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8. Citizen Science, Health, and Environmental Justice

Author

Ceccaroni, Luigi, Woods, Sasha M., Sprinks, James, Wilson, Sacoby, Faustman, Elaine M., Bonn, Aletta, Greshake Tzovaras, Bastian, Subirats, Laia, Kimura, Aya H., Vohland, Katrin, editor, Land-Zandstra, Anne, editor, Ceccaroni, Luigi, editor, Lemmens, Rob, editor, Perelló, Josep, editor, Ponti, Marisa, editor, Samson, Roeland, editor, and Wagenknecht, Katherin, editor

Published
2021
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11. Promoting Environmental Justice Through a Community-Based Participatory Research Framework: Characterizing Risks Associated with Living in Uniontown, Alabama.

Author

Ravichandran, Vivek, Albert, Rose, Archer, Jan-Michael, Aiyar, Lalitha, Aponte, David, Hu, Rose, White, Abraham, Thompson, Julia, Wilson, Sacoby, Calhoun, Esther, and Eaton, Ben

Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL racism, AIR pollution monitoring, ENVIRONMENTAL research, AIR quality monitoring, COMMUNITY-based participatory research
Abstract

Uniontown, Alabama, has been suffering from a differential burden of air pollution due to two distinct sources: the Arrowhead Landfill and the Southeastern Cheese Corporation cheese manufacturing plant. Community members throughout Uniontown have long complained of poor health conditions such as nausea, headaches, sleep deprivation, and reduced quality of life associated with the local activities of these facilities. Ongoing community efforts to address these issues via lawsuits and other litigative action have been unsuccessful. Further, corrupt practices documented within the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) have perpetrated environmental racism and environmental slavery, generating a critical need for a community-based intervention. In fall 2018, we formed a community–university partnership with the Black Belt Citizens Fighting for Health and Justice (BBC) to provide technical assistance to local residents. We conducted community science training on ambient air pollution monitoring and personal exposure monitoring during meetings at BBC offices, churches, and other venues in the community. Using the community-based participatory research framework, we "inpowered" residents through citizen science training and research on air quality monitoring and documented baseline PM2.5 concentrations for assessing the effectiveness of future mitigative efforts that can be taken by ADEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. 20 Years of Environmental Injustice and the Mississippi Hog Industry: Spatial and Statistical Analyses for Low-Wealth Communities and Communities of Color.

Author

Hall, Jonathan, Khanjar, Niya, Seyoum, Getahun, Ravichandran, Vivek, Galarraga, Joseph, Garg, Anushi, Casteel, Rachel, and Wilson, Sacoby

Subjects
FACTORY farms, PEOPLE of color, AMERICAN Community Survey, SWINE, ANIMAL welfare, STATISTICS
Abstract

Background: The industrialization and consolidation of the animal agriculture industry has led to the rise of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). CAFOs and their runoff have been linked to deleterious effects on environmental and human health. A previous study demonstrated that hog CAFOs were disproportionately sited within or near low-wealth communities and communities of color, raising environmental justice concerns. This study aimed at replicated prior methods to assess whether environmental injustices that were identified nearly 20 years ago have been adequately addressed through policy and/or other mechanisms. Methods: CAFO data, including facility size and manure generation, were taken from the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality. Buffer analysis was conducted using CAFO data and block-group sociodemographic data from the 2018 5-year American Community Survey to measure CAFO proximity to communities of concern (low-wealth, communities of color). Statistical analyses (quintile analysis, prevalence ratios, negative binomial regression, spearman correlation assessments) were utilized to measure the correlation between CAFO presence and sociodemographics. Results: The CAFOs in Mississippi were located in block groups that have an average or greater African American population compared with the state. The highest number of hog CAFOs were within block groups with 15.9%–36.9% of people below the poverty line. Conclusion: Race and socioeconomic status could be factors in determining the likelihood of living near a hog CAFO in Mississippi, yet these analyses did not demonstrate a positive correlation between race, socioeconomic status, and the presence of CAFOs. Considering the potential harm that hog CAFOs pose to low-wealth populations and communities of color, policy recommendations include a moratorium on expansion; phasing out the largest CAFOs in the state; and stricter enforcement of environmental protections with regards to animal agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. New Approaches to Facilitate Learning from Youth: Exploring the Use of Photovoice in Identifying Local Watershed Issues

Author

Chanse, Victoria, Mohamed, Amina, Wilson, Sacoby, Dalemarre, Laura, Leisnham, Paul T., Rockler, Amanda, Shirmohammadi, Adel, and Montas, Hubert

Abstract

In urbanized areas, incorporating residents' concerns and priorities into the stormwater management debate has focused on adults rather than youth. This study used Photovoice, a tool that includes photographs taken by youth, to uncover youth concerns and perceptions about their local watersheds. This study consisted of a comparative study of two watersheds. Twenty students produced 468 photographs. Although both groups of students shared common themes regarding stormwater and pollution, these themes differed in level of concerns over local environmental issues, sentiments with particular features in their local watersheds, and concerns about local watersheds. From a methodological perspective, Photovoice provided a way of capturing youth perspectives and to identify important features and issues in their respective local watersheds.

Published
2017
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28. Mapping for Whom? Communities of Color and the Citizen Science Gap

Author

Mahmoudi, Dillon, Hawn, Chris L., Henry, Erica H., Perkins, Deja J., Cooper, Caren B., and Wilson, Sacoby M.

Subjects
Participatory science, Racial justice, Volunteered geographic information, Political ecology, Critical GIS
Abstract

Citizen science harnesses the power of nonscientist observations, often resulting in a vast network of data. Such projects have potential to democratize science by involving the public. Yet participants are mostly white, affluent, and well-educated, participants that contribute data from their residence or places they frequent. The geography of the United States is heavily segregated along lines of race and class. Using a Census Tract-level hurdle model, we test the relationship between the locations of the rain gauges from the citizen science project Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) with continuous variables for percent non-Hispanic white and median household income. We find whiter and more affluent Census Tracts are significantly more likely to have a rain gauge. The highly localized nature of precipitation combined with the uneven geography of storm-water infrastructure make data missing from citizen science projects like CoCoRaHS of vital importance to the project’s goals. We warn that scientific knowledge created from citizen science projects may produce scientific knowledge in service of wealthy, whiter communities at the expense of both communities of color and low-income communities.

Published
2022
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31. Moving Up the Ladder in Rising Waters: Community Science in Infrastructure and Hazard Mitigation Planning as a Pathway to Community Control and Flood Disaster Resilience

Author

Hendricks, Marccus D., Hendricks, Marccus D., Meyer, Michelle A., Wilson, Sacoby M., Hendricks, Marccus D., Hendricks, Marccus D., Meyer, Michelle A., and Wilson, Sacoby M.

Abstract

Public participation is the democratic gateway to more just, inclusive, and resilient communities. However, infrastructure and hazard mitigation planning tends toward top-down, expert-driven processes that fail to meaningfully include communities most at risk of disasters. In this article, we critically examine the potential of citizen science in infrastructure and hazard mitigation planning with a focus on stormwater infrastructure and extreme wet-weather events, as floods are the most common disaster in the US. We review literature on various citizen science approaches, from crowdsourcing to community science, and offer a framework that situates them within Sherry Arnstein’s foundational piece on public participation, a “Ladder of Citizen Participation.” We discuss the opportunities different participatory methods offer for meaningful public involvement, knowledge generation, and ultimately community control and ownership of stormwater and flood infrastructure. We provide case study examples across the US of how public works departments, emergency management, and related organizations have engaged communities around hazard risks and flooding challenges, and offer recommendations for how these programs can be improved. We conclude that in order to produce data needed to mitigate flood disasters and increase trust and public interest in infrastructure needs, civic participation should be grounded in community science, utilizing a multimedia and technological platform. The methods applied and data generated can be leveraged toward public safety, and provide voice, agency, and power particularly to disenfranchised communities most at risk from current hazards and looming climate change impacts.

Published
2022

36. Citizen Science, Health, and Environmental Justice

Author

Ceccaroni, Luigi, Woods, Sasha M., Sprinks, James, Wilson, Sacoby, Faustman, Elaine M., Bonn, Aletta, Greshake Tzovaras, Bastian, Subirats, Laia, and Kimura, Aya H.

Subjects
Controversies, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, Review, Social responsibility, Article
Abstract

This chapter considers the interface of citizen science, health, and environmental justice. We review citizen science research undertaken by civic educators, scientists, and communities that aims to broaden scientific knowledge and encourage democratic engagement and, more specifically, to address complex problems related to public health and the environment. We provide a review of the current state of existing citizen science projects and examine how citizen science, health, and environmental justice impact each other, both positively and negatively. Specific challenges that relate to these projects are discussed, especially those that are not obvious or applicable to more traditional citizen science projects.

Published
2020

37. Environmental Injustice and Industrial Chicken Farming in Delaware

Author

Galarraga, Joseph, primary, Khanjar, Niya, additional, Berman, Isabelle, additional, Hall, Jonanthan, additional, Edwards, Camryn, additional, Bara-Garcia, Samuel, additional, Bodenreider, Coline, additional, Khan, Summer, additional, White, Abraham, additional, Kavi, Lucy, additional, and Wilson, Sacoby, additional

Published
2021
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41. Inclusion in citizen science:The conundrum of rebranding

Author

Cooper, Caren B., Hawn, Chris L., Larson, Lincoln R., Parrish, Julia K., Bowser, Gillian, Cavalier, Darlene, Dunn, Robert R., Haklay, Mordechai, Gupta, Kaberi Kar, Jelks, Na'Taki Osborne, Johnson, Valerie A., Katti, Madhusudan, Leggett, Zakiya, Wilson, Omega R., Wilson, Sacoby, Cooper, Caren B., Hawn, Chris L., Larson, Lincoln R., Parrish, Julia K., Bowser, Gillian, Cavalier, Darlene, Dunn, Robert R., Haklay, Mordechai, Gupta, Kaberi Kar, Jelks, Na'Taki Osborne, Johnson, Valerie A., Katti, Madhusudan, Leggett, Zakiya, Wilson, Omega R., and Wilson, Sacoby

Published
2021

42. Inclusion in citizen science: The conundrum of rebranding

Author

Cooper, Caren B., primary, Hawn, Chris L., additional, Larson, Lincoln R., additional, Parrish, Julia K., additional, Bowser, Gillian, additional, Cavalier, Darlene, additional, Dunn, Robert R., additional, Haklay, Mordechai (Muki), additional, Gupta, Kaberi Kar, additional, Jelks, Na'Taki Osborne, additional, Johnson, Valerie A., additional, Katti, Madhusudan, additional, Leggett, Zakiya, additional, Wilson, Omega R., additional, and Wilson, Sacoby, additional

Published
2021
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47. Environmental Injustice and Industrial Chicken Farming in Delaware.

Author

Galarraga, Joseph, Khanjar, Niya, Berman, Isabelle, Hall, Jonanthan, Edwards, Camryn, Bara-Garcia, Samuel, Bodenreider, Coline, Khan, Summer, White, Abraham, Kavi, Lucy, and Wilson, Sacoby

Abstract

Potential disparities in the distribution of poultry CAFOs (confined animal feeding operations) and meat-processing facilities across Delaware were explored with regards to sociodemographic factors including race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. We conducted buffer analyses of CAFO host census tracts alongside sociodemographic data in order to explore populations in proximity to the Delaware chicken industry. We conducted a hotspot analysis of CAFOs to find areas with large concentrations of poultry operations and applied zero-inflation regression models to determine if there's a relationship between sociodemographic composition and number of CAFOs/meat- processing facilities in Delaware. Median household income was lower in CAFO host census tracts than all others, and also lower than the state median. A larger percentage of people living in poverty are in poultry CAFO hotspots (15.4 percent) compared to the state average (13.7 percent). Delaware's chicken industry disproportionately burdens low-wealth communities. Delaware policy-makers should employ environmental justice-oriented solutions to best serve impacted populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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