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Many dogs in private practice undergo ovariohysterectomy (OHE) without analgesics. The purpose of this study was to determine if intraperitoneal (IP) and subcutaneous (SQ) lidocaine or bupivacaine provide analgesia following OHE. Thirty dogs presenting to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for elective OHE were included in the study. All dogs were pre-medicated with acepromazine and butorphanol IM, induced with thiopental, and maintained with isoflurane. Dogs were randomly assigned to three groups: 10 received 8.8 mg kg-1 2% lidocaine with epinephrine IP (LID), 10 received 2.2 mg kg-1 0.75% bupivacaine IP (BUP), and 10 received 0.9% saline IP (SAL) upon completion of OHE. All IP doses were standardized to 0.88 mL kg-1 with saline. An additional 2 mL of the assigned solution was placed SC as a splash block prior to incisional closure. Dogs were scored at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 18 hours post-extubation by one observer blinded to treatment status. Dogs were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and sedation, and a scoring system that included physiologic and behavioral variables. Dogs were given supplemental analgesia with 0.22 mg kg-1 butorphanol ± acepromazine if their VAS (pain) score was >50. Parametric variables were analyzed using Student's t -test or Repeated Measures anova as appropriate. Nonparametric variables were analyzed by χ2 -test. There were no significant differences in age, weight, incision length, surgery time, anesthesia time, or total thiopental dose between groups. Peak pain scores for all groups occurred at 0.5 hour and returned to baseline by 18 hours. Dogs in the BUP group had significantly lower pain scores at 0.5 hour than did dogs in the SAL group. Seven out of 10 dogs in the SAL group, 4 out of 10 dogs in the LID group, and 2 out of 10 dogs in the BUP group were given supplemental analgesia. No adverse side-effects were observed. Our findings supported the use of IP and SC bupivacaine for post-operative analgesia following OHE in the dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjective To assess the effectiveness of a detomidine infusion technique to provide standing chemical restraint in the horse. Design Retrospective study. Animals Fifty-one adult horses aged 9.5 ± 6.9 years (range 1–23 years) and weighing 575 ± 290.3 kg. Methods Records of horses presented to our clinic over a 3-year period in which a detomidine infusion was used to provide standing chemical restraint were reviewed. Information relating to the types of procedure performed, duration of infusion, drug dosages and adjunct drugs administered was retrieved. Results Detomidine was administered as an initial bolus loading dose (mean ± SD) of 7.5 ± 1.87 µg kg-1 . The initial infusion rate was 0.6 µg kg-1 minute-1 , and this was halved every 15 minutes. The duration of the infusion ranged from 20 to 135 minutes. Twenty horses received additional detomidine or butorphanol during the procedure. All horses undergoing surgery received local anesthesia or epidural analgesia in addition to the detomidine infusion. A wide variety of procedures were performed in these horses. Conclusions Detomidine administered by infusion provides prolonged periods of chemical restraint in standing horses. Supplemental sedatives or analgesics may be needed in horses undergoing surgery. Clinical relevance An effective method that provides prolonged periods of chemical restraint in standing horses is described. The infusion alone did not provide sufficient analgesia for surgery and a significant proportion of animals required supplemental sedatives and analgesics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]