2,745 results on '"Wilson, Craig"'
Search Results
2. About the Photographer, Back Cover
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
3. A Different Point of View
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
4. Not a Shore Thing
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
5. Kokopellis
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
6. Experimentation
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
7. Fast Friends
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
8. Leave it to Maddy
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
9. Foreword
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
10. Title Page, Copyright, Dedication
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
11. Cover
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
12. Wishing
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
13. Introduction
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Wilson, Craig M. and Nicastro, Brent
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- 2011
14. Light mortar - enhancing combat capability
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Wilson, Craig
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- 2017
15. Determining a conservation threat classification for the Nevis skink, Oligosoma toka
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Bell, Trent P., Wilson, Craig, and Herbert, Sarah M.
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- 2012
16. Nitrogen loading resulting from major floods and sediment resuspension to a large coastal embayment
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Grinham, Alistair, Costantini, Tony, Deering, Nathaniel, Jackson, Cameron, Klein, Carissa, Lovelock, Catherine, Pandolfi, John, Eyal, Gal, Linde, Michael, Dunbabin, Matthew, Duncan, Brendon, Hutley, Nicholas, Byrne, Ilha, Wilson, Craig, and Albert, Simon
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- 2024
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17. Infrastructure financing in Africa
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Lu, Qiongfang and Wilson, Craig
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- 2024
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18. Blockchain technology and international countertrade
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Yang, Fan, Yu, Hai, Wilson, Craig, Jacoby, Gady, and Wu, Zhenyu
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- 2024
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19. High prevalence of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and prevention through human papillomavirus vaccination, in young men who have sex with men living with HIV
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Palefsky, Joel M, Lensing, Shelly Y, Belzer, Marvin, Lee, Jeannette, Gaur, Aditya H, Mayer, Kenneth, Futterman, Donna, Stier, Elizabeth A, Paul, Mary E, Chiao, Elizabeth Y, Reirden, Daniel, Goldstone, Stephen E, Tirado, Maribel, Cachay, Edward R, Barroso, Luis F, Da Costa, Maria, Darragh, Teresa M, Rudy, Bret J, Wilson, Craig M, Kahn, Jessica A, and Interventions, for the AIDS Malignancy Consortium and Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV AIDS
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Pediatric Research Initiative ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Cervical Cancer ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,HPV and/or Cervical Cancer Vaccines ,Immunization ,Vaccine Related ,Cancer ,Prevention ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.4 Vaccines ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Alphapapillomavirus ,Anal Canal ,Anus Neoplasms ,HIV ,HIV Infections ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Male ,Papillomaviridae ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Papillomavirus Vaccines ,Prevalence ,Sexual Behavior ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ,Vaccination ,Young Adult ,anal human papillomavirus infection ,quadrivalent HPV vaccine ,anal squamous intraepithelial lesions ,men who have sex with men ,human immunodeficiency virus ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal cancer. Little is known about the prevalence of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) and the anal cancer precursor, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), among young MSM with HIV (MSMLWH). HPV vaccination is recommended in this group, but its safety, immunogenicity, and protection against vaccine-type HPV infection and associated LSILs/HSILs have not been studied.MethodsTwo hundred and sixty MSMLWH aged 18-26 years were screened at 17 US sites for a clinical trial of the quadrivalent (HPV6,11,16,18) HPV (qHPV) vaccine. Those without HSILs were vaccinated at 0, 2, and 6 months. Cytology, high-resolution anoscopy with biopsies of lesions, serology, and HPV testing of the mouth/penis/scrotum/anus/perianus were performed at screening/month 0 and months 7, 12, and 24.ResultsAmong 260 MSMLWH screened, the most common reason for exclusion was detection of HSILs in 88/260 (34%). 144 MSMLWH were enrolled. 47% of enrollees were previously exposed to HPV16. No incident qHPV type-associated anal LSILs/HSILs were detected among men naive to that type, compared with 11.1, 2.2, 4.5, and 2.8 cases/100 person-years for HPV6,11,16,18-associated LSILs/HSILs, respectively, among those previously exposed to that type. qHPV was immunogenic and safe with no vaccine-associated serious adverse events.Conclusions18-26-year-old MSMLWH naive to qHPV vaccine types were protected against incident qHPV type-associated LSILs/HSILs. Given their high prevalence of HSILs, there is an urgent need to vaccinate young MSMLWH before exposure to vaccine HPV types, before initiating sexual activity, and to perform catch-up vaccination.
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- 2021
20. Cost-effectiveness of Frequent HIV Screening Among High-risk Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States
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Neilan, Anne M, Bulteel, Alexander JB, Hosek, Sybil G, Foote, Julia HA, Freedberg, Kenneth A, Landovitz, Raphael J, Walensky, Rochelle P, Resch, Stephen C, Kazemian, Pooyan, Paltiel, A David, Weinstein, Milton C, Wilson, Craig M, and Ciaranello, Andrea L
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Research ,Comparative Effectiveness Research ,Health Services ,Pediatric ,Prevention ,Cost Effectiveness Research ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Adult ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,HIV Infections ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Male ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,United States ,Young Adult ,Young men who have sex with men ,adolescents and young adults ,HIV ,screening ,cost-effectiveness ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundOf new HIV infections in the US, 20% occur among young men who have sex with men (YMSM, ages 13-24), but >50% of YMSM with HIV are unaware of their status. Using Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) data, we projected the clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness of frequent HIV screening among high-risk YMSM from age 15.MethodsUsing a mathematical simulation, we examined 3 screening strategies: Yearly, 6-monthly, and 3-monthly, each in addition to the Status quo (SQ, 0.7-10.3% screened/year, stratified by age). We used published data (YMSM-specific when available) including: HIV incidences (0.91-6.41/100PY); screen acceptance (80%), linkage-to-care/antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation (76%), HIV transmission (0.3-86.1/100PY, by HIV RNA), monthly ART costs ($2290-$3780), and HIV per-screen costs ($38). Projected outcomes included CD4 count at diagnosis, primary HIV transmissions from ages 15-30, quality-adjusted life expectancy, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs, $/quality-adjusted life-year saved [QALY]; threshold ≤$100 000/QALY).ResultsCompared to SQ, all strategies increased projected CD4 at diagnosis (296 to 477-515 cells/µL) and quality-adjusted life expectancy from age 15 (44.4 to 48.3-48.7 years) among YMSM acquiring HIV. Compared to SQ, all strategies increased discounted lifetime cost for the entire population ($170 800 to $178 100-$185 000/person). Screening 3-monthly was cost-effective (ICER: $4500/QALY) compared to SQ and reduced primary transmissions through age 30 by 40%. Results were most sensitive to transmission rates; excluding the impact of transmissions, screening Yearly was ≤$100 000/QALY (ICER: $70 900/QALY).ConclusionsFor high-risk YMSM in the US, HIV screening 3-monthly compared to less frequent screening will improve clinical outcomes and be cost-effective.
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- 2021
21. Ten steps to accelerate growth
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Wilson, Craig
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- 2007
22. Effect of temperature on survival of Australian entomopathogenic nematodes and their virulence against the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni
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Aryal, Sitaram, Nielsen, Uffe N., Sumaya, Nanette H., Wilson, Craig, and Riegler, Markus
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- 2022
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23. Adaptive Sequential Machine Learning
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Wilson, Craig, Bu, Yuheng, and Veeravalli, Venugopal
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
A framework previously introduced in [3] for solving a sequence of stochastic optimization problems with bounded changes in the minimizers is extended and applied to machine learning problems such as regression and classification. The stochastic optimization problems arising in these machine learning problems is solved using algorithms such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD). A method based on estimates of the change in the minimizers and properties of the optimization algorithm is introduced for adaptively selecting the number of samples at each time step to ensure that the excess risk, i.e., the expected gap between the loss achieved by the approximate minimizer produced by the optimization algorithm and the exact minimizer, does not exceed a target level. A bound is developed to show that the estimate of the change in the minimizers is non-trivial provided that the excess risk is small enough. Extensions relevant to the machine learning setting are considered, including a cost-based approach to select the number of samples with a cost budget over a fixed horizon, and an approach to applying cross-validation for model selection. Finally, experiments with synthetic and real data are used to validate the algorithms., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1509.07422
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- 2019
24. How do noninterest income activities affect bank holding company performance?
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Mamun, Abdullah, Meier, Garrett, and Wilson, Craig
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- 2023
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25. Brief Report: Phase IIa Safety Study of a Vaginal Ring Containing Dapivirine in Adolescent Young Women.
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Bunge, Katherine E, Levy, Lisa, Szydlo, Daniel W, Zhang, Jingyang, Gaur, Aditya H, Reirden, Daniel, Mayer, Kenneth H, Futterman, Donna, Hoesley, Craig, Hillier, Sharon L, Marzinke, Mark A, Hendrix, Craig W, Gorbach, Pamina M, Wilson, Craig M, Soto-Torres, Lydia, Kapogiannis, Bill, Nel, Annalene, Squires, Kathleen E, and MTN-023/IPM 030 Study Team
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MTN-023/IPM 030 Study Team ,Vagina ,Plasma ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Pyrimidines ,Placebos ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Double-Blind Method ,Contraceptive Devices ,Female ,Dose-Response Relationship ,Drug ,Adolescent ,Adult ,United States ,Female ,Young Adult ,Self Report ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Prevention ,Patient Safety ,Clinical Research ,Topical Microbicides ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,HIV-1 prevention ,adolescents ,microbicides ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology - Abstract
BackgroundYoung women aged 15-24 years are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. Two phase III trials of a vaginal ring containing 25-mg dapivirine demonstrated HIV-1 risk reduction in adult women older than 21 years but not in those aged 18-21 years. Lack of protection was correlated with low adherence.MethodsIn this phase-IIa, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, US, multicenter trial of the dapivirine ring in sexually active females, aged 15-17 years, participants were randomized 3:1 to a dapivirine or placebo ring to be inserted monthly for 6 months (NCT02028338). Primary safety end points included grade 2 product related adverse events and any grade 3 and higher adverse events. Adherence to ring use was assessed by plasma dapivirine concentrations, residual levels in used rings, and self-report. A plasma dapivirine concentration of >95 pg/mL was used to define short-term adherence; a residual ring level of
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- 2020
26. Porous materials for protection against Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs)
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Wilson, Craig J. and Cooper, Andrew
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540 - Abstract
The Chemicals Weapons Convention, effective since 1997, has helped to reduce the proliferation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). However, despite 193 states being bound by this agreement, there are countries who continue to produce, stockpile and use CWAs. Incidents involving CWAs, whether in conflict, terrorism or assassination such as the attempted assassination which occurred in Salisbury, UK, in 2018 highlight the continuing need to control the production, stockpiling and use of CWAs. Decontamination of CWA stockpiles is therefore of significant interest. One potential way to achieve this is by using porous materials as sorbents in order to allow for the bulk uptake and deactivation of CWA stockpiles. In this work, the use of hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), which represent a class of such sorbents, that are produced using a facile and tuneable 'knitting' procedure are explored for this application. The performance of the HCPs for the uptake of CWAs are investigated using simulants due to the lethal toxicity of the CWAs, prior to testing of the best performing polymers against CWAs including sarin (GB) and sulfur mustard (HD) (Figure 1). Routes to allow for the chemical decontamination of CWAs are then investigated by screening a range of nitrogen containing bases against a nerve agent simulant, methyl paraoxon (MP) and CWAs, GB and VX. This led to the development of hydroxide containing polymers derived from a range of porous organic polymers (POPs), including hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), and porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs), and conventional hydroxide resins. Finally, methods to combine physical and chemical decontamination of CWAs are explored using HCPs and hydroxide containing polymers, respectively, to create effective absorbents to immobilise and breakdown CWA stockpiles, under practically relevant conditions.
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- 2019
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27. Traffic in a nursery: Ship strike risk from commercial vessels to migrating humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in a rapidly developing Australian urban embayment
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Mayaud, Raphael, Castrillon, Juliana, Wilson, Craig, Peel, David, Smith, Joshua N., Luche, Greta Dalle, Allen, Jenny, and Nash, Susan Bengtson
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- 2022
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28. Pre-vaccination prevalence of anogenital and oral human papillomavirus in young HIV-infected men who have sex with men.
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Kahn, Jessica A, Belzer, Marvin, Chi, Xiaofei, Lee, Jeannette, Gaur, Aditya H, Mayer, Kenneth, Martinez, Jaime, Futterman, Donna C, Stier, Elizabeth A, Paul, Mary E, Chiao, Elizabeth Y, Reirden, Daniel, Goldstone, Steven E, Ortiz Martinez, Ana P, Cachay, Edward R, Barroso, Luis F, Da Costa, Maria, Wilson, Craig M, Palefsky, Joel M, and AIDS Malignancy Consortium and Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions
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AIDS Malignancy Consortium and Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions ,Mouth ,Genitalia ,Male ,Humans ,Papillomaviridae ,Papillomavirus Infections ,HIV Infections ,Prevalence ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Anal Canal ,Male ,Young Adult ,Adolescents ,Clinical trials ,HIV ,Human papillomavirus ,Men who have sex with men ,Vaccine ,Genitalia ,Homosexuality - Abstract
The aims of this study were to: 1) determine prevalence of anogenital and oral HPV, 2) determine concordance between HPV at anal, perianal, scrotal/penile, and oral sites; and 3) describe factors associated with anogenital HPV types targeted by the 9-valent vaccine. Data were collected from 2012 to 2015 among men who have sex with men 18-26 years of age enrolled in a vaccine trial (N = 145). Penile/scrotal, perianal, anal, and oral samples were tested for 61 HPV types. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with types in the 9-valent vaccine. Participants' mean age was 23.0 years, 55.2% were African-American, and 26.2% were Hispanic; 93% had anal, 40% penile, and 6% oral HPV. Among those with anogenital infection, 18% had HPV16. Concordance was low between anogenital and oral sites. Factors independently associated with a 9-valent vaccine-type HPV were: race (African-American vs. White, OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.11-6.42), current smoking (yes vs. no, OR=2.37, 95% CI=1.03-5.48), and number of recent receptive anal sex partners (2+ vs. 0, OR=3.47, 95% CI=1.16-10.4). Most MSM were not infected with HPV16 or HPV18, suggesting that they may still benefit from HPV vaccination, but anogenital HPV was very common, highlighting the importance of vaccinating men before sexual initiation. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT01209325.
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- 2019
29. Short Communication: Association of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Protective Tenofovir Diphosphate Concentrations with Bone Toxicity in Adolescent Boys and Young Men Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
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Havens, Peter L, Tamhane, Ashutosh, Stephensen, Charles B, Schuster, Gertrud U, Gordon, Catherine M, Liu, Nancy, Wilson, Craig M, Hosek, Sybil G, Anderson, Peter L, Kapogiannis, Bill G, and Mulligan, Kathleen
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Prevention ,Adolescent ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Bone and Bones ,Emtricitabine ,HIV Infections ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Logistic Models ,Male ,Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ,Prospective Studies ,Tenofovir ,Vitamin D ,Vitamin D Deficiency ,Young Adult ,tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ,bone mineral density ,HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis ,25-hydroxy vitamin D ,Virology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
We examined associations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and bone toxicity. We studied TDF/emtricitabine (FTC) HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Bone toxicity was predefined using bone mineral density/content change from baseline to week 48. Baseline serum 25-OHD was dichotomized as 700 fmol/punch (protective against HIV acquisition) versus ≤700. Associations were examined by univariate and multivariable logistic regression, reporting crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of 101 enrolled, 69 had complete bone assessments and 25-OHD; of these, 59 had week 48 TFV-DP data. Median (Q1-Q3) age was 20 (18-21) years; 54% were black/African American. In univariate analysis, participants with baseline 25-OHD 700 (OR = 11.5; 95% CI = 1.4-169.6), 25-OHD 700 (OR = 32.3; 95% CI = 3.3-653.6) had greater odds of bone toxicity after adjusting for race. In multivariable models, 25-OHD insufficiency, protective TFV-DP concentrations, and black race were significantly associated with bone toxicity after 48 weeks of TDF/FTC PrEP in YMSM. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01769469.
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- 2019
30. Isolation and molecular characterization of five entomopathogenic nematode species and their bacterial symbionts from eastern Australia
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Aryal, Sitaram, Nielsen, Uffe N., Sumaya, Nanette H., De Faveri, Stefano, Wilson, Craig, and Riegler, Markus
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- 2022
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31. The USDA Future Scientists Urban Agriculture Program
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Wilson, Craig, Schroeder, Carolyn, Scott, Timothy, Aubry, Christine, Series Editor, Duchemin, Éric, Series Editor, Nasr, Joe, Series Editor, DeCoito, Isha, editor, Patchen, Amie, editor, Knobloch, Neil, editor, and Esters, Levon, editor
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- 2021
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32. Adaptive Sequential Stochastic Optimization
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Wilson, Craig, Veeravalli, Venugopal, and Nedich, Angelia
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Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
A framework is introduced for sequentially solving convex stochastic minimization problems, where the objective functions change slowly, in the sense that the distance between successive minimizers is bounded. The minimization problems are solved by sequentially applying a selected optimization algorithm, such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD), based on drawing a number of samples in order to carry the iterations. Two tracking criteria are introduced to evaluate approximate minimizer quality: one based on being accurate with respect to the mean trajectory, and the other based on being accurate in high probability (IHP). An estimate of a bound on the minimizers' change, combined with properties of the chosen optimization algorithm, is used to select the number of samples needed to meet the desired tracking criterion. A technique to estimate the change in minimizers is provided along with analysis to show that eventually the estimate upper bounds the change in minimizers. This estimate of the change in minimizers provides sample size selection rules that guarantee that the tracking criterion is met for sufficiently large number of time steps. Simulations are used to confirm that the estimation approach provides the desired tracking accuracy in practice, while being efficient in terms of number of samples used in each time step., Comment: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. Corrected some typos and improved the presentation of our arguments
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- 2016
33. Linking HIV-Negative Youth to Prevention Services in 12 U.S. Cities: Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing the HIV Prevention Continuum
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Doll, Mimi, Fortenberry, J Dennis, Roseland, Denise, McAuliff, Kathleen, Wilson, Craig M, and Boyer, Cherrie B
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Health Services and Systems ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Pediatric ,Mental Health ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Prevention ,Infectious Diseases ,Health Services ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,Pediatric AIDS ,Adolescent Sexual Activity ,8.1 Organisation and delivery of services ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Health and social care services research ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,HIV Infections ,Health Services Accessibility ,Humans ,Interviews as Topic ,Male ,Mass Screening ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ,Qualitative Research ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Young Adult ,Linkage to prevention ,High-risk HIV-negative youth ,HIV prevention ,HIV prevention infrastructure ,YMSM of color ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Education ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences ,Psychology - Abstract
PurposeLinkage of HIV-negative youth to prevention services is increasingly important with the development of effective pre-exposure prophylaxis that complements behavioral and other prevention-focused interventions. However, effective infrastructure for delivery of prevention services does not exist, leaving many programs to address HIV prevention without data to guide program development/implementation. The objective of this study was to provide a qualitative description of barriers and facilitators of linkage to prevention services among high-risk, HIV-negative youth.DesignThematic analysis of structured interviews with staff implementing linkage to prevention services programs for youth aged 12-24 years.MethodsTwelve adolescent medicine HIV primary care programs as part of larger testing research program focused on young sexual minority men of color. The study included staff implementing linkage to prevention services programs along with community-based HIV testing programs. The main outcomes of the study were key barriers/facilitators to linkage to prevention services.ResultsEight themes summarized perspectives on linkage to prevention services: (1) relationships with community partners, (2) trust between providers and youth, (3) youth capacity to navigate prevention services, (4) pre-exposure prophylaxis specific issues, (5) privacy issues, (6) gaps in health records preventing tailored services, (7) confidentiality of care for youth accessing services through parents'/caretakers' insurance, and (8) need for health-care institutions to keep pace with models that prioritize HIV prevention among at-risk youth. Themes are discussed in the context of factors that facilitated/challenged linkage to prevention services.ConclusionsSeveral evidence-based HIV prevention tools are available; infrastructures for coordinated service delivery to high-risk youth have not been developed. Implementation of such infrastructures requires attention to community-, provider-, and youth-related issues.
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- 2018
34. 5 Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative HIV Screening Strategies for Young Men WHO Have Sex with Men in the United States
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Neilan, Anne M, Bulteel, Alexander JB, Freedberg, Kenneth A, Hosek, Sybil, Landovitz, Raphael J, Walensky, Rochelle P, Wilson, Craig M, and Ciaranello, Andrea L
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Good Health and Well Being ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Education ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Public Health - Published
- 2018
35. Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative HIV Screening Strategies for Young Men WHO Have Sex with Men in the United States
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Neilan, Anne M, Bulteel, Alexander JB, Freedberg, Kenneth A, Hosek, Sybil, Landovitz, Raphael J, Walensky, Rochelle P, Wilson, Craig M, and Ciaranello, Andrea L
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Medical and Health Sciences ,Education ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Public Health - Published
- 2018
36. Vitamin D3 Supplementation Increases Spine Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents and Young Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Being Treated With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
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Havens, Peter L, Stephensen, Charles B, Van Loan, Marta D, Schuster, Gertrud U, Woodhouse, Leslie R, Flynn, Patricia M, Gordon, Catherine M, Pan, Cynthia G, Rutledge, Brandy, Harris, D Robert, Price, Georgine, Baker, Alyne, Meyer, William A, Wilson, Craig M, Hazra, Rohan, Kapogiannis, Bill G, Mulligan, Kathleen, Vellala, Kavya, Wheeler, Justin, Fielding, Roger, Freytag, Tammy, Domek, Joseph, Gertz, Erik, Emmanuel, Patricia, Straub, Diane, Enriquez-Bruce, Elizabeth, Belzer, Marvin, Tucker, Diane, D’Angelo, Larry, Trexler, Connie, Douglas, Steve, Tanney, Mary, Stroger, John H, Martinez, Miguel, Henry-Reid, Lisa, Bojan, Kelly, Futterman, Donna, Campos, Maria, Abdalian, Sue Ellen, Kozina, Leslie, Friedman, Larry, Maturo, Donna, Flynn, Pat, Guar, Aditya, Dillard, Mary, Paul, Mary, Head, Jane, Secord, Liz, Outlaw, Angulique, Cromer, Charnell, Agwu, Allison, Sanders, Renata, Anderson, Thuy, Mayer, Ken, Dormitzer, Julian, Reirden, Dan, Chambers, Carrie, Kovacs, Andrea, Operskalski, Eva, Homans, James, Bearden, Allison, Sanchez, Susie, Puga, Ana, Eysallenne, Zulma, Acevedo, Midnela, Rosario, Nicolas, Nieves, Lourdes Angeli, Wiznia, Andrew, Abadi, Jacobo, Rosenberg, Michael, Dobroszycki, Joanna, and Burey, Marlene
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Prevention ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Research ,Complementary and Integrative Health ,Nutrition ,Pediatric ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Adolescent ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Bone Density ,Bone Density Conservation Agents ,Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents ,Cholecalciferol ,Double-Blind Method ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Placebos ,Spine ,Tenofovir ,Treatment Outcome ,Young Adult ,tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ,vitamin D supplementation ,bone mineral density ,parathyroid hormone ,HIV infection ,Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) 109 Study Team ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) decreases bone mineral density (BMD). We hypothesized that vitamin D3 (VITD3) would increase BMD in youth receiving TDF.MethodsThis was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of directly observed VITD3 vs placebo every 4 weeks for 48 weeks in youth aged 16-24 years with HIV, RNA load
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- 2018
37. Comparison of Measures of Adherence to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Adolescent and Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States
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Koss, Catherine A, Hosek, Sybil G, Bacchetti, Peter, Anderson, Peter L, Liu, Albert Y, Horng, Howard, Benet, Leslie Z, Kuncze, Karen, Louie, Alexander, Saberi, Parya, Wilson, Craig M, and Gandhi, Monica
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Adolescent Sexual Activity ,Minority Health ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Health Disparities ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,Pediatric ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Prevention ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Blood Chemical Analysis ,Disease Transmission ,Infectious ,Emtricitabine ,HIV Infections ,Hair ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Male ,Medication Adherence ,Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ,Tenofovir ,United States ,Young Adult ,adherence ,adolescent ,HIV prevention ,preexposure prophylaxis ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundYoung men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) are disproportionately impacted by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) could reduce HIV acquisition among youth, but suboptimal adherence threatens effectiveness. Optimal metrics of PrEP adherence among adolescents have remain undefined.MethodsThe Adolescent Trials Network 110/113 studies provided daily oral PrEP with tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine over 48 weeks to a diverse population of MSM (aged 15-22 years). Self-reported adherence was assessed and PrEP drug concentrations measured from hair and dried blood spot (DBS) samples; 23% of participants received Wisepill electronic monitoring devices. The average number of PrEP doses per week taken was estimated, and concordance between measures assessed.ResultsAmong 243 participants, hair samples were collected at 1186/1238 (96%) person-visits. The concordance of TFV levels in hair and TFV-diphosphate in DBS around thresholds consistent with taking ≥4 and 7 PrEP doses/week was high (76% and 80%). Hair and DBS concentrations correlated poorly with self-report and Wisepill metrics. Through week 12, 40%-60% of participants (by hair and DBS), ≤31% (Wisepill), and >85% (self-report) were estimated to have taken ≥4 PrEP doses/week (a threshold associated with protection among MSM). For all measures except self-report, adherence declined over time, with half of participants taking
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- 2018
38. Partner Notification for Youth Living With HIV in 14 Cities in the United States
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van den Berg, Jacob J, Javanbakht, Marjan, Gorbach, Pamina M, Rudy, Bret J, Westfall, Andrew O, Wilson, Craig M, and Lally, Michelle A
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HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric ,Pediatric AIDS ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Prevention ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Cities ,Contact Tracing ,HIV Infections ,Health Personnel ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Male ,Sexual Behavior ,Sexual Partners ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,United States ,Young Adult ,Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology - Abstract
BackgroundIdentifying factors associated with partner notification among youth living with HIV is critical for effective HIV prevention and treatment strategies.MethodsA total of 924 male and female behaviorally infected youth aged 13-24 across 14 U.S. cities completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview including questions about demographics and experiences with patient- and provider-referral partner notification.ResultsThe majority of participants self-identified as male (82.5%), Black/non-Hispanic (70.1%), and Hispanic/Latino (18.2%). Most males (93.4%) reported engaging in male-to-male sexual contact. Over three-quarters (77.6%) reported that all or some of their partners were contacted, while 22.4% indicated that none were contacted regarding potential HIV exposure. Most (52.4%) reported that only one person talked to them about notifying partners including the HIV tester (36.5%) followed by their health care provider/doctor (27.6%). Less than a fifth (18.3%) were themselves notified of their own exposure to HIV. Using multivariable logistic regression, 3 factors were associated with successful partner notification: (1) when more than one person talked to participants about partner notification (AOR = 1.87, 1.33-2.62); (2) if they themselves had been notified of their own HIV exposure (AOR = 1.83, 1.13-2.95); and (3) if their education included some college or technical school versus less than high school (AOR = 1.72, 1.04-2.85).ConclusionsPartner notification among youth living with HIV is unsuccessful at least 22.4% of the time, although minimal criteria for partner services are being met almost universally. Partner notification might benefit from enhanced guidelines that call for both HIV testers and HIV care providers to discuss this important strategy with HIV-positive youth.
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- 2018
39. Safety and Feasibility of Antiretroviral Preexposure Prophylaxis for Adolescent Men Who Have Sex With Men Aged 15 to 17 Years in the United States
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Hosek, Sybil G, Landovitz, Raphael J, Kapogiannis, Bill, Siberry, George K, Rudy, Bret, Rutledge, Brandy, Liu, Nancy, Harris, D Robert, Mulligan, Kathleen, Zimet, Gregory, Mayer, Kenneth H, Anderson, Peter, Kiser, Jennifer J, Lally, Michelle, Brothers, Jennifer, Bojan, Kelly, Rooney, Jim, and Wilson, Craig M
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Pediatric Research Initiative ,Pediatric ,Prevention ,HIV/AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,Pediatric AIDS ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Emtricitabine ,Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination ,Feasibility Studies ,Follow-Up Studies ,HIV Infections ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Male ,Medication Adherence ,Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ,Risk-Taking ,Treatment Outcome ,United States ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,Pediatrics - Abstract
ImportanceAdolescents represent a key population for implementing preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interventions worldwide, yet tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for PrEP is only licensed for adults.ObjectiveTo examine the safety of and adherence to PrEP along with changes in sexual risk behavior among adolescent men who have sex with men (MSM).Design, setting, and participantsAdolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions 113 (Project PrEPare) was a PrEP demonstration project that evaluated the safety, tolerability, and acceptability of TDF/FTC and patterns of use, rates of adherence, and patterns of sexual risk behavior among healthy young MSM aged 15 to 17 years. Participants were recruited from adolescent medicine clinics and their community partners in 6 US cities, had negative test results for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but were at high risk for acquiring an infection, and were willing to participate in a behavioral intervention and accept TDF/FTC as PrEP.ExposuresAll participants completed an individualized evidence-based behavioral intervention and were provided with daily TDF/FTC as PrEP for 48 weeks.Main outcomes and measuresThe main objectives were to: (1) provide additional safety data regarding TDF/FTC use among young MSM who had negative test results for HIV; (2) examine the acceptability, patterns of use, rates of adherence, and measured levels of tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots; and (3) examine patterns of risk behavior when young MSM were provided with a behavioral intervention in conjunction with open-label TDF/FTC.ResultsAmong 2864 individuals screened (from August 2013 to September 2014), 260 were eligible and 78 were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 16.5 [0.73] years), of whom 2 (3%) were Asian/Pacific Islander, 23 (29%) were black/African American, 11 (14%) were white, 16 (21%) were white Hispanic, and 26 (33%) were other/mixed race/ethnicity. Over 48 weeks of PrEP use, 23 sexually transmitted infections were diagnosed in 12 participants. The HIV seroconversion rate was 6.4 (95% CI: 1.3-18.7) per 100 person-years. Tenofovir diphosphate levels consistent with a high degree of anti-HIV protection (>700 fmol/punch) were found in 42 (54%), 37 (47%), 38 (49%), 22 (28%), 13 (17%), and 17 (22%) participants at weeks 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48, respectively.Conclusions and relevanceAdolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions 113 enrolled a diverse sample of adolescent MSM at risk for HIV who consented to study participation. Approximately half achieved protective drug levels during the monthly visits, but adherence decreased with quarterly visits. Youth may need additional contact with clinical staff members to maintain high adherence.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01769456.
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- 2017
40. Integration of Recreational Vessels to Improve Relative Risk Assessments of Vessel Strike to Humpback Whales (Megaptera Novaeangliae)
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Mayaud, Raphael, primary, Peel, David, additional, Smith, Joshua N., additional, Wilson, Craig, additional, and Bengtson Nash, Susan, additional
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- 2024
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41. Tumour Biology Characterisation by Imaging in Clinic
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Ravi Kumar, Aravind S., Law, W. Phillip., Wilson, Craig, Siva, Shankar, Hofman, Michael S., Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich, Series Editor, Parizel, Paul M., Series Editor, Peh, Wilfred C. G., Series Editor, Brady, Luther W., Honorary Editor, Lu, Jiade J., Series Editor, Beets-Tan, Regina G.H., editor, Oyen, Wim J. G., editor, and Valentini, Vincenzo, editor
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- 2020
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42. The Value of Apology: How do Corporate Apologies Moderate the Stock Market Reaction to Non-Financial Corporate Crises?
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Racine, Marie, Wilson, Craig, and Wynes, Michael
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- 2020
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43. Event loading drives distribution of the organochlorine pesticide metabolite DDE in a sub-tropical river system, Brisbane River, Australia
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Grinham, Alistair, Deering, Nathaniel, Beecroft, Ryan, Rudd, Jessica, Heatherington, Craig, Cossu, Remo, Linde, Michael, Richardson, Darren, Wilson, Craig, Hutley, Nicholas, and Albert, Simon
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- 2021
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44. Responding to stress and distress in young onset dementia : an interpretative phenomenological analysis of a biopsychosocial group intervention for carers
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Wilson, Craig Frank
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362.1968 ,BF Psychology - Abstract
Background: Family carers are fundamental to supporting people with dementia to remain at home; however psychological distress can occur as a result of their caring role. Research into the effectiveness of interventions for caregivers of people diagnosed with Young-Onset Dementia (YOD), the experience of those using such interventions, and the mediating processes, are limited. Methods: Five carers, providing support for a family member with YOD, were interviewed with the aim of exploring how they experienced the “Responding to Distress in Dementia” group being offered within NHS Lanarkshire. In addition, the study aimed to identify the influence that group participation had on caregiving. Interviews covered the whole ‘caregiving journey’ from first noticing symptoms, experiences in the group, and the time until interviews, and were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Within the group experience, four superordinate themes were identified: ‘connecting to other carers’, ‘learning about caregiving’, ‘group factors’ and ‘reduced carer distress’. During the post-group period, three superordinate themes were recognised: ‘maintaining support’, ‘applying learning’, and ‘normalising caregiving’. Conclusions: The study highlighted several interrelated themes involving creating connections to carers with similar experiences, social learning, and supportive learning through group structure and facilitation. Many of the processes are found within existing dementia caregiver intervention research. Implications for service provision and future research are outlined. Research examining the effectiveness of the intervention group used is currently underway.
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- 2017
45. Gender attitudes and the effect of board gender diversity on corporate environmental responsibility
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Wang, Yun, Wilson, Craig, and Li, Yanxi
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- 2021
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46. Religion, risk aversion, and cross border mergers and acquisitions
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Maung, Min, Tang, Zhenyang, Wilson, Craig, and Xu, Xiaowei
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- 2021
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47. Evaluating Testing Strategies for Identifying Youths With HIV Infection and Linking Youths to Biomedical and Other Prevention Services
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Miller, Robin Lin, Boyer, Cherrie B, Chiaramonte, Danielle, Lindeman, Peter, Chutuape, Kate, Cooper-Walker, Bendu, Kapogiannis, Bill G, Wilson, Craig M, and Fortenberry, J Dennis
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Pediatric ,Adolescent Sexual Activity ,Infectious Diseases ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Pediatric AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,HIV/AIDS ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Adolescent Health Services ,African Americans ,Community Health Centers ,Continuity of Patient Care ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Mass Screening ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,Program Evaluation ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,United States ,Young Adult ,Black or African American ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,Pediatrics - Abstract
ImportanceMost human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected youths are unaware of their serostatus (approximately 60%) and therefore not linked to HIV medical or prevention services. The need to identify promising and scalable approaches to promote uptake of HIV testing among youths at risk is critical.ObjectiveTo evaluate a multisite HIV testing program designed to encourage localized HIV testing programs focused on self-identified sexual minority males and to link youths to appropriate prevention services after receipt of their test results.Design, setting, and participantsTesting strategies were evaluated using an observational design during a 9-month period (June 1, 2015, through February 28, 2016). Testing strategies were implemented by 12 adolescent medicine HIV primary care programs and included targeted testing, universal testing, or a combination. Data were collected from local youth at high risk of HIV infection and, specifically, sexual minority males of color.Main outcomes and measuresProportion of sexual minority males and sexual minority males of color tested, proportion of previously undiagnosed HIV-positive youths identified, and rates of linkage to prevention services.ResultsA total of 3301 youths underwent HIV testing. Overall, 35 (3.6%) of those who underwent universal testing in primary care clinical settings, such as emergency departments and community health centers, were sexual minority males (35 [3.6%] were males of color) compared with 236 (46.7%) (201 [39.8%] were males of color) who were tested through targeted testing and 693 (37.8%) (503 [27.4%] were males of color) through combination efforts. Identification of new HIV-positive cases varied by strategy: 1 (0.1%) via universal testing, 39 (2.1%) through combination testing, and 16 (3.2%) through targeted testing. However, when targeted tests were separated from universal testing results for sites using a combined strategy, the rate of newly identified HIV-positive cases identified through universal testing decreased to 1 (0.1%). Rates of new HIV-positive cases identified through targeted testing increased to 49 (6.3%). Youths who tested through targeted testing (416 [85.1%]) were more likely to link successfully to local HIV prevention services, including preexposure prophylaxis, compared with those who underwent universal testing (328 [34.1%]).Conclusions and relevanceThe findings suggest that community-based targeted approaches to HIV testing are more effective than universal screening for reaching young sexual minority males (especially males of color), identifying previously undiagnosed HIV-positive youths, and linking HIV-negative youths to relevant prevention services. Targeted, community-based HIV testing strategies hold promise as a scalable and effective means to identify high-risk youths who are unaware of their HIV status.
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- 2017
48. Decline in Bone Mass With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine Is Associated With Hormonal Changes in the Absence of Renal Impairment When Used by HIV-Uninfected Adolescent Boys and Young Men for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis.
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Havens, Peter L, Stephensen, Charles B, Van Loan, Marta D, Schuster, Gertrud U, Woodhouse, Leslie R, Flynn, Patricia M, Gordon, Catherine M, Pan, Cynthia G, Rutledge, Brandy, Liu, Nancy, Wilson, Craig M, Hazra, Rohan, Hosek, Sybil G, Anderson, Peter L, Seifert, Sharon M, Kapogiannis, Bill G, and Mulligan, Kathleen
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,HIV/AIDS ,Prevention ,Osteoporosis ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Research ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Musculoskeletal ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Bone Density ,Creatinine ,Emtricitabine ,Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,HIV Infections ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Kidney ,Male ,Parathyroid Hormone ,Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ,Renal Insufficiency ,Tenofovir ,Young Adult ,tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ,bone mineral density ,parathyroid hormone ,fibroblast growth factor 23 ,HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis ,Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions 117 study team ,HIV pre- exposure prophylaxis. ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundWe aimed to define the relative importance of renal and endocrine changes in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-related bone toxicity.MethodsIn a study of daily TDF/emtricitabine (FTC) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected young men who have sex with men, we measured changes from baseline in blood and urine markers of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-vitamin D-fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) axis, creatinine, and renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP). We explored the relationship of those variables to changes in bone mineral density (BMD). Tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) in red blood cells was used to categorize participants into high and low drug exposure groups.ResultsThere were 101 participants, median age 20 years (range 15 to 22). Compared with low drug exposure, high-exposure participants showed increase from baseline in PTH and decline in FGF23 by study week 4, with no differences in creatinine, phosphate, or TRP. At 48 weeks, the median (interquartile range) percent decline in total hip BMD was greater in those with high- compared to low- exposure (-1.59 [2.77] vs +1.54 [3.34] %, respectively; P = .001); in high-exposure participants, this correlated with week 4 TFV-DP (inversely; r = -0.60, P = .002) and FGF23 (directly; r = 0.42; P = .039) but not other variables.ConclusionsThese findings support the short-term renal safety of TDF/FTC PrEP in HIV-seronegative young men and suggest that endocrine disruption (PTH-FGF23) is a primary contributor to TDF-associated BMD decline in this age group.Clinical trials registrationNCT01769469.
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- 2017
49. An HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Demonstration Project and Safety Study for Young MSM.
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Hosek, Sybil G, Rudy, Bret, Landovitz, Raphael, Kapogiannis, Bill, Siberry, George, Rutledge, Brandy, Liu, Nancy, Brothers, Jennifer, Mulligan, Kathleen, Zimet, Gregory, Lally, Michelle, Mayer, Kenneth H, Anderson, Peter, Kiser, Jennifer, Rooney, James F, Wilson, Craig M, and Adolescent Trials Network (ATN) for HIVAIDS Interventions
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Adolescent Trials Network (ATN) for HIVAIDS Interventions ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Cities ,Adolescent ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,United States ,Male ,Disease Transmission ,Infectious ,Medication Adherence ,Young Adult ,Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ,preexposure prophylaxis ,youth ,men who have sex with men ,Homosexuality ,Disease Transmission ,Infectious ,Virology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services - Abstract
BackgroundYoung men who have sex with men (YMSM) are a key population for implementation of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interventions. This open-label study examined adherence to PrEP and assessed sexual behavior among a diverse sample of YMSM in 12 US cities.MethodsEligible participants were 18- to 22-year-old HIV-uninfected MSM who reported HIV transmission risk behavior in the previous 6 months. Participants were provided daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (Truvada). Study visits occurred at baseline, monthly through week 12, and then quarterly through week 48. Dried blood spots were serially collected for the quantification of tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP).ResultsBetween March and September 2013, 2186 individuals were approached and 400 were found to be preliminarily eligible. Of those 400, 277 were scheduled for an in-person screening visit and 200 were enrolled (mean age = 20.2; 54.5% black, 26.5% Latino). Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, including urethral and rectal chlamydial/gonococcal infection and syphilis, at baseline was 22% and remained high across visits. At week 4, 56% of participants had TFV-DP levels consistent with ≥4 pills per week. By week 48, 34% of participants had TFV-DP levels consistent with ≥4 pills per week, with a noticeable drop-off occurring at week 24. Four HIV seroconversions occurred on study (3.29/100 person-years). Condomless sex was reported by >80% of participants, and condomless anal sex with last partner was associated with higher TFV-DP levels.ConclusionsAcceptability of PrEP was high, and most participants achieved protective drug levels during monthly visits. As visit frequency decreased, so did adherence. YMSM in the United States may need PrEP access in youth-friendly settings with tailored adherence support and potentially augmented visit schedules.
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- 2017
50. Emtricitabine-Triphosphate in Dried Blood Spots as a Marker of Recent Dosing
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Castillo-Mancilla, Jose, Seifert, Sharon, Campbell, Kayla, Coleman, Stacey, McAllister, Kevin, Zheng, Jia-Hua, Gardner, Edward M, Liu, Albert, Glidden, David V, Grant, Robert, Hosek, Sybil, Wilson, Craig M, Bushman, Lane R, MaWhinney, Samantha, and Anderson, Peter L
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Case-Control Studies ,Dried Blood Spot Testing ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Emtricitabine ,Female ,HIV ,HIV Infections ,Half-Life ,Humans ,Male ,Medication Adherence ,Middle Aged ,Prospective Studies ,Tenofovir ,Microbiology ,Medical Microbiology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Medical microbiology ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
New objective measures of antiretroviral adherence are needed. We determined if emtricitabine triphosphate (FTC-TP) in dried blood spots (DBS) can be used as a marker of recent dosing with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (TDF-FTC). The half-life of FTC-TP was estimated in DBS samples obtained from an intensive pharmacokinetic (PK) study of coformulated TDF-FTC in HIV-negative and HIV-infected participants. The concordance of quantifiable FTC-TP in DBS with tenofovir (TFV)/FTC in plasma was evaluated by utilizing paired plasma-DBS samples from participants enrolled in 2 large preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) open-label trials. The time to FTC-TP nondetectability after TDF-FTC dosing was evaluated utilizing DBS from HIV-negative participants enrolled in a directly observed therapy study of variable adherence to TDF-FTC. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) terminal half-life of FTC-TP in the PK study was 35 (23 to 47) h. A total of 143/163 (88%) samples obtained 0 to 48 h post-TDF-FTC dose had quantifiable FTC-TP in DBS, compared with 2/93 (2%) and 0/87 (0%) obtained >48 and >96 h postdose. In 746 paired plasma-DBS samples from 445 participants enrolled in PrEP trials, when both TFV/FTC in plasma were below the limit of quantification, FTC-TP was as well in 98.9% of the samples, and when either TFV or FTC in plasma was quantifiable, FTC-TP was as well in 90.5% of the samples. The half-life of FTC-TP in DBS is short relative to that of TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP), making it a surrogate for TFV-FTC detection in plasma. FTC-TP can be quantified in DBS simultaneously with TFV-DP, which quantifies cumulative adherence to TDF-FTC. (The clinical trials discussed in this article have been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifiers NCT01040091, NCT02022657, NCT00458393, NCT01772823, and NCT02012621.).
- Published
- 2016
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