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1. Ratio of Trunk to Leg Volume as a New Body Shape Metric for Diabetes and Mortality

Author

Kanaya, Alka, Wilson, JP, Kanaya, AM, Fan, B, and Shepherd, JA

Abstract

Background:Body shape is a known risk factor for diabetes and mortality, but the methods estimating body shape, BMI and waist circumference are crude. We determined whether a novel body shape measure, trunk to leg volume ratio, was independently associated

Published
2013

2. A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Legate, N, Nguyen, TV, Weinstein, N, Moller, A, Legault, L, Vally, Z, Tajchman, Z, Zsido, AN, Zrimsek, M, Chen, Z, Ziano, I, Gialitaki, Z, Basnight-Brown, DM, Ceary, CD, Jang, Y, IJzerman, H, Lin, Y, Kunisato, Y, Yamada, Y, Xiao, Q, Jiang, X, Du, X, Yao, E, Ryan, WS, Wilson, JP, Cyrus-Lai, W, Jimenez-Leal, W, Law, W, Unanue, W, Collins, WM, Richard, KL, Vranka, M, Ankushev, V, Schei, V, Lerche, V, Kovic, V, Krizanic, V, Kadreva, VH, Adoric, VC, Tran, US, Yeung, SK, Hassan, W, Houston, R, Urry, HL, Machin, MA, Lima, TJS, Ostermann, T, Frizzo, T, Sverdrup, TE, House, T, Gill, T, Fedotov, M, Paltrow, T, Moshontz, H, Jernsäther, T, Rahman, T, Machin, T, Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M, Hostler, TJ, Ishii, T, Szaszi, B, Adamus, S, Suter, L, Von Bormann, SM, Habib, S, Studzinska, A, Stojanovska, D, Janssen, SMJ, Stieger, S, Primbs, MA, Schulenberg, SE, Buchanan, EM, Tatachari, S, Azouaghe, S, Sorokowski, P, Sorokowska, A, Song, X, Morbée, S, Lewis, S, Sinkolova, S, Grigoryev, D, Drexler, SM, Daches, S, Levine, SL, Geniole, SN, Akter, S, Vracar, S, Massoni, S, Costa, S, Zorjan, S, Sarioguz, E, Izquierdo, SM, Tshonda, SS, Miller, JK, Alves, SG, Pöntinen, S, Solas, SÁ, Ordoñez-Riaño, S, Ocovaj, SB, Onie, S, Legate, N, Nguyen, TV, Weinstein, N, Moller, A, Legault, L, Vally, Z, Tajchman, Z, Zsido, AN, Zrimsek, M, Chen, Z, Ziano, I, Gialitaki, Z, Basnight-Brown, DM, Ceary, CD, Jang, Y, IJzerman, H, Lin, Y, Kunisato, Y, Yamada, Y, Xiao, Q, Jiang, X, Du, X, Yao, E, Ryan, WS, Wilson, JP, Cyrus-Lai, W, Jimenez-Leal, W, Law, W, Unanue, W, Collins, WM, Richard, KL, Vranka, M, Ankushev, V, Schei, V, Lerche, V, Kovic, V, Krizanic, V, Kadreva, VH, Adoric, VC, Tran, US, Yeung, SK, Hassan, W, Houston, R, Urry, HL, Machin, MA, Lima, TJS, Ostermann, T, Frizzo, T, Sverdrup, TE, House, T, Gill, T, Fedotov, M, Paltrow, T, Moshontz, H, Jernsäther, T, Rahman, T, Machin, T, Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M, Hostler, TJ, Ishii, T, Szaszi, B, Adamus, S, Suter, L, Von Bormann, SM, Habib, S, Studzinska, A, Stojanovska, D, Janssen, SMJ, Stieger, S, Primbs, MA, Schulenberg, SE, Buchanan, EM, Tatachari, S, Azouaghe, S, Sorokowski, P, Sorokowska, A, Song, X, Morbée, S, Lewis, S, Sinkolova, S, Grigoryev, D, Drexler, SM, Daches, S, Levine, SL, Geniole, SN, Akter, S, Vracar, S, Massoni, S, Costa, S, Zorjan, S, Sarioguz, E, Izquierdo, SM, Tshonda, SS, Miller, JK, Alves, SG, Pöntinen, S, Solas, SÁ, Ordoñez-Riaño, S, Ocovaj, SB, and Onie, S

Abstract

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This crosscountry, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one's core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people's existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges.

Published
2022

3. Robust immune responses after one dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine dose in SARS-CoV-2 experienced individuals

Author

Ramin S. Herati, Moritz G, Mark J. Mulligan, S. W. Hyman, T. Karmacharya, Amber Cornelius, Sergei B. Koralov, S. L. Gray-Gaillard, Ali M, Wilson Jp, Allen, and Marie I. Samanovic

Subjects
Vaccination, Messenger RNA, Immune system, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Antigen specific, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pandemic, Immunology, Medicine, Booster dose, business
Abstract

The use of COVID-19 vaccines will play the major role in helping to end the pandemic that has killed millions worldwide. COVID-19 vaccines have resulted in robust humoral responses and protective efficacy in human trials, but efficacy trials excluded individuals with a prior diagnosis of COVID-19. As a result, little is known about how immune responses induced by mRNA vaccines differ in individuals who recovered from COVID-19. Here, we evaluated longitudinal immune responses to two-dose BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in 15 adults who recovered from COVID-19, compared to 21 adults who did not have prior COVID-19 diagnosis. Consistent with prior studies of mRNA vaccines, we observed robust cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses in both cohorts following the second dose. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals had progressive increases in humoral and antigen-specific antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses following each dose of vaccine, whereas SARS-CoV-2-experienced individuals demonstrated strong humoral and antigen-specific ASC responses to the first dose but muted responses to the second dose of the vaccine at the time points studied. Together, these data highlight the relevance of immunological history for understanding vaccine immune responses and may have significant implications for personalizing mRNA vaccination regimens used to prevent COVID-19, including booster shots.One Sentence SummaryPrior history of COVID-19 affects adaptive immune responses to mRNA vaccination.

Published
2021
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4. A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Wang, K, Goldenberg, A, Dorison, CA, Miller, JK, Uusberg, A, Lerner, JS, Gross, JJ, Agesin, BB, Bernardo, M, Campos, O, Eudave, L, Grzech, K, Ozery, DH, Jackson, EA, Garcia, EOL, Drexler, SM, Jurković, AP, Rana, K, Wilson, JP, Antoniadi, M, Desai, K, Gialitaki, Z, Kushnir, E, Nadif, K, Bravo, ON, Nauman, R, Oosterlinck, M, Pantazi, M, Pilecka, N, Szabelska, A, van Steenkiste, IMM, Filip, K, Bozdoc, AI, Marcu, GM, Agadullina, E, Adamkovič, M, Roczniewska, M, Reyna, C, Kassianos, AP, Westerlund, M, Ahlgren, L, Pöntinen, S, Adetula, GA, Dursun, P, Arinze, AI, Arinze, NC, Ogbonnaya, CE, Ndukaihe, ILG, Dalgar, I, Akkas, H, Macapagal, PM, Lewis, S, Metin-Orta, I, Foroni, F, Willis, M, Santos, AC, Mokady, A, Reggev, N, Kurfali, MA, Vasilev, MR, Nock, NL, Parzuchowski, M, Espinoza Barría, MF, Vranka, M, Kohlová, MB, Ropovik, I, Harutyunyan, M, Wang, C, Yao, E, Becker, M, Manunta, E, Kaminski, G, Marko, D, Evans, K, Lewis, DMG, Findor, A, Landry, AT, Aruta, JJB, Ortiz, MS, Vally, Z, Pronizius, E, Voracek, M, Lamm, C, Grinberg, M, Li, R, Valentova, JV, Mioni, G, Cellini, N, Chen, SC, Zickfeld, J, Moon, K, Azab, H, Levy, N, Karababa, A, Beaudry, JL, Boucher, L, Collins, WM, Todsen, AL, van Schie, K, Vintr, J, Wang, K, Goldenberg, A, Dorison, CA, Miller, JK, Uusberg, A, Lerner, JS, Gross, JJ, Agesin, BB, Bernardo, M, Campos, O, Eudave, L, Grzech, K, Ozery, DH, Jackson, EA, Garcia, EOL, Drexler, SM, Jurković, AP, Rana, K, Wilson, JP, Antoniadi, M, Desai, K, Gialitaki, Z, Kushnir, E, Nadif, K, Bravo, ON, Nauman, R, Oosterlinck, M, Pantazi, M, Pilecka, N, Szabelska, A, van Steenkiste, IMM, Filip, K, Bozdoc, AI, Marcu, GM, Agadullina, E, Adamkovič, M, Roczniewska, M, Reyna, C, Kassianos, AP, Westerlund, M, Ahlgren, L, Pöntinen, S, Adetula, GA, Dursun, P, Arinze, AI, Arinze, NC, Ogbonnaya, CE, Ndukaihe, ILG, Dalgar, I, Akkas, H, Macapagal, PM, Lewis, S, Metin-Orta, I, Foroni, F, Willis, M, Santos, AC, Mokady, A, Reggev, N, Kurfali, MA, Vasilev, MR, Nock, NL, Parzuchowski, M, Espinoza Barría, MF, Vranka, M, Kohlová, MB, Ropovik, I, Harutyunyan, M, Wang, C, Yao, E, Becker, M, Manunta, E, Kaminski, G, Marko, D, Evans, K, Lewis, DMG, Findor, A, Landry, AT, Aruta, JJB, Ortiz, MS, Vally, Z, Pronizius, E, Voracek, M, Lamm, C, Grinberg, M, Li, R, Valentova, JV, Mioni, G, Cellini, N, Chen, SC, Zickfeld, J, Moon, K, Azab, H, Levy, N, Karababa, A, Beaudry, JL, Boucher, L, Collins, WM, Todsen, AL, van Schie, K, and Vintr, J

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world. Protocol registration: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 12 May 2020. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4878591.v1.

Published
2021

5. To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

Author

Jones, BC, DeBruine, LM, Flake, JK, Liuzza, MT, Antfolk, J, Arinze, NC, Ndukaihe, ILG, Bloxsom, NG, Lewis, SC, Foroni, F, Willis, ML, Cubillas, CP, Vadillo, MA, Turiegano, E, Gilead, M, Simchon, A, Saribay, SA, Owsley, NC, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Calvillo, DP, Wlodarczyk, A, Qi, Y, Ariyabuddhiphongs, K, Jarukasemthawee, S, Manley, H, Suavansri, P, Taephant, N, Stolier, RM, Evans, TR, Bonick, J, Lindemans, JW, Ashworth, LF, Hahn, AC, Chevallier, C, Kapucu, A, Karaaslan, A, Leongomez, JD, Sanchez, OR, Valderrama, E, Vasquez-Amezquita, M, Hajdu, N, Aczel, B, Szecsi, P, Andreychik, M, Musser, ED, Batres, C, Hu, C-P, Liu, Q-L, Legate, N, Vaughn, LA, Barzykowski, K, Golik, K, Schmid, I, Stieger, S, Artner, R, Mues, C, Vanpaemel, W, Jiang, Z, Wu, Q, Marcu, GM, Stephen, ID, Lu, JG, Philipp, MC, Arnal, JD, Hehman, E, Xie, SY, Chopik, WJ, Seehuus, M, Azouaghe, S, Belhaj, A, Elouafa, J, Wilson, JP, Kruse, E, Papadatou-Pastou, M, De la Rosa-Gomez, A, Barba-Sanchez, AE, Gonzalez-Santoyo, I, Hsu, T, Kung, C-C, Wang, H-H, Freeman, JB, Oh, DW, Schei, V, Sverdrup, TE, Levitan, CA, Cook, CL, Chandel, P, Kujur, P, Parganiha, A, Parveen, N, Pati, AK, Pradhan, S, Singh, MM, Pande, B, Bavolar, J, Kacmar, P, Zakharov, I, Alvarez-Solas, S, Baskin, E, Thirkettle, M, Schmidt, K, Christopherson, CD, Leonis, T, Suchow, JW, Olofsson, JK, Jernsather, T, Lee, A-S, Beaudry, JL, Gogan, TD, Oldmeadow, JA, Balas, B, Stevens, LM, Colloff, MF, Flowe, HD, Gulgoz, S, Brandt, MJ, Hoyer, K, Jaeger, B, Ren, D, Sleegers, WWA, Wissink, J, Kaminski, G, Floerke, VA, Urry, HL, Chen, S-C, Pfuhl, G, Vally, Z, Basnight-Brown, DM, Jzerman, H, Sarda, E, Neyroud, L, Badidi, T, Van der Linden, N, Tan, CBY, Kovic, V, Sampaio, W, Ferreira, P, Santos, D, Burin, D, Gardiner, G, Protzko, J, Schild, C, Scigala, KA, Zettler, I, Kunz, EMO, Storage, D, Wagemans, FMA, Saunders, B, Sirota, M, Sloane, G, Lima, TJS, Uittenhove, K, Vergauwe, E, Jaworska, K, Stern, J, Ask, K, van Zyl, CJJ, Korner, A, Weissgerber, SC, Boudesseul, J, Ruiz-Dodobara, F, Ritchie, KL, Michalak, NM, Blake, KR, White, D, Gordon-Finlayson, AR, Anne, M, Janssen, SMJ, Lee, KM, Nielsen, TK, Tamnes, CK, Zickfeld, JH, Dalla Rosa, A, Vianello, M, Kocsor, F, Kozma, L, Putz, A, Tressoldi, P, Irrazabal, N, Chatard, A, Lins, S, Pinto, IR, Lutz, J, Adamkovic, M, Babincak, P, Banik, G, Ropovik, I, Coetzee, V, Dixson, BJW, Ribeiro, G, Peters, K, Steffens, NK, Tan, KW, Thorstenson, CA, Fernandez, AM, Hsu, RMCS, Valentova, JV, Varella, MAC, Corral-Frias, NS, Frias-Armenta, M, Hatami, J, Monajem, A, Sharifian, M, Frohlich, B, Lin, H, Inzlicht, M, Alaei, R, Rule, NO, Lamm, C, Pronizius, E, Voracek, M, Olsen, J, Mac Giolla, E, Akgoz, A, Ozdokru, AA, Crawford, MT, Bennett-Day, B, Koehn, MA, Okan, C, Gill, T, Miller, JK, Dunham, Y, Yang, X, Alper, S, Borras-Guevara, ML, Cai, SJ, Tiantian, D, Danvers, AF, Feinberg, DR, Armstrong, MM, Gilboa-Schechtman, E, McCarthy, RJ, Munoz-Reyes, JA, Polo, P, Shiramazu, VKM, Yan, W-J, Carvalho, L, Forscher, PS, Chartier, CR, Coles, NA, Jones, BC, DeBruine, LM, Flake, JK, Liuzza, MT, Antfolk, J, Arinze, NC, Ndukaihe, ILG, Bloxsom, NG, Lewis, SC, Foroni, F, Willis, ML, Cubillas, CP, Vadillo, MA, Turiegano, E, Gilead, M, Simchon, A, Saribay, SA, Owsley, NC, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Calvillo, DP, Wlodarczyk, A, Qi, Y, Ariyabuddhiphongs, K, Jarukasemthawee, S, Manley, H, Suavansri, P, Taephant, N, Stolier, RM, Evans, TR, Bonick, J, Lindemans, JW, Ashworth, LF, Hahn, AC, Chevallier, C, Kapucu, A, Karaaslan, A, Leongomez, JD, Sanchez, OR, Valderrama, E, Vasquez-Amezquita, M, Hajdu, N, Aczel, B, Szecsi, P, Andreychik, M, Musser, ED, Batres, C, Hu, C-P, Liu, Q-L, Legate, N, Vaughn, LA, Barzykowski, K, Golik, K, Schmid, I, Stieger, S, Artner, R, Mues, C, Vanpaemel, W, Jiang, Z, Wu, Q, Marcu, GM, Stephen, ID, Lu, JG, Philipp, MC, Arnal, JD, Hehman, E, Xie, SY, Chopik, WJ, Seehuus, M, Azouaghe, S, Belhaj, A, Elouafa, J, Wilson, JP, Kruse, E, Papadatou-Pastou, M, De la Rosa-Gomez, A, Barba-Sanchez, AE, Gonzalez-Santoyo, I, Hsu, T, Kung, C-C, Wang, H-H, Freeman, JB, Oh, DW, Schei, V, Sverdrup, TE, Levitan, CA, Cook, CL, Chandel, P, Kujur, P, Parganiha, A, Parveen, N, Pati, AK, Pradhan, S, Singh, MM, Pande, B, Bavolar, J, Kacmar, P, Zakharov, I, Alvarez-Solas, S, Baskin, E, Thirkettle, M, Schmidt, K, Christopherson, CD, Leonis, T, Suchow, JW, Olofsson, JK, Jernsather, T, Lee, A-S, Beaudry, JL, Gogan, TD, Oldmeadow, JA, Balas, B, Stevens, LM, Colloff, MF, Flowe, HD, Gulgoz, S, Brandt, MJ, Hoyer, K, Jaeger, B, Ren, D, Sleegers, WWA, Wissink, J, Kaminski, G, Floerke, VA, Urry, HL, Chen, S-C, Pfuhl, G, Vally, Z, Basnight-Brown, DM, Jzerman, H, Sarda, E, Neyroud, L, Badidi, T, Van der Linden, N, Tan, CBY, Kovic, V, Sampaio, W, Ferreira, P, Santos, D, Burin, D, Gardiner, G, Protzko, J, Schild, C, Scigala, KA, Zettler, I, Kunz, EMO, Storage, D, Wagemans, FMA, Saunders, B, Sirota, M, Sloane, G, Lima, TJS, Uittenhove, K, Vergauwe, E, Jaworska, K, Stern, J, Ask, K, van Zyl, CJJ, Korner, A, Weissgerber, SC, Boudesseul, J, Ruiz-Dodobara, F, Ritchie, KL, Michalak, NM, Blake, KR, White, D, Gordon-Finlayson, AR, Anne, M, Janssen, SMJ, Lee, KM, Nielsen, TK, Tamnes, CK, Zickfeld, JH, Dalla Rosa, A, Vianello, M, Kocsor, F, Kozma, L, Putz, A, Tressoldi, P, Irrazabal, N, Chatard, A, Lins, S, Pinto, IR, Lutz, J, Adamkovic, M, Babincak, P, Banik, G, Ropovik, I, Coetzee, V, Dixson, BJW, Ribeiro, G, Peters, K, Steffens, NK, Tan, KW, Thorstenson, CA, Fernandez, AM, Hsu, RMCS, Valentova, JV, Varella, MAC, Corral-Frias, NS, Frias-Armenta, M, Hatami, J, Monajem, A, Sharifian, M, Frohlich, B, Lin, H, Inzlicht, M, Alaei, R, Rule, NO, Lamm, C, Pronizius, E, Voracek, M, Olsen, J, Mac Giolla, E, Akgoz, A, Ozdokru, AA, Crawford, MT, Bennett-Day, B, Koehn, MA, Okan, C, Gill, T, Miller, JK, Dunham, Y, Yang, X, Alper, S, Borras-Guevara, ML, Cai, SJ, Tiantian, D, Danvers, AF, Feinberg, DR, Armstrong, MM, Gilboa-Schechtman, E, McCarthy, RJ, Munoz-Reyes, JA, Polo, P, Shiramazu, VKM, Yan, W-J, Carvalho, L, Forscher, PS, Chartier, CR, and Coles, NA

Abstract

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .

Published
2021

12. A simplified, cost- and time-effective procedure for genotyping pearl millet in resource-limited laboratories

Author

Gulia, SK, Singh, B, and Wilson, JP

Subjects
Pearl millet, DNA extraction, genotyping, mapping population, SSR markers, cluster analysis
Abstract

Procedures for DNA extraction and genotyping of large plant populations are cumbersome and expensive for resource-limited laboratories. Through eliminating or changing several steps used in DNA extraction, PCR amplification and PAGE electrophoresis in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], we developed a modified procedure that reduced the cost of consumables and required less time without compromising data quality. In the revised procedure, DNA was extracted by incubating 0.5 - 0.7 g ground young leaf tissue in 2% CTAB/-mercaptoethanol followed by refrigerated differential centrifugations with phenol:chloroform:isoamylalcohol. Steps such as additional phenol/chloroform treatments, DNA pellet drying followed by RNase treatments and incubation were eliminated, reducing use of costly and corrosive chemicals and saving time. DNA produced from 174 genotypes exhibited an average concentration of 640 ng/ìL and average optical density ratio of 1.9. PCR amplification of SSR markers with this DNA produced clear and scorable bands following ethidium bromide stained agarose and silver stained polyacrylamide gel eletcrophoresis. Post PCR duplexing of two or more microsatellites based on different lengths of base pairs reduced the time and cost per unit data generation by up to half as compared to single marker per PAGE. Cluster analysis performed on the marker data generated 11 SSR primers following these procedures formed two main groups from genotypes of the U.S. origin. In summary, the procedures reported are simplified, shortened and economical and well suited for resource limited laboratories engaged in molecular breeding requiring large volume of genotyping.

Published
2012

18. Laparoscopy in the evaluation and treatment of patients with AIDS and acute abdominal complaints

Author

G. W. Lucas, D. Melton, J. C. Box, Titus Duncan, E. M. Mason, Bruce Ramshaw, Wilson Jp, and J. G. Tucker

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, heterocyclic compounds, Complication rate, Laparoscopy, Abdomen, Acute, Aids patients, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Hepatology, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Surgery, Endoscopy, carbohydrates (lipids), medicine.anatomical_structure, Evaluation Studies as Topic, bacteria, Abdomen, Female, Safety, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract

The evaluation of AIDS patients with acute abdominal complaints (AAC) is quite difficult, and surgical intervention is associated with a high complication rate. The intent of this study is to evaluate the application of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of AIDS patients with AAC.This is a retrospective analysis of 10 consecutive AIDS patients who presented with AAC. Each had evaluation by a surgical team with subsequent laparoscopic intervention. The charts were reviewed for age, sex, time with AIDS, AIDS comorbidities, evaluation modalities, findings, treatment modalities, and outcome.Laparoscopy resulted in the successful surgical treatment of four patients, diagnosis of medically treatable conditions in four patients, and alteration of the incision site in the remaining two patients. Each patient thus received direct benefit from laparoscopy. Two complications, in the converted patients, and no mortalities were encountered.Laparoscopy is a safe and effective interventional modality in the diagnosis and treatment of AAC in the AIDS patient.

Published
1997

19. Current therapy for Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1: Report of a world registry

Author

vanderVeere, CN, Sinaasappel, M, McDonagh, AF, Rosenthal, P, Labrune, P, Odievre, M, Fevery, J, Otte, JB, McClean, P, Burk, G, Masakowski, [No Value], Sperl, W, Mowat, AP, Vergani, CM, Wilson, JP, Shepherd, R, and Jansen, PLM

Subjects
UGT1 GENE-COMPLEX, UNCONJUGATED HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, NONHEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE, BILIRUBIN-UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE, SYNDROME TYPE-I, URIDINE-DIPHOSPHATE-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE, GILBERTS-SYNDROME, LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION, PATIENT, DISEASE
Abstract

This study represents a multicenter survey on the management of patients with Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS) type 1. The aim of the survey was to find guiding principles for physicians in the care of these patients, Fifty-seven patients were included, At the time of inclusion, 21 patients had received a liver transplant (37%). The average age at transplantation was 9.1 +/- 6.9 years (range, 1-23 years); the age of the patients who had not been transplanted at the time of inclusion was 6.9 +/- 6.0 years (range, 0-23 years), Brain damage had developed in 15 patients (26%), Five patients died, and 10 are alive with some degree of mental or physical handicap, Ln 2 patients, ages 22 and 23 years, early signs of bilirubin encephalopathy could be reversed, in 1 by prompt medical intervention followed by liver transplantation and in the other by prompt liver transplantation. Seven patients underwent transplantation with some degree of brain damage at the time of the surgery; 1 of these died after retransplantation, 2 improved neurologically, and 4 remained neurologically impaired, The age of 8 patients with and 13 without brain damage at or before transplantation was 14.3 +/- 5.9 and 5.9 +/- 5.4 years (P

Published
1996

31. Current therapy for Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1: Report of a world registry

Author

UCL - MD/CHIR - Département de chirurgie, vanderVeere, CN, Otte, Jean-Bernard, Sinaasappel, M, McDonagh, AF, Rosenthal, P, Labrune, P, Odievre, M, Fevery, J., McClean, P, Burk, G, Masakowski, V, Sperl, W, Mowat, AP., Vergani, CM, Heller, K, Wilson, JP, Shepherd, R, Jansen, PLM, UCL - MD/CHIR - Département de chirurgie, vanderVeere, CN, Otte, Jean-Bernard, Sinaasappel, M, McDonagh, AF, Rosenthal, P, Labrune, P, Odievre, M, Fevery, J., McClean, P, Burk, G, Masakowski, V, Sperl, W, Mowat, AP., Vergani, CM, Heller, K, Wilson, JP, Shepherd, R, and Jansen, PLM

Abstract

This study represents a multicenter survey on the management of patients with Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS) type 1. The aim of the survey was to find guiding principles for physicians in the care of these patients, Fifty-seven patients were included, At the time of inclusion, 21 patients had received a liver transplant (37%). The average age at transplantation was 9.1 +/- 6.9 years (range, 1-23 years); the age of the patients who had not been transplanted at the time of inclusion was 6.9 +/- 6.0 years (range, 0-23 years), Brain damage had developed in 15 patients (26%), Five patients died, and 10 are alive with some degree of mental or physical handicap, Ln 2 patients, ages 22 and 23 years, early signs of bilirubin encephalopathy could be reversed, in 1 by prompt medical intervention followed by liver transplantation and in the other by prompt liver transplantation. Seven patients underwent transplantation with some degree of brain damage at the time of the surgery; 1 of these died after retransplantation, 2 improved neurologically, and 4 remained neurologically impaired, The age of 8 patients with and 13 without brain damage at or before transplantation was 14.3 +/- 5.9 and 5.9 +/- 5.4 years (P < .01), respectively, Therapy of CNS type 1 consists of phototherapy (12 h/d), followed by liver transplantation. Phototherapy, although initially very effective, is socially inconvenient and becomes less efficient in the older age group, thus also decreasing compliance, Currently, liver transplantation is the only effective therapy, This survey shows that, in a significant number of patients, liver transplantation is performed after some form of brain damage has already occurred. From this, one must conclude that Liver transplantation should be performed at a young age, particularly in situations in which reliable administration of phototherapy cannot be guaranteed.

Published
1996

37. Effectiveness of research training workshop taught by traditional and video-teleconference methods in a developing country [corrected] [published erratum appears in GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2010 Jan;5(1):113].

Author

Dodani S, Kazmi KA, Laporte RE, and Wilson JP

Abstract

The developing countries are currently facing a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Physician-scientists, trained in patient care and research skills are crucial in performing cutting-edge clinical research in the developing countries. A major unmet challenge has been the lack of local expertise and the increasing problem of 'brain drain'. The current study was an effort to present and assess a model of research training to health-care professionals in Pakistan in order to increase the research skills. The objective of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of two different methods of research training. An epidemiologic research training workshop was offered to health-care professionals in Pakistan by face-to-face (F2F) and video-teleconferencing (VTC) methods. A total of 38 F2F and 18 VTC participants were included in the workshop which was conducted by research faculty from the University of Pittsburgh. To assess knowledge, pre- and post-test were done. Within each group, paired sample T-test showed significant improvement in scores after the completion of workshop (p<0.001 for F2F and VTC). In the F2F group, mean scores increased from 11.13 (pre-test) to 15.08 (post-test) and in the VTC group, scores increased from 10.67 (pre-test) to 13.22 (post-test). Two sample T-test was found statistically significant (p<0.001). We present a model for training physicians in public health by providing in-house research skills training which can be used to strengthen the local capacity and reduce increasing problems of brain drain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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40. Postraumatic shame and guilt.

Author

Wilson JP, Drozdek B, and Turkovic S

Abstract

Posttraumatic shame and guilt are important dimensions of posttraumatic syndromes, including simple and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The concepts of posttraumatic shame and guilt have received little theoretical or empirical investigation in the field of traumatology. It is proposed that there are acute and prolonged states of posttraumatic shame and guilt that can be compared in their consequences across eight psychosocial dimensions: (a) self-attribution processes, (b) emotional states and capacity for affect regulation, (c) appraisal and interpretation of actions, (d) the impact of states of shame and guilt on personal identity, (e) suicidality, (f) defensive patterns, (g) proneness to psychopathology and PTSD, and (h) the dimensions of the self-structure adversely affected by states of posttraumatic shame and guilt. The experience of posttraumatic states of shame and guilt are associated with compounded affective processesin PTSD, depression, and substance use disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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41. Physician specialty associated with antipsychotic prescribing for youths in the Texas Medicaid program.

Author

Patel NC, Crismon ML, Hoagwood K, Johnsrud MT, Rascati KL, Wilson JP, Patel, Nick C, Crismon, M Lynn, Hoagwood, Kimberly, Johnsrud, Michael T, Rascati, Karen L, and Wilson, James P

Abstract

Background/objective: The use of antipsychotics in children and adolescents in the Texas Medicaid program has increased with the introduction of newer atypical antipsychotics. The purpose of this study was to examine physician specialty associated with antipsychotic prescribing from 1996 to 2001.Methods: All antipsychotic prescription claims records for children and adolescents younger than the age of 20 years from 1996 to 2001 were extracted from the Texas Medicaid Drug Vendor prescription database. Physician specialty associated with youths receiving all, atypical, and conventional antipsychotic prescriptions was examined for time trends. Physician specialty categories included psychiatry, primary care, neurology, other, and unspecified.Results: Psychiatrists accounted for more than 80% of youths receiving antipsychotic prescriptions from 1996 to 2001. The proportion of youths receiving antipsychotic prescriptions from primary care physicians remained fairly steady over the course of time (1996: 19%; 2001: 16%). The number of youths prescribed conventional antipsychotics decreased in all specialty groups, whereas the number prescribed atypical antipsychotic prescriptions increased dramatically.Conclusions: Although the majority of children and adolescents in the Texas Medicaid program were prescribed antipsychotics by psychiatrists and child and adolescent psychiatrists, youths may often receive treatment within the primary care setting. Future research is necessary to evaluate patient outcomes associated with antipsychotic treatment across different treatment settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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42. A review of the history of traumatic stress studies in Japan: from traumatic neurosis to PTSD.

Author

Goto T and Wilson JP

Abstract

Based on available literature, this review article investigates traumatic stress studies in Japan from the late 19th century to the present for English speaking audiences. First, traumatic neuroses of war victims, A-bomb survivors, and victims of work-related accidents are discussed. Second, traumatic stress studies of victims of other manmade disasters, such as the sarin gas attacks in Tokyo, domestic violence, and burn injuries. Third, psychological outcomes of natural disaster studies are discussed in relation to social support and help-seeking tendencies of Japan disaster victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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43. Ask not for whom the bell tolls: controversy in post-traumatic stress disorder treatment outcome findings for war veterans.

Author

Scurfield RM and Wilson JP

Abstract

This article reviews and analyzes two national studies of the efficacy of treatment for war veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A careful analysis of the studies conducted by the Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) Northeast Program Evaluation Center (NEPEC) reveals conceptual, methodological, and design flaws in the research, which reports minimal treatment efficacy for PTSD. Based on this limited, if not biased, data, the results were used for policy purposes to dismantle inpatient PTSD hospital units and trauma-focus treatments. A critique is offered as a review to suggest how future studies might be conducted, designed, and evaluated, including the need for independent, 'outside' peer reviews inasmuch as the issue of treatment outcomes generalizes to many nonmilitary populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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44. Achieving blood pressure control in patients with diabetes: a case study in primary care.

Author

Wessell AM, Ornstein SM, Nietert PJ, Wilson JP, and Brooks A

Abstract

This article presents a case study from a primary care practice that achieves blood pressure control (ie, less than 130/85 mm Hg) in a majority of patients with diabetes. Fifty-three percent of the last blood pressures measured in 2001 were controlled and 38% of patients achieved blood pressure control without medications or with a single agent. Blood pressure control is achieved in a majority of patients in this practice secondary to their focus on guidelines, involvement of nursing staff in case management, and medication use consistent with recommendations. Copyright © 2003 by Aspen Publishers, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003

45. Axillofemoral and Femorofemoral Bypass Grafts: Safe Surgical Alternatives in Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease

Author

Paul E. Stanton, Letton Ah, Wilson Jp, and Lamis Pa

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Femorofemoral bypass, business.industry, Angiography, Aortoiliac occlusive disease, Arterial Occlusive Diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Iliac Artery, Surgery, Femoral Artery, Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical, Axillary Artery, Humans, Medicine, Female, business, Aorta, Aged
Published
1973
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47. The value of breast screening in women less than fifty years of age

Author

A. Hamblin Letton, Wilson Jp, and E. M. Mason

Subjects
Gynecology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Obstetrics, business.industry, Cancer, medicine.disease, Asymptomatic, Xeromammography, Increased risk, Breast cancer, Oncology, medicine, Breast screening, medicine.symptom, business, Survival rate, Cause of death
Abstract

In the four years our Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project has been receiving patients, 5,810 women under the age of fifty have been examined. Our findings definitely indicate screening of asymptomatic women by xeromammography is of advantage in this group whose greatest cause of death is cancer of the breast; 71.8% of their cancers were found by xeromammography. Of these 43.8% had in situ cancer and only 12.5% of those cancers found had axillary spread. This group should have a five-year cure rate of 87.1% rather than 63% as is the experience of unscreened women. The absorbed rads averaged 0.4632 to each breast per year. At the end of five years this would cause an estimated increase in risk from 7% to 7.162%. To increase survival rate by 24.1% against a theoretical increased risk of 0.16% is definitely worthwhile.

Published
1977
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48. Perforation of arteriosclerotic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava

Author

Paul E. Stanton, Letton Ah, Lamis Pa, and Wilson Jp

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Arteriosclerosis, Perforation (oil well), Vena Cava, Inferior, Inferior vena cava, Iliac Artery, Catheterization, Aneurysm, Postoperative Complications, medicine, Methods, Humans, Aged, Rupture, Spontaneous, business.industry, Suture Techniques, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Surgery, Blood Vessel Prosthesis, Radiography, medicine.vein, Arteriovenous Fistula, business
Published
1974

49. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID

Author

Letton Ah and Wilson Jp

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, General surgery, Thyroid, Carcinoma, Thyroidectomy, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Carcinoma, Papillary, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Humans, Thyroid Neoplasms, business
Published
1963

50. To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

Author

Jones, BC, DeBruine, LM, Flake, JK, Liuzza, MT, Antfolk, J, Arinze, NC, Ndukaihe, ILG, Bloxsom, NG, Lewis, SC, Foroni, F, Willis, ML, Cubillas, CP, Vadillo, MA, Turiegano, E, Gilead, M, Simchon, A, Saribay, SA, Owsley, NC, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Calvillo, DP, Wlodarczyk, A, Qi, Y, Ariyabuddhiphongs, K, Jarukasemthawee, S, Manley, H, Suavansri, P, Taephant, N, Stolier, RM, Evans, TR, Bonick, J, Lindemans, JW, Ashworth, LF, Hahn, AC, Chevallier, C, Kapucu, A, Karaaslan, A, Leongómez, JD, Sánchez, OR, Valderrama, E, Vásquez-Amézquita, M, Hajdu, N, Aczel, B, Szecsi, P, Andreychik, M, Musser, ED, Batres, C, Hu, CP, Liu, QL, Legate, N, Vaughn, LA, Barzykowski, K, Golik, K, Schmid, I, Stieger, S, Artner, R, Mues, C, Vanpaemel, W, Jiang, Z, Wu, Q, Marcu, GM, Stephen, Ian D., Lu, JG, Philipp, MC, Arnal, JD, Hehman, E, Xie, SY, Chopik, WJ, Seehuus, M, Azouaghe, S, Belhaj, A, Elouafa, J, Wilson, JP, Kruse, E, Papadatou-Pastou, M, De La Rosa-Gómez, A, Barba-Sánchez, AE, González-Santoyo, I, Hsu, T, Kung, CC, Wang, HH, Freeman, JB, Oh, DW, Schei, V, Sverdrup, TE, Levitan, CA, Cook, CL, Chandel, P, Kujur, P, Parganiha, A, Parveen, N, Pati, AK, Pradhan, S, Singh, MM, Pande, B, Bavolar, J, Kačmár, P, Zakharov, I, Álvarez-Solas, S, Baskin, E, Thirkettle, M, Schmidt, K, Christopherson, CD, Leonis, T, Suchow, JW, Olofsson, JK, Jernsäther, T, Lee, AS, Beaudry, JL, Gogan, TD, Oldmeadow, JA, Balas, B, Stevens, LM, Colloff, MF, Flowe, HD, Gülgöz, S, Brandt, MJ, Hoyer, K, Jaeger, B, Ren, D, Sleegers, WWA, Wissink, J, Kaminski, G, Floerke, VA, Urry, HL, Chen, SC, Pfuhl, G, Vally, Z, Basnight-Brown, DM, Jzerman, HI, Sarda, E, Neyroud, L, Badidi, T, Van der Linden, N, Tan, CBY, Kovic, V, Sampaio, W, Ferreira, P, Santos, D, Burin, DI, Gardiner, G, Protzko, J, Schild, C, Ścigała, KA, Zettler, I, O'Mara Kunz, EM, Storage, D, Wagemans, FMA, Saunders, B, Sirota, M, Sloane, GV, Lima, TJS, Uittenhove, K, Vergauwe, E, Jaworska, K, Stern, J, Ask, K, van Zyl, CJJ, Körner, A, Weissgerber, SC, Boudesseul, J, Ruiz-Dodobara, F, Ritchie, KL, Michalak, NM, Blake, KR, White, D, Gordon-Finlayson, AR, Anne, M, Janssen, SMJ, Lee, KM, Nielsen, TK, Tamnes, CK, Zickfeld, JH, Rosa, AD, Vianello, M, Kocsor, F, Kozma, L, Putz, Á, Tressoldi, P, Irrazabal, N, Chatard, A, Lins, S, Pinto, IR, Lutz, J, Adamkovic, M, Babincak, P, Baník, G, Ropovik, I, Coetzee, V, Dixson, BJW, Ribeiro, G, Peters, K, Steffens, NK, Tan, KW, Thorstenson, CA, Fernandez, AM, Hsu, R, Valentova, JV, Varella, MAC, Corral-Frías, NS, Frías-Armenta, M, Hatami, J, Monajem, A, Sharifian, M, Frohlich, B, Lin, H, Inzlicht, M, Alaei, R, Rule, NO, Lamm, C, Pronizius, E, Voracek, M, Olsen, J, Giolla, EM, Akgoz, A, Özdoğru, AA, Crawford, MT, Bennett-Day, B, Koehn, MA, Okan, C, Gill, T, Miller, JK, Dunham, Y, Yang, X, Alper, S, Borras-Guevara, ML, Cai, SJ, Tiantian, D, Danvers, AF, Feinberg, DR, Armstrong, MM, Gilboa-Schechtman, E, McCarthy, RJ, Muñoz-Reyes, JA, Polo, P, Shiramazu, VKM, Yan, WJ, Carvalho, L, Forscher, PS, Chartier, CR, Coles, NA, Jones, BC, DeBruine, LM, Flake, JK, Liuzza, MT, Antfolk, J, Arinze, NC, Ndukaihe, ILG, Bloxsom, NG, Lewis, SC, Foroni, F, Willis, ML, Cubillas, CP, Vadillo, MA, Turiegano, E, Gilead, M, Simchon, A, Saribay, SA, Owsley, NC, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Calvillo, DP, Wlodarczyk, A, Qi, Y, Ariyabuddhiphongs, K, Jarukasemthawee, S, Manley, H, Suavansri, P, Taephant, N, Stolier, RM, Evans, TR, Bonick, J, Lindemans, JW, Ashworth, LF, Hahn, AC, Chevallier, C, Kapucu, A, Karaaslan, A, Leongómez, JD, Sánchez, OR, Valderrama, E, Vásquez-Amézquita, M, Hajdu, N, Aczel, B, Szecsi, P, Andreychik, M, Musser, ED, Batres, C, Hu, CP, Liu, QL, Legate, N, Vaughn, LA, Barzykowski, K, Golik, K, Schmid, I, Stieger, S, Artner, R, Mues, C, Vanpaemel, W, Jiang, Z, Wu, Q, Marcu, GM, Stephen, Ian D., Lu, JG, Philipp, MC, Arnal, JD, Hehman, E, Xie, SY, Chopik, WJ, Seehuus, M, Azouaghe, S, Belhaj, A, Elouafa, J, Wilson, JP, Kruse, E, Papadatou-Pastou, M, De La Rosa-Gómez, A, Barba-Sánchez, AE, González-Santoyo, I, Hsu, T, Kung, CC, Wang, HH, Freeman, JB, Oh, DW, Schei, V, Sverdrup, TE, Levitan, CA, Cook, CL, Chandel, P, Kujur, P, Parganiha, A, Parveen, N, Pati, AK, Pradhan, S, Singh, MM, Pande, B, Bavolar, J, Kačmár, P, Zakharov, I, Álvarez-Solas, S, Baskin, E, Thirkettle, M, Schmidt, K, Christopherson, CD, Leonis, T, Suchow, JW, Olofsson, JK, Jernsäther, T, Lee, AS, Beaudry, JL, Gogan, TD, Oldmeadow, JA, Balas, B, Stevens, LM, Colloff, MF, Flowe, HD, Gülgöz, S, Brandt, MJ, Hoyer, K, Jaeger, B, Ren, D, Sleegers, WWA, Wissink, J, Kaminski, G, Floerke, VA, Urry, HL, Chen, SC, Pfuhl, G, Vally, Z, Basnight-Brown, DM, Jzerman, HI, Sarda, E, Neyroud, L, Badidi, T, Van der Linden, N, Tan, CBY, Kovic, V, Sampaio, W, Ferreira, P, Santos, D, Burin, DI, Gardiner, G, Protzko, J, Schild, C, Ścigała, KA, Zettler, I, O'Mara Kunz, EM, Storage, D, Wagemans, FMA, Saunders, B, Sirota, M, Sloane, GV, Lima, TJS, Uittenhove, K, Vergauwe, E, Jaworska, K, Stern, J, Ask, K, van Zyl, CJJ, Körner, A, Weissgerber, SC, Boudesseul, J, Ruiz-Dodobara, F, Ritchie, KL, Michalak, NM, Blake, KR, White, D, Gordon-Finlayson, AR, Anne, M, Janssen, SMJ, Lee, KM, Nielsen, TK, Tamnes, CK, Zickfeld, JH, Rosa, AD, Vianello, M, Kocsor, F, Kozma, L, Putz, Á, Tressoldi, P, Irrazabal, N, Chatard, A, Lins, S, Pinto, IR, Lutz, J, Adamkovic, M, Babincak, P, Baník, G, Ropovik, I, Coetzee, V, Dixson, BJW, Ribeiro, G, Peters, K, Steffens, NK, Tan, KW, Thorstenson, CA, Fernandez, AM, Hsu, R, Valentova, JV, Varella, MAC, Corral-Frías, NS, Frías-Armenta, M, Hatami, J, Monajem, A, Sharifian, M, Frohlich, B, Lin, H, Inzlicht, M, Alaei, R, Rule, NO, Lamm, C, Pronizius, E, Voracek, M, Olsen, J, Giolla, EM, Akgoz, A, Özdoğru, AA, Crawford, MT, Bennett-Day, B, Koehn, MA, Okan, C, Gill, T, Miller, JK, Dunham, Y, Yang, X, Alper, S, Borras-Guevara, ML, Cai, SJ, Tiantian, D, Danvers, AF, Feinberg, DR, Armstrong, MM, Gilboa-Schechtman, E, McCarthy, RJ, Muñoz-Reyes, JA, Polo, P, Shiramazu, VKM, Yan, WJ, Carvalho, L, Forscher, PS, Chartier, CR, and Coles, NA

Abstract

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .

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