especifíca; Fil: da Silva, Laura Fernanda Simões. No especifíca; Fil: Tedersoo, Leho. No especifíca; Fil: Byrne, Loren. No especifíca; Fil: Callaham, Mac A.. No especifíca; Fil: Choudhary, Madhu. No especifíca; Fil: Aller, M. Fernanda. No especifíca; Fil: Delgado Baquerizo, Manuel. No especifíca; Fil: García Orenes, Maria Fuensanta. No especifíca; Fil: Tsiafouli, Maria. No especifíca; Fil: de Graaf, Marie. No especifíca; Fil: Hart, Miranda. No especifíca; Fil: Thuita, Moses. No especifíca; Fil: Karanja, Nancy. No especifíca; Fil: Fromin, Nathalie. No especifíca; Fil: Eisenhauer, Nico. No especifíca; Fil: Kaneko, Nobuhiro. No especifíca; Fil: Mele, Pauline. No especifíca; Fil: Pastor, Pilar Andres. No especifíca; Fil: Ochoa-Hueso, Raul. No especifíca; Fil: Kuperman, Roman. No especifíca; Fil: Ichami, Stephen. No especifíca; Fil: Fonte, Steven J.. No especifíca; Fil: Santillan, Vinisa Saynes. No especifíca; Fil: Tapia Torres, Yunuen. No especifíca

Published
2020

43. Succession of indigenous Pseudomonas spp. and actinomyces on barley roots affected by the antagonistic strain Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54 and the fungicide imazalil

Author

Thirup, Laila, Johnsen, Kaare, and Winding, Anne

Subjects
Pests -- Biological control, Fungi, Phytopathogenic -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

PCR microbiological assays can be used to study the effect of biological control agents on normal microbial populations. This was the conclusion of researchers who compared PCR to culture methods for determining the effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54 and the fungicide imazalil on microbial populations on barley roots.

Published
2001

46. Soil protistology rebooted: 30 fundamental questions to start with

Author

Geisen, Stefan, Mitchell, Edward A.D., Wilkinson, David M., Adl, Sina, Bonkowski, Michael, Brown, Matthew W, Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria, Heger, Thierry J., Jassey, Vincent E.J., Krashevska, Valentyna, Lahr, Daniel J.G., Marcisz, Katarzyna, Mulot, Matthieu, Payne, Richard, Singer, David, Anderson, O. Roger, Charman, Dan J., Ekelund, Flemming, Griffiths, Bryan S., Rønn, Regin, Smirnov, Alexey, Bass, David, Belbahri, Lassaâd, Berney, Cédric, Blandenier, Quentin, Chatzinotas, Antonis, Clarholm, Marianne, Dunthorn, Micah, Feest, Alan, Fernández, Leonardo D., Foissner, Wilhelm, Fournier, Bertrand, Gentekaki, Eleni, Hájek, Michal, Helder, Johannes, Jousset, Alexandre, Koller, Robert, Kumar, Santosh, La Terza, Antonietta, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Mazei, Yuri, Santos, Susana S., Seppey, Christophe V.W., Spiegel, Frederick W., Walochnik, Julia, Winding, Anne, Lara, Enrique, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Schlumberger-Doll Research, Schlumberger, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institut of Zoology, University of Cologne, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (AMUP), Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College (SCUR), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Laboratory of Soil Biology, Evolution des Protistes et Ecosystèmes Pélagiques (EPEP), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kaiserslautern [Kaiserslautern], Laboratoire de biodiversité du sol [Neuchâtel], Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), French Institute of Pondichery, Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Center for Pathophysiology, NERI, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Biological Sciences [Mississippi], University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964 USA, Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University (SPbU), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil biology, Ecology (disciplines), Biodiversity, Soil Science, Functional diversity, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:570, Microbial interactions, Soil protists, Ecosystem, Protozoa, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Functional ecology, Ecology, Food web, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Protistology, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, international, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Conservation biology, EPS, Laboratory of Nematology, Soil fertility
Abstract

Protists are the most diverse eukaryotes. These microbes are keystone organisms of soil ecosystems and regulate essential processes of soil fertility such as nutrient cycling and plant growth. Despite this, protists have received little scientific attention, especially compared to bacteria, fungi and nematodes in soil studies. Recent methodological advances, particularly in molecular biology techniques, have made the study of soil protists more accessible, and have created a resurgence of interest in soil protistology. This ongoing revolution now enables comprehensive investigations of the structure and functioning of soil protist communities, paving the way to a new era in soil biology. Instead of providing an exhaustive review, we provide a synthesis of research gaps that should be prioritized in future studies of soil protistology to guide this rapidly developing research area. Based on a synthesis of expert opinion we propose 30 key questions covering a broad range of topics including evolution, phylogenetics, functional ecology, macroecology, paleoecology, and methodologies. These questions highlight a diversity of topics that will establish soil protistology as a hub discipline connecting different fundamental and applied fields such as ecology, biogeography, evolution, plant-microbe interactions, agronomy, and conservation biology. We are convinced that soil protistology has the potential to be one of the most exciting frontiers in biology. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2017

47. Soil bacteria and protists show different sensitivity to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at controlled chemical activity

Author

Winding, Anne, Modrzyński, Jakub J, Christensen, Jan H, Brandt, Kristian K, Mayer, Philipp, Winding, Anne, Modrzyński, Jakub J, Christensen, Jan H, Brandt, Kristian K, and Mayer, Philipp

Abstract

This study linked growth inhibition of soil bacteria and protists to the chemical activity (a) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and compared the sensitivities of bacteria and protists. Passive dosing from pre-loaded silicone provided well defined and constant a of PAHs in independent tests. Single-species growth inhibition with two bacterial (Pseuodomonas fluorescens DR54 and Sinorhizobium meliloti) and two protist (Cercomonas longicauda and Acanthamoeba castellanii) strains at maximum a (amax) of nine and four PAHs, respectively, showed no inhibition of PAHs with amax below 0.1 (pyrene and anthracene), while growth inhibition was observed for PAHs with amax above 0.1 (e.g. fluorene, fluoranthene, naphthalene). The bacteria were less sensitive than the protists. Soil bacterial community-level growth inhibition by naphthalene was in good agreement with single-species data, but also indicated the presence of sensitive bacteria that were inhibited by a below 0.05 and increasing pre-exposure time giving higher inhibition. The a of 50% inhibition (Ea50) was 0.434 and 0.329 for 0.5 and 4 h pre-exposure time, respectively. Invertebrates tended to be more sensitive than single-celled organisms tested here. This suggests that PAH exposure leads to differential toxicity in e.g. soil biota, which may affect soil food web structure and cycling of organic matter.

Published
2019

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