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Transcription coupled-nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) removes DNA lesions that block RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. A key step in TC-NER is the recruitment of the TFIIH complex, which initiates DNA unwinding and damage verification; however, the mechanism by which TFIIH is recruited during TC-NER, particularly in yeast, remains unclear. Here, we show that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of elongation factor-1 (Elf1) plays a critical role in TC-NER in yeast by binding TFIIH. Analysis of genome-wide repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) using CPD-seq indicates that the Elf1 CTD in yeast is required for efficient TC-NER. We show that the Elf1 CTD binds to the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of the p62 subunit of TFIIH in vitro, and identify a putative TFIIH-interaction region (TIR) in the Elf1 CTD that is important for PH binding and TC-NER. The Elf1 TIR shows functional, structural, and sequence similarities to a conserved TIR in the mammalian UV sensitivity syndrome A (UVSSA) protein, which recruits TFIIH during TC-NER in mammalian cells. These findings suggest that the Elf1 CTD acts as a functional counterpart to mammalian UVSSA in TC-NER by recruiting TFIIH in response to Pol II stalling at DNA lesions.

Coronaviruses infect multiple mammal species, and SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, likely jumped to humans from a mammal source (1). Although the virus is currently spreading person-toperson, the angiotensin [...]

Action learning is seen under many guises, being adapted into different contexts (Marsick and O'Neil [1999. "The Many Faces of Action Learning." "Management Learning" 30 (2): 159-176.]). This is especially true in higher education, due to the divergent requirements and challenges of multiple action learning programmes and stakeholders within Liverpool Business School. We embed action learning with our DBA, MBA and bespoke leadership development programmes to support and enhance learning, development and workplace practices. Additionally, we use action learning to support knowledge transfer with industry and business growth activities with SMEs. In this account of practice, two action learning practitioners and advocates came together to share their experiences and practices of action learning. In doing so, a need for a Community of Practice (CoP) emerged. CoPs refer to groups of people who share a passion about a topic and who deepen their knowledge and expertise by interacting on an ongoing basis. CoPs recognise knowledge-based social structures and groupings of people who interact around their practices. In developing an action learning CoP, we can learn from each other's successes, challenges and even failures, with the aim of developing a supportive and collaborative learning system. This is true of action learning and communities of practice.

To contribute to current debate concerning approaches to teaching and learning for researching complex work-based problems, we focus on the Doctorate of Business Administration (DBA) programme. We examine the development of an integrated action learning approach as part of a part-time DBA offered by a university in the UK. In adopting the lens of socio-technical systems (STS) theory we address two important questions; how can action learning be adapted on a DBA programme to enhance students' learning together and learning apart? And, what insights can be drawn from conceptualising DBA learning as a socio-technical system? Through the collection of natural data from student feedback, meeting notes, action logs and the facilitators reflections, we develop a framework of integrated action learning as a socio-technical system. Through this framework we propose a model of action learning that enhances the ability of students to learn together and learn whilst apart. We also reflect on how technology has enabled distance learners to interrogate their complex work-based problems through collaborative questioning, focused on research-based inquiry, both together, and apart on their own learning journey.

There is growing interest in the roles of temperature, epidermal hydration (EH) and pain in pressure ulcer (PU) development. Investigating correlations between these measures and sub‐epidermal moisture (SEM) will address this knowledge deficit. A prospective observational study enrolled 60 surgical patients from February to November 2021. SEM, temperature, EH and pain were assessed using a SEM scanner, thermography imaging, skin hydration device and numeric pain intensity scale, respectively. Measurements were taken at the sacrum, both heels and a control site, before and after surgery for 3 days. Data were analysed using Pearson or Spearman's correlation. Of the participants, 50% were male with a mean age of 58 years (±13.46). Low positive/negative correlations between SEM and temperature were found at the sacrum. However, after removing outliers, these results were not statistically significant. Other sites and follow‐up days showed negligible correlations. No evidence of a correlation, to low correlations between SEM and EH were observed, but unreliable due to little variation in EH at the heels. Pain showed negligible correlations with SEM. This study did not find consistent evidence of a correlation between SEM, temperature, EH and pain, highlighting the unreliability of temperature and EH for early PU detection. Post‐operative pain may also confound accurate pain assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure ulcers (PU) are a globally recognised healthcare concern, with their largely preventable development prompting the implementation of targeted preventive strategies. Risk assessment is the first step to planning individualised preventive measures. However, despite the long use of risk assessment, and the >70 risk assessment tools currently available, PUs remain a significant concern. Various technological advancements, including artificial intelligence, subepidermal moisture measurement, cytokine measurement, thermography and ultrasound are emerging as promising tools for PU detection, and subsequent prevention of more serious PU damage. Given the rise in availability of these technologies, this advances the question of whether our current approaches to PU prevention can be enhanced with the use of technology. This article delves into these technologies, suggesting that they could lead healthcare in the right direction, toward optimal assessment and adoption of focused prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic self-efficacy, the belief that one can achieve desired academic goals plays an important role in learning. This study aimed to determine the extent to which academic self-efficacy mediates relationships between students' perceptions of feedback and their academic attainment. An opportunity sample of 232 students (123 female) in their first year of higher education reported their academic self-efficacy and evaluated their assessment experience, including the perceived quantity and quality of feedback and the extent to which this feedback elicited an active response. Positive associations were observed between academic attainment and students' confidence that they could achieve their desired grades and adopt appropriate study behaviours. A negative association was identified between attainment and confidence to talk about their studies. Attainment was not related to the perceived quantity or quality of feedback, but did bear a significant association with the reported use to which feedback was put. Positive associations were generally identified between academic self-efficacy and perceptions of feedback. Path models revealed that inter-relationships were best represented by a model wherein academic self-efficacy mediated links between students' perceptions of feedback and academic attainment. The findings highlight the need to incorporate characteristics of the individual into an understanding of student engagement with feedback.

Exercise training (EX) and weight loss (WL) improve lower extremity physical function (LEPF) in older overweight women; however, effects on rate of torque development (RTD) are unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of WL + EX or WL alone on RTD, and relatedly LEPF, in overweight older women. Leg strength was assessed using isokinetic dynamometry, and RTD was calculated (RTD200 = RTD at 200 ms, RTDPeak = peak RTD, T2P = time to 1st peak). LEPF was determined via clinical functional tasks. Women (n = 44, 69.1 ± 3.6 years, 30.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2) completed a 6-month trial in EX + WL or WL groups with similar weight loss (−9.8 ± 4.2%, p >.95). EX + WL had greater improvements in (a) most LEPF tasks (p <.001) and (b) RTD200, compared with WL (36% vs. −16%, p =.031); no other RTD parameters differed. Changes in RTD parameters and LEPF were not related (all p >.05). RTD is responsive to EX but is not associated with LEPF in older women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet (UV) light is the most pervasive environmental mutagen and the primary cause of skin cancer. Genome sequencing of melanomas and other skin cancers has revealed that the vast majority of somatic mutations in these tumors are cytosine‐to‐thymine (C>T) substitutions in dipyrimidine sequences, which, together with tandem CC>TT substitutions, comprise the canonical UV mutation "signature". These mutation classes are caused by DNA damage directly induced by UV absorption, namely cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) or 6‐4 pyrimidine‐pyrimidone photoproducts (6‐4PP), which form between neighboring pyrimidine bases. However, many of the key driver mutations in melanoma do not fit this mutation signature, but instead are caused by T>A, T>C, C>A, or AC>TT substitutions, frequently occurring in non‐dipyrimidine sequence contexts. This article describes recent studies indicating that UV light causes a more diverse spectrum of mutations than previously appreciated, including many of the mutation classes observed in melanoma driver mutations. Potential mechanisms for these diverse mutation signatures are discussed, including UV‐induced pyrimidine‐purine photoproducts and indirect DNA damage induced by UVA light. Finally, the article reviews recent findings indicating that human DNA polymerase eta normally suppresses these non‐canonical UV mutation classes, which can potentially explain why canonical C>T substitutions predominate in human skin cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]