Search

Abstract Background The stress experienced by parents in fulfilling their parental role has consequences for couple dynamics, parent–child interactions, and the mental health of parents. However, studies on the psychometric properties of the PSI-SF, particularly among Latin American parents, are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Methods The participants were Peruvian mothers and fathers with children in early childhood and primary education, with a mean age of 34.4 years (SD = 6.8). The sample was obtained in two phases: 130 participants for the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and 791 participants for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results The study results show a modified three-factor structure of the PSI-SF scale, with adequate fit indices (GFI = .99, AGFI = .99, SRMR = .024, CFI = .98, TLI = .98, RMSEA = .074) and loadings above 0.40. Additionally, the three factors of the scale demonstrated high reliability, with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega values for Parental Distress (α = .94; ω = .95), Parent–Child Dysfunctional Interaction (α = .97; ω = .97), and Difficult Child (α = .94; ω = .94). The scale was also found to be invariant with respect to gender. Conclusion In conclusion, the study results suggest that the modified PSI-SF has adequate psychometric properties and is invariant for assessing parental stress in Peruvian fathers and mothers with children in early childhood and primary education.

Abstract Background Moral injury is prevalent among health care professionals, especially nurses. It can have negative personal consequences for clinicians, and indirectly impact the quality of patient care. Although nurses around the world experienced moral injury during the pandemic, it will continue to be a professional challenge. Thus, this study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of a scale measuring moral injury translated into Spanish. Methods A methodological study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted. After translating the Moral Injury Symptom Scale for Healthcare Professionals (MISS-HP) into Peruvian Spanish (MISS-HP-S) using International Test Commission methods, data were collected using online survey methods from a sample of 720 Peruvian nurses. Analytical methods included exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and invariance by age were examined. The corrected homogeneity index, ordinal alpha, and McDonald’s omega allowed the evaluation of internal reliability. Results Findings from this sample of nurses who were mostly female (92%), from coastal Peru (57%), and averaged 39 (± 11) years of age, provided support for the validity and reliability of the MISS-HP-S. Structural validity was endorsed by findings indicating consistent factorial structure and adequate invariance among different age groups. In this study, three factors were observed: guilt/shame, condemnation, and spiritual strength. Internal consistency values included an ordinal alpha of 0.795 and McDonald’s omega of 0.835. Conclusion These findings differ from those reported from previous studies in other cultural contexts, suggesting the influence of cultural and sample-specific factors in the perception of moral injury among Peruvian nurses. Because this evidence supports the validity of the MISS-HP-S, it can be used in professional practice and in future research to identify and address situations that contribute to nurse moral injury.

(1) Background: In university contexts, the effectiveness of work teams is vital for institutional success and the personal development of an institution’s members. Objective: Our aim is to understand the relationships between emotional intelligence, team leadership, organizational culture, work climate, and creative synergy with team effectiveness. (2) Methods: We used a cross-sectional predictive design study using structural equation modeling (SEM), in which 512 surveys of employees of a private Peruvian university were analyzed. (3) Results: Leadership and emotional intelligence were found to significantly improve team effectiveness. In addition, organizational culture, work climate, and creative synergy act as mediators in these relationships, enhancing team effectiveness. The adjusted model presented adequate incremental (x2=9452.498, gl=3391, p<0.001) and comparative (TLI=0.998, CFI=0.998, RMSEA=0.017 y SRMR=0.033) goodness-of-fit indices. (4) Conclusions: The results showed that the development of emotional competencies and leadership skills is essential to optimize the effectiveness of work teams in universities. This integrated model not only provides a solid theoretical framework for future research, but also offers practical recommendations for improving the management and performance of work teams.

BackgroundAnxiety in learning foreign languages is a global phenomenon that impacts students’ academic performance, with English being a critical language in secondary education. The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) has been widely used to assess this anxiety. However, the need to validate and adapt the scale for specific cultural contexts remains a priority in educational research.ObjectiveTo assess the validity and reliability of a Spanish version of the FLCAS among a sample of Peruvian secondary education students, in order to better understand the structure of language learning anxiety in this context.MethodsA total of 818 students from four public educational institutions in southern Peru participated. An instrumental design was used, which included descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and assessments of convergent, divergent validity, and measurement invariance by gender.ResultsThe EFA recommended a four-factor model that explained 32% of the total variance. Subsequent CFA adjusted this model to 24 items with optimal fit indices (CFI = 0.969; RMSEA = 0.045). The reliability of the factors was acceptable (α > 0.70 for all factors). Convergent and divergent validity was confirmed through significant correlations with related constructs (Fear of Negative Evaluation and Enjoyment of Foreign Language). Gender invariance analysis indicated that the scale is equally applicable to men and women.ConclusionThe Spanish version of the FLCAS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing foreign language classroom anxiety among Peruvian secondary education students. This study contributes to the field of language teaching by providing evidence of the cultural applicability of the FLCAS in the Peruvian context, thus facilitating more effective pedagogical interventions to address language learning anxiety.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had repercussions on teachers’ beliefs about their efficacy in their profession. In light of this, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of perceived stress, job satisfaction, and workload on professional self-efficacy among Peruvian regular basic education teachers.MethodThis was a cross-sectional explanatory study involving 687 regular basic education teachers (57.6% women) aged between 23 and 55 years (M = 38.15, SD = 8.58), from both private and public institutions across the three regions of Peru (coastal, jungle and highland). The instruments used were the Professional Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AU-10), the Perceived Stress Scale related to the pandemic (EEP-10), the Affective Job Satisfaction Scale (BIAJS), and the Workload Scale (ECT).ResultsA SEM analysis was conducted, yielding satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices: χ2 = 87.028, p = 0.000, with 11 df, CFI = 0.993, RMSEA = 0.047, and SRMR = 0.021. This confirmed H1, as there is a negative effect of workload on professional self-efficacy (β = −0.11, p = 0.017). Similarly, H2 was confirmed, as there is a positive effect of job satisfaction on professional self-efficacy (β = 0.13, p = 0.003). However, H3 was rejected, as no significant effect of perceived stress on professional self-efficacy was evident (β = −0.02, p = 0.658).ConclusionWorkload and job satisfaction explain the perceived level of self-efficacy among Peruvian regular basic education teachers. However, there is no evidence to suggest that stress affects their sense of efficacy.

IntroductionIn the modern era, the maternal perception of children’s nutritional status has emerged as a critical area of study, given its potential influence on nutritional interventions and long-term child health. The relationship between this perception and children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) by age is particularly intriguing, as it may reveal discrepancies between perception and reality.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate Peruvian mothers’ perception of their children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to age and to determine how this perception associates with the children’s cardiovascular risk. The study also analyzed sociodemographic factors that might influence this perception.MethodsThe study included 130 mothers of schoolchildren aged 5 to 11 from a school in Lima. Mothers’ perceptions of their children’s weight were assessed using pictograms, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected through a questionnaire. Weight and height measurements were taken to calculate BMI, and waist circumference was measured to classify cardiovascular risk.ResultsA total of 57.4% of the schoolchildren presented with excess malnutrition, and 51.5% of the mothers incorrectly classified the actual BMI/Age of their children (kappa 0.11; p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, it was found that the schoolchild’s age is associated with the mother’s failure to accurately perceive her child’s weight (OR 1.59). Lastly, there was a significant association between maternal perception and cardiovascular risk (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionThere is a significant discrepancy between maternal perception and the actual nutritional status of children, which can increase cardiovascular risk. It is necessary to implement intervention and education strategies targeted at parents to enhance the recognition and management of childhood overweight and obesity.

BackgroundArtificial Intelligence (AI) has permeated various aspects of daily life, including education, specifically within higher education settings. These AI technologies have transformed pedagogy and learning, enabling a more personalized approach. However, ethical and practical concerns have also emerged, including the potential decline in cognitive skills and student motivation due to excessive reliance on AI.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a Scale for Dependence on Artificial Intelligence (DIA).MethodsAn Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to identify the underlying structure of the DIA scale, followed by a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to assess and confirm this structure. In addition, the scale’s invariance based on participants’ gender was evaluated.ResultsA total of 528 university students aged between 18 and 37 years (M = 20.31, SD = 3.8) participated. The EFA revealed a unifactorial structure for the scale, which was subsequently confirmed by the CFA. Invariance analyses showed that the scale is applicable and consistent for both men and women.ConclusionThe DAI scale emerges as a robust and reliable tool for measuring university students’ dependence on AI. Its gender invariance makes it applicable in diverse population studies. In the age of digitalization, it is essential to understand the dynamics between humans and AI to navigate wisely and ensure a beneficial coexistence.

BackgroundIndividual beliefs about one’s ability to carry out tasks and face challenges play a pivotal role in academic and professional formation. In the contemporary technological landscape, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is effecting profound changes across multiple sectors. Adaptation to this technology varies greatly among individuals. The integration of AI in the educational setting has necessitated a tool that measures self-efficacy concerning the adoption and use of this technology.ObjectiveTo adapt and validate a short version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-6) for self-efficacy in the use of Artificial Intelligence (GSE-6AI) in a university student population.MethodsAn instrumental study was conducted with the participation of 469 medical students aged between 18 and 29 (M = 19.71; SD = 2.47). The GSE-6 was adapted to the AI context, following strict translation and cultural adaptation procedures. Its factorial structure was evaluated through confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA). Additionally, the factorial invariance of the scale based on gender was studied.ResultsThe GSE-6AI exhibited a unidimensional structure with excellent fit indices. All item factorial loads surpassed the recommended threshold, and both Cronbach’s Alpha (α) and McDonald’s Omega (ω) achieved a value of 0.91. Regarding factorial invariance by gender, the scale proved to maintain its structure and meaning in both men and women.ConclusionThe adapted GSE-6AI version is a valid and reliable tool for measuring self-efficacy in the use of Artificial Intelligence among university students. Its unidimensional structure and gender-related factorial invariance make it a robust and versatile tool for future research and practical applications in educational and technological contexts.

BackgroundReading self-efficacy is a key factor for students’ academic performance and motivation and given the low reading performance of Peruvian students compared to the average, it is crucial to understand and improve their reading self-efficacy.ObjectiveTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Reading Self-Efficacy Scale in a Peruvian sample.MethodologyUsing a sample of 560 students aged 10 to 16 (M = 13.5, SD = 1.93), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and gender-specific invariance analysis were conducted.ResultsA two-dimensional, second-order model was taken into consideration. Significant differences were discovered in gender invariance, suggesting that the scale is comparable between the genders.ConclusionThe validation of the Reading Self-Efficacy Scale in the Peruvian context provides a useful tool to assess and develop Peruvian students’ reading self-efficacy, with implications for professional practice and educational policy.

BackgroundThe life satisfaction and job performance of nursing professionals are affected by a multitude of factors, including work engagement, self-efficacy, and depression. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model provides a theoretical framework to explore these relationships.ObjectiveOur study aimed to analyze the primary goal of this research, which is to examine the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between depression, professional self-efficacy, job performance, and their impact on life satisfaction in nurses, using the JD-R theory as a guide.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 579 participants aged between 21 to 57 years (M = 39, SD = 9.95). Mediation analysis was used to examine the influence of depression, self-efficacy, and job performance on work engagement, and in turn, its effect on life satisfaction.ResultsFindings indicated that work engagement plays a crucial mediating role between depression, self-efficacy, job performance, and life satisfaction. Interventions to increase work engagement could assist nurses in better managing depression and improving their performance and life satisfaction.ConclusionsOur study highlights the need for workplace policies and strategies that foster work engagement and self-efficacy among nurses while effectively managing job demands to prevent depression. Moreover, these findings underscore the importance of the JD-R theory to understand and improve nurses' job satisfaction and performance, and suggest areas for future research, including exploring other potential factors and applying these findings across different contexts and cultures.

Background: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various aspects of daily life has sparked growing interest in understanding public attitudes toward this technology. Despite advancements in tools to assess these perceptions, there remains a need for culturally adapted instruments, particularly in specific contexts like that of Peruvian nurses. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the AIAS-4 in a sample of Peruvian nurses. Methods: An instrumental design was employed, recruiting 200 Peruvian nurses. The Attitude toward Artificial Intelligence in Spanish (AIAS-S), a cultural and linguistic adaptation of the AIAS-4, involved data analysis using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and invariance tests. Results: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed a unidimensional factor structure with an excellent model fit (χ2 = 0.410, df = 1, p = 0.522, CFI = 1.00, TLI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.00, SRMR = 0.00). The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.94, ω = 0.91). Tests of invariance from configural to strict confirmed that the scale is stable across different demographic subgroups. Conclusions: The AIAS-S proved to be a psychometrically solid tool for assessing attitudes toward AI in the context of Peruvian nurses, providing evidence of validity, reliability, and gender invariance. This study highlights the importance of having culturally adapted instruments to explore attitudes toward emerging technologies in specific groups.

Background: Medical education represents a complex field of study, influenced by various psychological, demographic, and contextual factors. Academic motivation, essential for educational success, has been linked to critical decisions in medical careers and can be modulated by contextual elements such as socioeconomic and geographical environments. The theory of self-determination has provided a solid framework for understanding the multidimensional nature of motivation. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Short Scale of Academic Motivation among Peruvian medical students. Methods: Using an instrumental design, the factorial structure, reliability, and gender invariance of the SAMS-S were assessed. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the scale’s structure based on seven dimensions. Additionally, reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and omega coefficient, and gender invariance was determined through multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The Peruvian version of the SAMS-S showed a good fit in the CFA with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices. However, challenges in discriminant validity among certain dimensions were detected, suggesting the presence of a second-order factor. The proposed second-order model yielded an adequate fit (χ2 = 198.26, df = 70, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.08 [90% CI: 0.07–0.1], SRMR = 0.07), validating the factorial structure of the SAMS-S. The scale’s reliability and its subscales were within acceptable ranges. Furthermore, the gender invariance of the SAMS-S was confirmed at all levels, from configural to strict. Conclusions: The second-order model of the SAMS-S presents as a valid and reliable tool for measuring academic motivation among medical students in Peru. Its robustness and adaptability make it relevant for future research in similar educational contexts and can serve as a basis for interventions aimed at improving academic motivation in this specific group.

IntroductionSocial conflicts have repercussions on the mental health of the economically active population.ObjectiveTo adapt and validate the Financial Stress Scale in the context of social conflicts (ESECPS).MethodAn instrumental study involving 2,242 owners of small and medium enterprises (50.9% women), aged between 18 and 74 years old, selected through a non-probabilistic purposive sampling. The participants were recruited across three regions of Peru during periods of protests and strikes against the incumbent Peruvian government. The instrument for adaptation was the financial stress scale EFEmp-Cov19, created in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact.ResultsAll items proved to be clear, relevant, and representative (V > 0.70). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed the existence of one underlying factor across the 11 items (KMO = 0.962, Bartlett = 5434.3; df = 55; p

BackgroundEmotional Intelligence (EI) has emerged as a pivotal factor in work effectiveness and well-being within the healthcare domain. Specifically, its significance is heightened in the nursing sector, where emotional and social demands are high. Additionally, job satisfaction and conflict management are recognized as vital predictors of patient care service quality. However, there is a dearth of research addressing the mediating role of conflict management in the relationship between EI and job satisfaction within a nursing context.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the mediating role of conflict management in the relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among nurses.MethodsThe STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was followed. A cross-sectional and explanatory design was employed. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires to measure emotional intelligence, conflict management, and job satisfaction. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses.ResultsA total of 208 nurses aged between 18 and 65 years participated (M = 41.18, SD = 8.942). The findings confirmed a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict management (β = 0.64, p

BackgroundLife satisfaction is essential for teachers’ work performance and student learning. Additionally, servant leadership has been shown to be one of the best leadership practices as it promotes employee well-being and satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction with job resources acts as a mediator in the relationship between servant leadership and life satisfaction by influencing individual and collective performance in the organization.ObjectiveThis research aimed to evaluate the mediating role of satisfaction with job resources in the relationship between servant leadership and life satisfaction.MethodsThe study was cross-sectional and explanatory. 620 teachers aged between 20 and 62 years (M = 35 and SD = 9.49) participated in the study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to measure life satisfaction, service leadership, and job resource satisfaction through the use of questionnaires.ResultsThe results indicated that the model obtained an adequate fit, χ2 = 2,658, df = 551, p

Abstract Background Dietary practices are acquired in the family context and in turn can affect the health of family members, especially the nutritional status of children. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and feeding practices in children from foster families served by the SOS Children's Villages program in Cartagena, Colombia. Methods The study had a cross-sectional design. Through a non-probabilistic purposive sampling, 139 children from 0 to 5 years of age from the SOS Children's Villages Cartagena program were involved. The sociodemographic background of the participants was recorded and the nutritional status of the children was evaluated through anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Dietary practices were measured by means of a standardized questionnaire. Analyses were performed with Poisson regression models with robust variance. These regression models provided prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Among dietary practices, it was observed that most families eat together at home (63.3%), watch television when they eat (55.4%), and have dietary norms (80.6%). Consumption of plant foods was predominantly high, especially vegetables (86.3%), fruits (92.1%), cereals (84.9%), root vegetables, and bananas (93.5%). Consumption

Objective: To determine the association between sociodemographic factors, stress, depression and anxiety, emotional eating, and concern about COVID-19 contagion in first and second-line Peruvian nurses. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and conducted with 500 Peruvian nurses of both sexes, over 18 years of age. Validated questionnaires were used to measure sociodemographic aspects, concern about COVID-19, generalized anxiety, depression, self-perceived stress, and emotional eating. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors affecting concern about COVID-19 contagion. Results: The multiple linear regression analysis showed that stress, being between the ages of 18 and 29 years, being male, being from the coastal region or the jungle region, having a bachelor’s degree, severe anxiety, and severe depression were associated with higher concern about COVID-19. On the other hand, having more than 5 to 10 years of experience and more than 10 years of experience, low emotional eating, and non-emotional eating were negatively associated with concern. This model explained 44.05% of the variability among the participating nurses. Conclusion: These findings provide resources for future research on the comprehensive well-being of nursing staff by exploring various sociodemographic aspects and mental conditions associated with greater concern about COVID-19. Meanwhile, years of experience and emotional eating behavior were associated with lower concern about COVID-19. Future studies could incorporate this information to preserve the mental and physical health of nurses in the face of potential occupational threats.

Unconventional distractions such as electronic devices are stimuli that divert attention during study tasks, especially those related to scientific research exercises in undergraduate education. In the absence of precise instruments to measure this phenomenon, the objective was to adapt and validate the Scale of Distractions in Research Tasks among Peruvian university students. The study is classified as an instrumental cross-sectional design, involving 1,003 university students aged between 18 and 47 years (M = 20.93, SD = 4.30) from three regions of Peru (Coast, Highlands, and Jungle), selected through convenience sampling. Content validity was assessed using Aiken’s V coefficient, internal structure was examined through confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was measured using the Omega coefficient. The results indicated that the judges positively evaluated the 5 items (V > 0.70), the internal structure confirmed the original model with satisfactory fit indices (χ2 (2) = 5.47, p = 0.187, CFI = 0.998, RMSEA = 0.023, and SRMR = 0.010), and the reliability was acceptable (ω = 0.86). In conclusion, the Peruvian version of the Scale of Distractions in Research Tasks has demonstrated to be a valid and reliable instrument, characterized by its brevity and a unifactorial structure.

BackgroundAddiction to online video game streaming has become one of the most appealing ways to occupy leisure time and is one of the most popular activities. The satisfaction it provides and the time invested in it are two of the main reasons why it is preferred. However, despite the clear benefits that this activity offers, in some cases, excessive use can lead to personal and/or family problems or abuse.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to develop and validate a scale to measure potential traits of dependence on online game streaming. The participants were 423 Peruvian adults aged between 18 and 47 years (M = 22.87, SD = 5.02). The Streaming Dependence Scale (SDS) was developed based on a literature review, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted.ResultsThe scale showed adequate internal consistency (α, CR, ω, and H > 80). Confirmatory analysis confirmed the one-dimensional structure (χ2 = 10.250, df = 5; p = 0.068; CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.05).ConclusionThe brief SDS is a valid and reliable measure that can be used as a useful tool to identify and evaluate streaming dependence.

BackgroundNurses face high levels of stress and work demands, which can affect their work engagement and psychological well-being. Resilience and self-efficacy have been identified as important resources to improve nurses’ adaptation and work engagement.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between resilience and stress on work engagement in Peruvian nurses.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used, and data were collected from a sample of 459 nurses. Self-report questionnaires were administered to measure self-efficacy, resilience, stress, and work engagement. SEM analyses were performed to examine the relationship between these variables, and a mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of self-efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between resilience, stress, and work engagement.ResultsThe results indicated a positive relationship between resilience, self-efficacy, and work engagement, as well as a negative relationship between stress and work engagement. Additionally, self-efficacy mediated the relationship between resilience and work engagement, as well as the relationship between stress and work engagement in nurses.ConclusionPersonal resources such as self-efficacy are a key factor in the relationship between resilience (work resources), stress (work demands), and work engagement of Peruvian nurses. Strengthening self-efficacy and resilience can improve work engagement and personal satisfaction of nurses. Hospital administrators and nursing managers should consider the importance of resilience, stress, work engagement, and self-efficacy in registered nurses and develop effective strategies to improve them. This can have a positive impact on the quality of care provided to patients and on the job satisfaction of nurses.

ObjectiveTo design and validate the motivation to publish scale-scientific articles (EMP-AC) for Peruvian university students.MethodsThis was an instrumental study in which 653 health, business, humanities and engineering students from private and state universities in the 3 regions of Peru participated. The scale was designed in 5 stages following international standards. The internal structure was assessed through both an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).ResultsThe content analysis by expert judges also supported the representativeness of the items related to the construction. The internal structure of the 13-item scale was confirmed through the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) which showed a structure of three factors: commitment, behavior, and intentional state as initially proposed. Previous analyses of goodness of fit indices were satisfactory (χ2 (167) = 276.93, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.07 [0.06–0.08]; SRMR = 0.06).ConclusionThe EMP-AC shows initial evidence of validity and reliability; therefore, it can be applied in the study of the motivation to publish scientific articles by Peruvian university students.

BackgroundEnglish is a global language used to communicate with members of the international community. Self-efficacy in learning English is an important factor that is influenced by perceived importance, interest, and beliefs about the ability to successfully perform tasks in English.ObjectiveThe aim is to develop and validate a measurement instrument to assess English self-efficacy.MethodsA total of 453 students from different Peruvian universities participated, with ages ranging from 18 to 60 years (M = 23; SD = 6.18). Statistical techniques for latent variables were used and recommendations for educational and psychological tests were followed in its construction. The sample was divided into two groups to perform exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).ResultsThe English Self-Efficacy Scale (ESS-P) is representative and relevant in terms of its item content (Aiken’s V > 0.70). Its internal structure is organized into three first order factors and a second order factor that are consistent with the theoretical proposal and was confirmed through CFA with excellent goodness-of-fit indices (χ2 = 1184.9, gl = 626, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.06 y SRMR = 0.04). It also has adequate internal consistency in its three factors (Reading α/ω = 0.96), Oral Communication (α/ω = 0.95), and Writing (α/ω = 0.97) and the whole scale (α/ω = 0.98), is invariant with respect to sex, and has a conceptual relationship with variables such as academic self-efficacy and exam anxiety.ConclusionThe ESS-P is a measurement instrument with evidence of validity, factorial invariance, and good reliability of its scores. Therefore, it can be used in future studies in the academic context.

BackgroundLife satisfaction as well as job satisfaction of teachers has a significant impact on educational outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate a model of factors predicting life satisfaction through the mediating role of job satisfaction.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 300 primary school teachers of both sexes (68% female, 32% male) and with a mean age of 42.52 years (SD = 10.04). They were administered the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Workload Scale (ECT), the Generic Job Satisfaction Scale, and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis.ResultsThe SEM analysis found significant goodness-of-fit indices: (χ2 = 13.739; df = 5; p =

IntroductionUniversity students constantly face a number of health challenges related to an unhealthy diet, characterized by a high intake of saturated fats.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Block Fat Screener (BFS-E) food frequency questionnaire in a university population.MethodsAn observational analytical study of instrumental type was carried out in 5608 Peruvian university students. Based on the Block Fat Screener questionnaire, a back-translation and cultural adaptation process was carried out. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), hypothesizing a unidimensional structure. For the determination of reliability, the alpha coefficients were considered; likewise, the ω and H coefficients were used to evaluate the construct. The model explained 63% of the cumulative variance.ResultsThe CFA confirmed the unidimensionality of the 16-item questionnaire with appropriate goodness-of-fit indicators; therefore, which model of the Peruvian version adequately fits the observed data. The values of the reliability coefficients were higher than 0.90, with ordinal α = 0.94, ω = 0.94, and H = 0.95.ConclusionThe Spanish version of the Block Fat Screener food frequency questionnaire presents adequate psychometric properties and is therefore a valid scale to quickly measure fat intake in university students in a Latin American context.

IntroductionTo protect public health, it is important that the population be vaccinated against COVID-19; however, certain factors can affect vaccine acceptance.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether religious fatalism and concern about new variants have a significant effect on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.MethodologyAn explanatory study was conducted with 403 adults of legal age captured through non-probabilistic convenience sampling in vaccination centers in the 13 health networks of the Regional Health Directorate of Puno, Peru. Data were collected through a brief scale of religious fatalism, a scale of acceptance of vaccines against COVID-19 and a scale of concern about a new variant of COVID-19.ResultsThe proposed model obtained an adequate fit. There was a negative effect of religious fatalism on vaccine acceptance, a positive effect of fatalism on vaccine rejection, a positive effect of concern about new variants on the acceptance of vaccines, and a positive effect of concern about new variants on vaccine rejection.ConclusionThese findings provide evidence for the usefulness of considering both religious fatalism and concern about new variants affect the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in adults in southern Peru.

Background: Life satisfaction is a determining factor for the improvement of mental and physical health. Health care workers are a vulnerable population to suffer alterations in the factors that affect life satisfaction. Determining the influence of these factors on quality of life is important for their proper management. Objective: To examine sociodemographic factors and healthy behaviors influencing life satisfaction in Peruvian professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 506 health care workers, who had a mean age of 40.34 years (SD = 10.39). A sociodemographic questionnaire, sleep quality, physical activity, eating habits, and life satisfaction were used. A regression model was fitted with the life satisfaction variable as the dependent variable. Results: In multivariable analysis, age (β = −.938, P

Background: The Job Demands and Resources (JD-R) model is used to examine predictors of well-being, work engagement, and individual or organizational outcomes. According to the model, work engagement and communication skills play a mediating role between work-family conflict and resilience to job satisfaction in nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted considering 431 Peruvian nurses of mean age ( M = 40.31 years; SD = 10.94) ranging from 22 to 68 years working in public hospitals in the Lima region. Data were collected using a self-reported form of the Job Satisfaction Scale, communication skills, work engagement, work-family conflict, and resilience. The theoretical model was evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: A theoretical model with adequate fit was obtained [χ 2 (2) = 6.0, P

Crises negatively affect the economy of a country, increasing financial risk, as they affect work activities and the well-being of the population. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of financial well-being in the relationship between personal well-being and financial threats. A predictive cross-sectional study was conducted. The variables analyzed were personal well-being, financial threats, and financial well-being. A total of 416 Peruvian adults from the three regions of Peru participated. The mean age was M = 35.36, SD = 8.84, with a range of 19–62 years. To represent the statistical mediation model, a structural equation model (SEM) was used. The analysis showed that the variables were significantly related (p

IntroductionBeing able to write is a key competency in educational models; therefore, it is important to have a scale to assess writing self-efficacy.ObjectiveThe study evaluated the internal structure, providing evidence of reliability, validity, and factorial invariance of the self-efficacy for writing scale (SEWS) across sex and age in Peruvian schoolchildren.MethodsAn instrumental study was carried out on 1,107 Peruvian adolescents (early, middle, and late) of school age. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out and the factorial invariance for sex and age was evaluated.ResultsA good fit was obtained for the total sample (χ2 = 1229.08, df = 101, CFI = 0.997, TLI = 0.997, RMSEA = 0.057 [90% CI: 0.0540.059], and SRMR = 0.029) and presented good α, ω, and H reliability (>0.89). Correlations between another measure of writing self-efficacy (p = 0.76; p < .01), study satisfaction (p = 0.31; p < .01), and burnout (p = −0.12; p < .01) scales supported convergent and concurrent validity. Multigroup factor analysis supported strict invariance for sex and age, for which the SEWS provides evidence of validity and reliability.DiscussionThis adaptation of the SEWS is a valid, reliable, and invariant measure that can be considered for assessing self-efficacy for writing in Peruvian high school students.

BackgroundThe global pandemic of COVID-19 and the social distancing efforts implemented worldwide to limit its spread have disrupted the economy, increased food insecurity, and mental health problems.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the association between food insecurity and mental health outcomes (stress, depression, and anxiety) in Peruvian households during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 525 participants of both sexes (68% women), over 18 years of age and from the three geographic regions of Peru: Coast (54.9%), Highlands (28.4%), and Jungle (16.8%). The data were collected during the year 2021, between July 6 and September 22 through a self-administered online survey designed to assess socio-demographic, socioeconomic, food insecurity, and mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress).ResultsThe majority of households (71.4%) experienced some degree of food insecurity. Mild food insecurity was the most frequent, affecting 49.1%, followed by moderate 15.4%, and severe 6.9%. Regarding mental health outcomes, 24.8% manifested depression, 26.7% anxiety, and 15.3% stress. With respect to the association between the level of food insecurity and anxiety, this was highly significant (p < 0.01). Households with mild, moderate and severe food insecurity are 2.04, 4.5, and 10.44 times, respectively, more likely to have moderate-severe anxiety. On the other hand, the mild food insecurity was not associated with moderate-severe depression. In contrast, households with moderate and severe food insecurity are 2.8 and 5.7 times, respectively, more likely to have moderate-severe depression. Finally, households with moderate food insecurity are 5.9 times more likely to have moderate-severe stress, and households with severe food insecurity are 8.5 times more likely to have moderate-severe stress, both having a highly significant association (p < 0.01).ConclusionIn conclusion, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru, household food insecurity was independently associated with worse mental health outcomes. Monitoring of both food insecurity and mental health will be important as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between depression, emotional exhaustion, self-esteem, satisfaction with studies, academic self-efficacy, and the use of virtual media in Peruvian university students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 569 college students (61.9% female), with a mean age of 21.73 years (standard deviation = 4.95), responded to the following questionnaires: Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, Single Item Self-Esteem Scale, Brief Scale of Satisfaction with Studies, Scale of Use of Virtual Media, Patient Health Questionnarie-2, and Single Item of Academic Emotional Exhaustion. Correlation statistics, regression models, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for data analysis. The results demonstrated a direct and significant correlation between virtual media use, academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, depression, and emotional exhaustion (p < .01). In addition, satisfaction with studies (β = −0.13), academic self-efficacy (β = −0.19), self-esteem (β = −0.14), and emotional exhaustion (β = 0.19) predicted depression significantly, whereas virtual media use (β = 0.17), study satisfaction (β = 0.09), and depression (β = 0.20) predicted emotional exhaustion associated with academics. The SEM model indicated that self-esteem, satisfaction with studies, and academic self-efficacy negatively predict depression, whereas academic self-efficacy positively predicts virtual media use. Finally, both virtual media use and depression positively predict emotional exhaustion. This model presents optimal goodness-of-fit indices (X2 = 8.926, df = 6, p = .178; comparative fit = .991, Tucker–Lewis = .979, root mean square error of approximation = .029 [confidence interval 90% = .000–.067], standardized root mean square residual = .022). Thus, academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, satisfaction with studies, and virtual media use predict depression and emotional exhaustion among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has impacted the health of the population. Technological advances become alternative tools for the promotion of lifestyle and prevention of non-communicable diseases in university personnel. Objective: This study analyzed the effect of an intervention based on a telehealth program and investigated its efficacy in improving lifestyle, body mass index, and glucose concentration in university staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: A pre-experimental study was conducted between August and December 2021 on 100 workers of a private university located in Tarapoto, Peru. Information was collected on lifestyle practices and beliefs, body mass index, and glucose contraction before and after the intervention. After the intervention, 78 participants were analyzed; 22 workers did not respond to the invitation. Results: Comparison between pretest and follow-up showed an increase in lifestyle practices and beliefs (from 93.33 ± 9.44 to 96.23 ± 9.32, p

Background: The academic and emotional challenges faced by medical students can affect critical thinking and may also contribute to the development of increased generalized anxiety. Similarly, critical thinking and generalized anxiety can impact study satisfaction through the mediating mechanism of academic self-efficacy. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the mediating role of academic self-efficacy between critical thinking and generalized anxiety in study satisfaction among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional and explanatory study was conducted involving 259 Peruvian medical students aged between 18 and 35 (M = 20.29, SD = 2.84). The evaluation was based on self-reported questionnaires covering critical thinking, generalized anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and study satisfaction. Furthermore, a structural equation modeling (SEM) and mediation approach was employed to examine the relationships between variables. Results: The results showed an adequate fit of the model [χ2 (87) = 155, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.05 (CI: 0.04–0.07), SRMR = 0.07], demonstrating the impact of critical thinking and generalized anxiety. It was confirmed that academic self-efficacy has a positive effect on study satisfaction. Moreover, the mediating role of academic self-efficacy was confirmed between critical thinking and study satisfaction, as well as between generalized anxiety and study satisfaction. Conclusions: Due to the high academic load on medical students, academic self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between critical thinking, generalized anxiety, and satisfaction with studies. The development of educational strategies will help to promote critical thinking and academic self-efficacy, as well as provide support to students with generalized anxiety, to enhance study satisfaction.

COVID-19 has adversely impacted the entire university community worldwide, including teachers, administrative staff, and students. This study analyzed the relationship between digital competencies, transformational leadership, and job performance of Peruvian university teachers. A predictive cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 teachers from a private university in Peru in three regions of the country (coast, highlands, and jungle). The Digital Competencies in Teaching (CDD), Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5X Short), and the Job Performance scale were used for data collection. The samples were analyzed with structural equation modeling and an adequate fit to the data was obtained ([chi-squared] = 194.342, p < 0; [chi-squared]/df = 2.23, CFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.942, RMSEA = 0.078, SRMR = 0.061). In addition, both digital competencies ([beta] = 0.28, p < 0) and transformational leadership ([beta] = 0.76, p < 0) were found to be predictive factors of job performance. These findings provide evidence that digital competencies and transformational leadership were directly related to the job performance of university teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, it would be appropriate for educational leaders to consider these findings to enhance the digital competencies of teachers, promote a positive work environment, and support professional growth by stimulating motivation and job satisfaction during crisis situations.

Risk behaviors in schoolchildren can negatively influence and affect their wellbeing. Therefore, it is necessary to have a validated tool to measure student satisfaction in specific areas of the school. The objective of this study was to adapt to Spanish and evaluate the psychometric properties of the H-Sat Scale in Peruvian students. The participants were 691 high school students between 11 and 18 years old (M = 13.96, SD 1.38) who were administered the H-Sat Scale. The scale was translated into Spanish (H-SatP Scale) using the forward and backward method. The scale presented adequate internal consistency for each of the five factors (ordinal α, CR, ω, and H > 70). Confirmatory analysis confirmed the five-dimensional structure (χ2 = 620.864, df = 160; CFI = 0.982, TLI = 0.978, RMSEA = 0.065, SRMR = 0.032). This measurement tool could be used for the evaluation of interventions in school and health contexts to assess other aspects of wellbeing necessary for their development in school-age students.

Introduction: Commonly, burnout in nurses has influenced their performance. The contribution of this study allows to broaden the knowledge of the performance-burnout relationship and identifies the work performance in nurses as a precursor of burnout. Objective: The study aimed to examine the factors of work performance of nursing staff that influence burnout. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used and a total of 340 nurses from the department of Puno in Peru participated. Demographic, job performance, and burnout data were collected. Results: Job performance factors, such as counterproductive behavior, positively influenced burnout, while task and context performance negatively influenced burnout. These variables explained 28.54% of the variance of burnout among nurses. Conclusion: Job performance factors have a significant impact on burnout. To reduce burnout, workforce resources that motivate, engage, and monitor nurse performance must be identified individually or organizationally. There is a need to develop training that promotes the improvement of emotional skills for better performance and the reduction of professional burnout.

Background: Nurses are susceptible to several mental problems, such as fear, stress, and depression due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects their emotional well-being. However, resilience plays an important role in mitigating the effects of COVID-19. Objective: This study was to examine the mediating role of resilience in the relation between fear, stress, and depression of nurses during COVID-19 health emergencies. Methods: A cross-sectional—predictive study was carried out. The variables analyzed were fear, resilience, stress, and depression. A total of 286 nurses from 2 hospitals in the cities of Juliaca and Puno, Peru. Data analyses were performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: Analyses showed that the variables were significantly related ( P

Background: It is essential to identify the factors that influence the work performance of health professionals working in health care facilities, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, since these factors have an impact on the quality of medical care provided to the population. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between job burnout, professional self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and job performance in Peruvian health care workers. Methods: Cross-sectional explanatory study, with the voluntary participation of 508 health professionals (physicians and nurses) of both sexes (70.7% women, 29.3% men), and from different health facilities in the city of Lima. All participants were administered the Single Burnout Item questionnaire, the Professional Self-Efficacy Scale (AU-10), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWL), the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ), and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis. Results: In the SEM analysis, it was found that for the mediation model the incremental goodness-of-fit indices were significant (χ 2 = 2292.313, gl = 659, P

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is considered one of the most effective strategies to control this global public health crisis. However, vaccine hesitancy is one of the main threats to mitigating the pandemic. The present study aimed to identify predictors of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in 3 geographical regions of Peru. Methods: An online analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were selected by non-probability convenience sampling and size was estimated using the online statistical calculator proposed by Soper. A total of 529 Peruvian nationals completed the questionnaires. Student’s t -test and Fisher’s F test (ANOVA) were used. A significance level of .05 was considered. Results: Face-to-face work (β = 2.037, P

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of a brief scale measuring intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in a Peruvian sample in the context of the current pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional and instrumental study was carried out. A total of 547 Peruvian citizens selected through non-probability convenience sampling participated. Considering existing theories of vaccination hesitancy, 12 items were proposed that evaluate the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 and the internal structure was evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was analyzed with the ordinal alpha coefficient. Results: The exploratory factor analysis yielded a structure of 2 oblique factors that explain 69% of the total variance and the items saturated between 0.52 and 0.97. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that, of 4 models analyzed, the fourth model that was composed of 6 items presented optimal indices of goodness-of-fit ( X 2 = 11.089, P = .197, CFI = 0.999, TLI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.034 [IC 90%, 0.000-0.077], SRMR = 0.016). Reliability analysis through the ordinal alpha coefficient yielded that the brief scale of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 has adequate internal consistency (α = .91). Conclusions: The brief scale of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 presents adequate psychometric properties that demonstrate validity and reliability and can be used in future research and clinical practice.

The need for partial or total substitution of animal protein sources by vegetable sources of high protein quality with good sensory acceptance is a promising alternative. The objective was to develop a hamburger with vegetable protein using a mixture design based on quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), Peruvian Andean corn (Zea mays) and Andean lupine (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). The design of these mixtures allowed obtaining eleven formulations, three of which were selected for complying with the amino acid intake for adults recommended by FAO. Then, a completely randomized design was applied to the selected samples plus a commercial product. Proximal composition was measured on a dry basis (protein, fat, carbohydrates, and ash), calculation of the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) and a sensory analysis was carried out using the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) method with acceptability in 132 regular consumers of vegetarian products. Protein, fat, carbohydrate, and ash contents ranged from 18.5–24.5, 4.1–7.5, 65.4–72.1 and 2.8–5.9%, respectively. The use of Andean crops favored the protein content and the contribution of sulfur amino acids (SAA) and tryptophan from quinoa and lysine and threonine from lupin. The samples with Andean crops were described as easy to cut, soft, good, healthy, legume flavor, tasty and light brown, however the commercial sample was characterized as difficult to cut, hard, dark brown, uneven color, dry and grainy. The sample with 50% quinoa and 50% lupin was the most acceptable and reached a digestibility of 0.92. It complied with the lysine, threonine, and tryptophan intake, with the exception of SAA, according to the essential amino acid pattern proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Background. Peru has one of the highest infection and death rates in the world for the COVID-19 pandemic. The government implemented house confinement measures with probable consequences on lifestyle, particularly affecting eating habits, physical activity, sleep quality, and mental health. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the lifestyles, physical activity, and sleep characteristics, as well as changes in eating habits in a Peruvian population during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. We analyzed Peruvian adults based on an online self-administered questionnaire divided into sociodemographic, anthropometrics, COVID-19 diagnosis reported, lifestyle habits, and frequency of consumption of foods. Results. During confinement for COVID-19, 1176 participants were studied. Of these, most reported weight gain (1 to 3 kg) and 35.7% were overweight. The lifestyles habits showed that 54.8% reported doing physical activity and 37.2% sleep less. The Peruvian sample presented a main meal pattern of breakfast (95.7%), lunch (97.5%), and dinner (89.1%). Likewise, eating habits before and during COVID-19 pandemic showed that vegetables (OR:1.56, CI95% 1.21–200), fruit (OR: 1.42, CI95% 1.10–1.81), legumes (OR:1.67, CI95% 1.23–2.28), and eggs (OR: 2.00, CI95% 1.52–2.65) presented significant consumption increase during social isolation, while bakery products (OR: 0.74, CI95% 0.56–0.97), meat, snack, refreshment, and fast food decreased in consumption. Other foods showed no significant differences. Conclusion. This study showed an important frequency of overweight and sleep changes. There was a slight increase in physical activity despite the social isolation measures and an increase in healthy eating habits; nevertheless, the majority reported gaining weight.

Introduction: COVID-19 changed the traditional way of educating, confining students to their homes and favoring the excessive use of technology and entertainment such as video games. Precisely, the excessive consumption of the latter altered the behavior of adolescents and increased their levels of aggressiveness. The present study analyzed dependence on video games as a predictor of aggression in adolescents from Eastern Lima during confinement by COVID-19. Method: The study was non-experimental, with a predictive scope, quantitative approach, and cross-section. The sample consisted of 430 high school students from 11 to 17 years old who belonged to educational institutions in Eastern Lima, to whom the Test of Dependence of Videogames (TDV) and the Aggression Questionnaire were applied. Results: The results showed a significant correlation between the variables (r= 0.360**; p= 0.000), which showed that addiction to video games predicts aggressiveness by up to 13 % (R= 0.360; R[superscript 2] = 0.130). Discussion or Conclusion: There is a highly positive potentiation between the variables; therefore, the greater the dependence on video games, the greater the aggressiveness in adolescents. This is due to the high levels of violence in the most popular video games that trigger impulse control, especially in men, who have higher levels of dependence on video games than women.