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Myiasis is an infestation of maggot, which is frequently associated with poor personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. A 78-year-old female breast cancer patient visited clinic complaining of irritation, itching, and pain within the ulcerous cancer lesion for 3 weeks. Many maggots were found in the lesion. A total of 30 maggots were removed and identified to be 3rd stage of larvae of metallic fly. This is the first case of wound myiasis in advanced breast carcinoma as a complication of untreated or drug-induced ulcer.

In recent years, nosocomial infections due to multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have been increasing, associated with growing trend of resistance to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolone...

The dissemination of CMY-type enzymes, one of the plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases, among Enterobacteriaceae has become an important public health concern. In this study, genetic diversity of CMY beta-lactamase genes was investigated for 50 blaCMY-positive isolates detected from 426 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in Yangon, Myanmar. CMY genes were differentiated into 9 types, with blaCMY-42 being predominant (22 isolates, 44%), followed by blaCMY-2, blaCMY-6, blaCMY-146, and included three novel types (CMY-156, CMY-158, CMY-159). Among E. coli harboring blaCMY, phylogenetic group D-sequence type (ST)405 and A-ST410 were the most common genotypes, and blaCTX-M-15 was detected in 72% (36/50) of isolates. blaCMY-42 was distributed to phylogenetic groups A, B1, and D E. coli with 11 STs, which included 10 isolates harboring carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-4, blaNDM-5, or blaNDM-7). Phylogenetic analysis of all the blaCMY genes reported to date, including the three novel types in the present study, revealed the presence of at least four distinct genetic groups, that is, CMY-1, CMY-2, CMY-70, and CMY-98 group, showing less than 91% nucleotide sequence identities among different groups. CMY-2 group beta-lactamase genes, which contained by far the largest number of CMY types (89.7%) with extensive diversity, were divided into two clusters (I and II). While eight CMY types identified in the present study were classified into CMY-2 group cluster I, novel type CMY-159 was assigned into CMY-98 group with a Citrobacter freundii strain in Thailand.

Watering is the most important cultural practice and most labor intensive task in daily greenhouse operation. Watering systems ease the burden of getting water to plants when they need it. Knowing when and how much to water is two important aspects of watering process. To make the gardener works easily, the automatic plant watering system is created. There have a various type using automatic watering system that are by using sprinkler system, tube, nozzles and other. This system uses Arduino UNO board, which consists of ATmega328 microcontroller. It is programmed in such a way that it will sense the moisture level of the plants and supply the water if required. This type of system is often used for general plant care, as part of caring for small and large gardens. Normally, the plants need to be watered twice daily, morning and evening. So, the microcontroller has to be coded to water the plants in the greenhouse about two times per day. However for most people it becomes challenging to keep them healthy and alive. This system automation is designed to be assistive for the University Park. This system hopes that through this prototype people will enjoy having plants without the challenges related to absent or forgetfulness. Yin Yin Nu | San San Lwin | Win Win Maw "Automatic Plant Watering System using Arduino UNO for University Park" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23714.pdf

Nowadays, Android is the newest mobile device Operating System OS , which is the more popular in mobile device field than any other mobile OS such as i Phone OS, Windows mobile OS and so on. This has been designed to the best first step toward the exciting new open source mobile development. The format of this paper is such that it will take through Android application development. Android applications are developed in Java, especially android studio software and run on the Windows OS. In this paper, the user will be understand about the creation of college information system software such as the java programming coding, Android SDK management and android studio after learning of this application programming coding. This software will be absolutely useful for students and teachers in educational fields because it is included the college information that show in detail. Win Win Maw | Cho Cho Myint | San San Lwin "College Information System using Android" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22774.pdf

Network monitoring system plays a significant role in the network security and management. Network monitoring refers to the observation on the events, happening through the network with the aim of providing a secure and persistent network. However, many small and medium sized organizations and Universities prefer to escape from this fact. The most important reason for University is that they do not have professional network administrators to be able to use the available network monitoring system. This avoidance would cost them a lot of funds or even failure in capital, in case of network failure. The proposed network monitoring will solve this problem because of its ease of use as well as providing all the required functionalities for monitoring a network. So, the advantage of using the proposed system would be able to use by students and teachers who have just basic understanding of using computer applications. According to this fact, this application could be used for small and medium sized organizations and Universities, in case of not having professional network administrators. San San Lwin | Cho Cho Myint | Win Win Maw "Network Monitoring System for University" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22768.pdf

In recent years, nosocomial infections due to multidrug resistant

The increasing trend of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases is a global public health concern. In this study, prevalence and molecular characteri...

The dissemination of CMY-type enzymes, one of the plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases, among Enterobacteriaceae has become an important public health concern. In this study, genetic diversity of CMY beta-lactamase genes was investigated for 50

Cinema Ticket Selling System is developed for Cinema. Database is designed in Microsoft Access. It is designed to manage the record about movies schedule, movies collection, and ticket sales' report. Cinema Ticket Selling System helps in managing the database for storing and retrieving required movies information. In this system basically manages the cinema ticket selling process of a multiplex providing an interface to the user to buy movie tickets in a more easy way. In this system, the admin can use cinema ticket selling system, to update movie description and schedule and then can also calculate ticket sales report. This system is described Cinema Ticket Selling System using C and it can be seen that the advantages of visual studio. It can be written by using C, C , and Java programming language. The testing of this system should prove that the organizations to do their work in a more appropriate form of many aspects of computerized system. San San Lwin | Win Win Maw "Cinema Ticket Selling System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26698.pdf

The present study explored the differences in gastric microbiome between three distinct populations of Southeast Asia. These include the isolated Orang Asli population and modern Malaysians, as well as patients from Myanmar, the least developed country in the region. All 79 subjects recruited in this study had Helicobacter pylori infection. Based on alpha diversity analysis, Orang Asli had the richest and most diverse gastric microbiome, followed by Myanmar and modern Malaysian groups. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant separation of samples between different populations. These observations are likely to be associated with the level of modernization of each population. Our data further suggested increased bacterial species richness and diversity of the gastric microbiome in individuals who were less modernized, particularly in the Orang Asli group, could suppress the growth of H. pylori. In addition, there were significant variations in the gastric microbiome between modern Malaysians with different types of gastric diseases. Notably, Cutibacterium acnes was present at significantly greater abundance level in patients with non-ulcerative dyspepsia than those with peptic-ulcer diagnosis. This suggests that C. acnes may also play a role in gastritis besides H. pylori, which merits further investigation.

Colistin-resistance gene mcr-1 was detected in an Escherichia coli sample among 442 clinical isolates collected in a tertiary-care hospital in Yangon, Myanmar, in 2018. This isolate was classified into phylogroup A–ST23 complex and harboured blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1, associated with multiple mutations in quinolone-resistance–determining regions in gyrA and parC. Keywords: colistin resistance, Escherichia coli, mcr-1, Myanmar, ST23 complex

The increasing trend of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases is a global public health concern. In this study, prevalence and molecular characteristics of E. coli harboring ESBL and carbapenemase genes were investigated for 426 isolates derived from various clinical specimens in a teaching hospital in Yangon, Myanmar, for the 1-year period beginning January 2016. A total of 157 isolates (36.9%) were ESBL producers and harbored CTX-M-1 group genes (146 isolates; bla

Prevalence, drug resistance and genetic characteristics were analysed for a total of 128 clinical isolates of staphylococci obtained from a tertiary hospital in Myanmar. The dominant species were S. aureus (39%) and S. haemolyticus (35%), followed by S. epidermidis (6%) and S. saprophyticus (5%). The majority of S. haemolyticus isolates (71.1%) harboured mecA, showing high resistance rates to ampicillin, cephalosporins, erythromycin and levofloxacin, while methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was only 8% (four isolates) among S. aureus with type IV SCCmec. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected in 20 isolates of S. aureus (40%), among which only one isolate was MRSA belonging to sequence type (ST) 88/agr-III/coa-IIIa, and the other 19 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were classified into six STs (ST88, ST121, ST1153, ST1155, ST1930, ST3206). An ST1153 MSSA isolate with PVL was revealed to belong to a novel coa type, XIIIa. ST121 S. aureus was the most common in the PVL-positive MSSA (47%, 9/19), harbouring genes of bone sialoprotein and variant of elastin binding protein as a distinctive feature. Although PVL-positive MSSA was susceptible to most of the antimicrobial agents examined, ST1930 isolates were resistant to erythromycin and levofloxacin. ST59 PVL-negative MRSA and MSSA had more resistance genes than other MRSA and PVL-positive MSSA, showing resistance to more antimicrobial agents. This study indicated higher prevalence of mecA associated with multiple drug resistance in S. haemolyticus than in S. aureus, and dissemination of PVL genes to multiple clones of MSSA, with ST121 being dominant, among hospital isolates in Myanmar.

Asymptomatic carriers of toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus are potential source of diseases, including food poisoning. Toxigenic potential and genetic traits of colonizing S. aureus were investigated for 563 healthy food handlers in Myanmar. Carriage of S. aureus was found in 110 individuals (19.5%), and a total of 144 S. aureus isolates were recovered from nasal cavities (110 isolates) and hands (34 isolates). Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes (pvl) were detected in 18 isolates (12.5%), among which 11 isolates were classified into coa-VIa, agr type III, and ST1930 (CC96) that had been also detected in pvl-positive clinical isolates in Myanmar. A pvl-positive, ST2250 nasal isolate was identified as S. argenteus, a novel coagulase-positive staphylococcus species. Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) gene was detected in five pvl-negative isolates. All of the 144 isolates harbored at least one of the 21 enterotoxin(-like) gene(s). The most prevalent enterotoxin(-like) gene was selw (98%), followed by selx (97%), sei (28%), sely (28%), sem (26%), sel (24%), and sea and sec (22% each). Considerable genetic diversity with five groups was detected for selw. The present study revealed the relatively high rate of pvl, as well as the wide distribution of enterotoxin(-like) genes among colonizing S. aureus in Myanmar.

The Mogok metamorphic belt, exposed along the N-S trending Shan scarp and Sagaing fault, in the eastern part of Myanmar, has been regarded as Paleozoic to Precambrian for a long time. New observations in the Shan scarp area, close to the Sagaing fault, from Thaton in the south to Mandalay in the north, allowed us to collect samples of high grade metamorphic and intrusive rocks that have been analyzed by 40Ar/39Ar step heating method. The 13 samples we analyzed provide Oligocene to Lower Miocene ages for this metamorphism. Oriented thin sections and field observations suggest that this metamorphism was caused by a NNW-SSE to N-S ductile extension. Therefore, we suggest that this metamorphism is not directly related to the Sagaing fault, but could be instead related to the northward migration of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, characterized by crustal thinning, resulting from the India-Asia oblique collision.

In order to verify the participation of some cytokines in the expression of the suppressor activity of splenic macrophages (M phi s) induced by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection, we studied whether anticytokine antibodies were capable of blocking their suppressor activity against concanavalin A (ConA)-induced mitogenesis of splenocytes (SPCs). When either anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF), anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), or anti-interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) antibody was added to culture medium, suppressor activity was markedly reduced, in the order of anti-TNF, anti-IFN-gamma, and anti-TGF-beta antibodies. By contrast, neither anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) nor anti-IL-10 antibody exerted such a blocking effect. Therefore, TNF, IFN-gamma, and TGF-beta seem to be related to the full display of the suppressor function of MAC-induced M phi s. However, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma but not TGF-beta were substantially lacking in inhibitory action against SPC mitogenesis, when added exogenously. Hence, it is unlikely that TNF-alpha and INF-gamma directly modulated the proliferative response of T cells. On the other hand, both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma potentiated the effector function of the suppressor M phi s. Because their suppressor activity was severely reduced by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and aminoguanidine, nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors, an NO-dependent mechanism is important for the expression of the immunosuppressive function of MAC-induced M phi s. Moreover, because these M phi s seem to produce a substantial amount of TNF-alpha in membrane-bound form, cell-to-cell contact might be needed for efficient expression of their suppressor action on target T cells.

Four medicinal plants, Acorus calamus Linn., Alpinia galanga Willd., Desmodium triquetrum D.C. and Vitis discolour Dalz., were investigated for potential to inhibit cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. The alcohol extract of Desmodium triquetrum was found to be most active. The chloroform and alcohol extracts of Desmodium triquetrum and Acorus calamus, and the petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Alpinia galanga contain flavonoids. These are possibly the active principles responsible for their anti-bacterial activity.

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and the distribution of associated morphotypes among asymptomatic pregnant women in different countries.In 8 institutions participating in the Global Network for Perinatal and Reproductive Health (www.gnprh.org) from July 1999 to September 2001, 1466 women were enrolled. Vaginal smears were Gram stained and scored with Nugent's method at a reference laboratory. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and bacterial morphotype distributions were compared.Overall, 12.3% of women had bacterial vaginosis according to Nugent's criteria. Zimbabwe had the highest prevalence (24.4%) when compared with all other sites, except Myanmar (P.05). Among bacterial vaginosis cases, 98.9% of vaginal smears had more than 30 Gardnerella/Bacteroides morphotypes present per oil immersion field. Individual centers showed significant differences in the number of Mobiluncus and lactobacillus morphotypes (P.01).The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and distribution of bacterial morphotypes in vaginal smears among asymptomatic pregnant women vary significantly in populations from different countries.

Background Lodotra is a modified-release formulation of prednisone taken at 22:00pm, allowing the active drug to be released 4–6 hours later, synchronous with the nocturnal circadian peak of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. Given high relapse rates and adverse events with standard glucocorticoids (GC) in giant cell arteritis (GCA), an exploratory study of efficacy and safety of modified0release prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed GCA was performed. We report here on an interim analysis. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of delayed-release prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed GCA. Methods This 26 week feasibility study was designed using a randomised open protocol and a blinded evaluator, and compared modified-release (MR) prednisone versus standard of care immediate-release (IR) prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed GCA. Sixteen cases with an unequivocal clinical and laboratory picture of new GCA, either meeting ACR criteria or with typical ischaemic features were recruited. All cases underwent temporal artery biopsy (TAB). All cases were treated with initial high dose IR prednisone (40–60mg) daily for 4 weeks and then randomised to 2 open arms of tapering GC with either standard IR prednisone or MR prednisone. The steroid tapering schedules were identical and the dose was reduced only if disease was controlled by both clinical and laboratory parameters at each visit. Patients were assessed every two weeks for outcome measures, including disease control and flares, GC related and other adverse effects, biomarkers, function (HAQ and patient global VAS), quality of life (EQ5D), and sleep and fatigue scores. Bone density scan was performed at baseline and after 26 weeks. Results 16 patients were recruited (11 female; mean age 79.6). 10 patients had positive TAB, 4 were negative and 2 samples were insufficient for analysis. 10 patients completed the study and are included in this interim analysis; 4 withdrew (1 in MR group, 3 in IR) and 2 patients remain active in the study. At 26 weeks, 5/6 patients taking MR prednisone were in persistent control, compared to 3/4 receiving IR prednisone. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of reduction in inflammatory markers, and HAQ, VAS, EQ5D and fatigue scores. EQ5D scores were noted to increase in both groups during the study. Cumulative steroid dosages, weight change and DEXA scores were also not statistically different. Patients on MR prednisone, however, reported significantly poorer sleep scores from week 10 to the end of the study. There were 4 SAEs (2 episodes of sepsis requiring admission and 2 osteoporotic fractures), all in the standard IR prednisone group. Conclusions MR prednisone appears to be a safe and effective treatment for GCA with a similar outcome profile to standard GC. Its use may be limited by adverse effects on sleep. Larger studies on MR prednisone are required. Acknowledgements This study was funded by Napp Pharmaceuticals Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3887