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14. Dietary folate intake and fecundability in two preconception cohorts

Author

Cueto, Heidi T, primary, Jacobsen, Bjarke H, additional, Laursen, Anne Sofie Dam, additional, Riis, Anders H, additional, Hatch, Elizabeth E, additional, Wise, Lauren A, additional, Trolle, Ellen, additional, Sørensen, Henrik Toft, additional, Rothman, Kenneth J, additional, Wesselink, Amelia K, additional, Willis, Sydney, additional, Johannesen, Benjamin R, additional, and Mikkelsen, Ellen M, additional

Published
2022
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15. A Prospective Cohort Study of COVID-19 Vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Fertility

Author

Wesselink, Amelia K, primary, Hatch, Elizabeth E, additional, Rothman, Kenneth J, additional, Wang, Tanran R, additional, Willis, Mary D, additional, Yland, Jennifer, additional, Crowe, Holly M, additional, Geller, Ruth J, additional, Willis, Sydney K, additional, Perkins, Rebecca B, additional, Regan, Annette K, additional, Levinson, Jessica, additional, Mikkelsen, Ellen M, additional, and Wise, Lauren A, additional

Published
2022
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19. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF MALE SLEEP AND SEMEN QUALITY

Author

Yland, Jennifer J., primary, Eisenberg, Michael L., additional, Willis, Sydney K., additional, Wang, Tanran R., additional, Hatch, Elizabeth E., additional, Rothman, Kenneth J., additional, Sommer, Greg, additional, and Wise, Lauren A., additional

Published
2021
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21. Prospective Cohort Study of COVID-19 Vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Fertility.

Author

Wesselink, Amelia K, Hatch, Elizabeth E, Rothman, Kenneth J, Wang, Tanran R, Willis, Mary D, Yland, Jennifer, Crowe, Holly M, Geller, Ruth J, Willis, Sydney K, Perkins, Rebecca B, Regan, Annette K, Levinson, Jessica, Mikkelsen, Ellen M, and Wise, Lauren A

Subjects
RISK factors in infertility, COVID-19, CONFIDENCE intervals, COVID-19 vaccines, SELF-evaluation, REGRESSION analysis, RISK assessment, FERTILITY, QUESTIONNAIRES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ATTITUDES toward pregnancy, STATISTICAL models, SEXUAL partners, LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract

Some reproductive-aged individuals remain unvaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of concerns about potential adverse effects on fertility. Using data from an internet-based preconception cohort study, we examined the associations of COVID-19 vaccination and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with fertility among couples trying to conceive spontaneously. We enrolled 2,126 self-identified female participants aged 21–45 year residing in the United States or Canada during December 2020–September 2021 and followed them through November 2021. Participants completed questionnaires every 8 weeks on sociodemographics, lifestyle, medical factors, and partner information. We fit proportional probabilities regression models to estimate associations between self-reported COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in both partners with fecundability (i.e. the per-cycle probability of conception), adjusting for potential confounders. COVID-19 vaccination was not appreciably associated with fecundability in either partner (female fecundability ratio (FR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95, 1.23; male FR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.10). Female SARS-CoV-2 infection was not strongly associated with fecundability (FR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.31). Male infection was associated with a transient reduction in fecundability (for infection within 60 days, FR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.45; for infection after 60 days, FR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.47). These findings indicate that male SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with a short-term decline in fertility and that COVID-19 vaccination does not impair fertility in either partner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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23. The association between seafood intake and fecundability: Analysis from two prospective studies

Author

Wise, Lauren A., Willis, Sydney K., Mikkelsen, Ellen M., Wesselink, Amelia K., Sørensen, Henrik Toft, Rothman, Kenneth J., Tucker, Katherine L., Trolle, Ellen, Vinceti, Marco, Hatch, Elizabeth E., Wise, Lauren A., Willis, Sydney K., Mikkelsen, Ellen M., Wesselink, Amelia K., Sørensen, Henrik Toft, Rothman, Kenneth J., Tucker, Katherine L., Trolle, Ellen, Vinceti, Marco, and Hatch, Elizabeth E.

Abstract

Background: Seafood is an important source of omega‐3 fatty acids, which have been associated with improved oocyte quality and embryo morphology in some studies. However, seafood is also a source of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, which may adversely affect fecundity. Previous studies of seafood intake and fecundity have generated inconsistent results. Methods: In two prospective cohort studies of 7836 female pregnancy planners from Denmark (Snart Foraeldre, n = 2709) and North America (PRESTO, n = 5127), we evaluated the association of dietary intake of total seafood and marine‐sourced long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid) with fecundability. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire on sociodemographics, behavioral factors, anthropometrics, and medical history, and a food frequency questionnaire. Pregnancy status was updated bimonthly for up to 12 months or until reported conception. We estimated fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using proportional probabilities regression models, adjusted for energy intake and other potential confounders. We restricted analyses to women with ≤6 menstrual cycles of attempt time at enrollment. Results: Intake of total seafood or marine‐sourced long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids was not appreciably associated with fecundability in either cohort (≥200 vs. <50 g/week total seafood: FR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79–1.10 in Snart Foraeldre; FR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.90–1.13 in PRESTO; marine fatty acids: ≥90th vs. <25th percentile: FR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.85–1.18 in Snart Foraeldre; FR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.86–1.09 in PRESTO). In PRESTO, where we collected additional data on seafood preparation, we observed an inverse association between fecundability and fried shellfish (≥10 g/week vs. none: FR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.98), but not unfried shellfish (≥20 g/week vs. none: FR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.89–1.07); in Snart Foraeldre, there was no assoc

Published
2020

32. Dietary phytoestrogen intakes of adult women are not strongly related to fecundability in 2 preconception cohort studies

Author

Wesselink, Amelia K, primary, Hatch, Elizabeth E, additional, Mikkelsen, Ellen M, additional, Trolle, Ellen, additional, Willis, Sydney K, additional, McCann, Susan E, additional, Valsta, Liisa, additional, Lundqvist, Annamari, additional, Tucker, Katherine L., additional, Rothman, Kenneth J, additional, and Wise, Lauren A, additional

Published
2020
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38. Bystander Prevention for Sexual Violence: #HowIWillChange and Gaps in Twitter Discourse.

Author

Harlow, Alyssa F., Willis, Sydney K., Smith, Meghan L., and Rothman, Emily F.

Subjects
*SEX crime prevention, *PREVENTION of sexual harassment, *VIOLENCE prevention, *HUMAN rights, *EVALUATION of human services programs, *SOCIAL media, *CONCEPTUAL structures, *DISCOURSE analysis, *CONTENT analysis, *DATA analysis software, *THEMATIC analysis, *HEALTH promotion
Abstract

Twitter has rapidly gained popularity as a space for the public to discuss sexual violence (SV) prevention due to a number of high-profile SV cases. This study aimed to examine Twitter discourse on SV prevention through the hashtag #HowIWillChange, which encouraged Twitter users to come forward and report plans to engage in bystander prevention. We analyzed 1,493 #HowIWillChange tweets from October 2017 through a directed content analysis approach rooted in an evidence-based framework for the continuum of bystander intervention. We assessed emergent themes around how Twitter users discuss SV to identify gaps and misinformation in public Twitter discourse. Although Twitter users discussed a range of prevention strategies, misinformation was also spread, including perpetuation of the myth that only strangers commit rape, that only male children need lessons on consent, and that SV prevention vilifies men. These results can inform health promotion programs aiming to educate the public on bystander prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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43. Post-partum interval and time to pregnancy in a prospective preconception cohort.

Author

Willis, Sydney K., Hatch, Elizabeth E., Wesselink, Amelia K., Rothman, Kenneth J., Mikkelsen, Ellen M., Ahrens, Katherine A., and Wise, Lauren A.

Subjects
*POSTPARTUM depression, *PREGNANCY complications, *MATERNAL health, *MENTAL illness in pregnancy, *MATERNAL health services
Abstract

Background: Little is known about the influence of the post-partum interval-defined as the time between giving birth and attempting to conceive again-on subsequent fecundability.Objectives: We evaluated the association between the post-partum interval and fecundability in Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), a web-based prospective preconception cohort of pregnancy planners from the United States and Canada.Methods: Eligible women were aged 21-45 years, attempting pregnancy, and not using fertility treatment. Women completed a baseline questionnaire to ascertain information on demographics, life style factors, and reproductive history, including detailed information on all previous pregnancies. They completed bi-monthly follow-up questionnaires for up to 12 months to update pregnancy status over time. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for sociodemographic and reproductive history covariates. Analyses were restricted to multiparous women who had been attempting pregnancy with the same male partner for ≤6 menstrual cycles at enrolment.Results: During 2013-2019, 1489 female participants contributed 959 pregnancies and 5003 cycles. The median post-partum interval was 18 months. Compared with a 12- to 23-month post-partum interval, FRs for post-partum intervals of <12, 24-47, and ≥48 months were 0.89 (95% CI 0.77, 1.04), 1.06 (95% CI 0.91, 1.23), and 0.81 (95% CI 0.62, 1.05), respectively. When restricting to women without a history of subfertility, results were consistent for long post-partum interval and attenuated for short post-partum interval.Conclusions: Among North American pregnancy planners, long post-partum intervals (≥48 months) were associated with slightly reduced fecundability. Short post-partum intervals (<12 months) were weakly associated with reduced fecundability in some subgroups including women with a history of caesarean delivery and planned pregnancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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45. Modifiable life style factors and risk for incident endometriosis

Author

Hemmert, Rachael, primary, Schliep, Karen C., additional, Willis, Sydney, additional, Peterson, Charles Matthew, additional, Louis, Germaine Buck, additional, Allen‐Brady, Kristina, additional, Simonsen, Sara E., additional, Stanford, Joseph B., additional, Byun, Jiyoung, additional, and Smith, Ken R., additional

Published
2018
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48. Modifiable life style factors and risk for incident endometriosis.

Author

Hemmert, Rachael, Schliep, Karen C., Willis, Sydney, Stanford, Joseph B., Byun, Jiyoung, Peterson, Charles Matthew, Louis, Germaine Buck, Allen-Brady, Kristina, Simonsen, Sara E., and Smith, Ken R.

Subjects
BEHAVIOR, CAFFEINE, ALCOHOL drinking, ENDOMETRIOSIS, EXERCISE, MARITAL status, RESEARCH funding, SMOKING, COTININE, DISEASE incidence, ODDS ratio
Abstract

Background: Caffeine, alcohol, smoking and physical activity are known to alter sex steroid synthesis, which may affect hormone-dependent gynaecologic disease risk, such as endometriosis; however, few studies have assessed life style factors prior to endometriosis diagnosis.Methods: Four hundred and seventy three women, ages 18-44 years, underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy, regardless of clinical indication, at 14 clinic sites, 2007-2009. Women with prior surgically confirmed endometriosis were excluded. Life style factors were assessed prior to surgery. Adjusted risk ratios (RR) of endometriosis by caffeine, alcohol, smoking (serum cotinine), and physical activity were estimated, adjusting for age, marital status, education, race/ethnicity, age at menarche, gravidity, BMI, study site, and other life style factors.Results: There were no associations between women with endometriosis and alcohol consumption (RR 0.9, 95% CI 0.7, 1.3), caffeine consumption (RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8, 1.5), or smoking (serum cotinine <10 vs ≥10 ng/mL; RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7, 1.6). Similar null findings were found between endometriosis and weekly occurrences of physical activity and total walking, moderate, and vigorous activity; a modest trend was found between total daily sitting time and increased endometriosis risk.Conclusions: This study, which is unique in its capture of life style exposures prior to incident endometriosis diagnosis, largely found no association between alcohol, caffeine, smoking, and physical activity and risk of endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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49. Characterization of an Acinetobacter baumanniiMonofunctional Phosphomethylpyrimidine Kinase That Is Inhibited by Pyridoxal Phosphate

Author

De Vitto, Humberto, Belfon, Kafi K. J., Sharma, Nandini, Toay, Sarah, Abendroth, Jan, Dranow, David. M., Lukacs, Christine M., Choi, Ryan, Udell, Hannah S., Willis, Sydney, Barrera, George, Beyer, Olive, Li, Teng Da, Hicks, Katherine A., Torelli, Andrew T., and French, Jarrod B.

Abstract

Thiamin and its phosphate derivatives are ubiquitous molecules involved as essential cofactors in many cellular processes. The de novobiosynthesis of thiamin employs the parallel synthesis of 4-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiazole (THZ-P) and 4-amino-2-methyl-5(diphosphooxymethyl) pyrimidine (HMP) pyrophosphate (HMP-PP), which are coupled to generate thiamin phosphate. Most organisms that can biosynthesize thiamin employ a kinase (HMPK or ThiD) to generate HMP-PP. In nearly all cases, this enzyme is bifunctional and can also salvage free HMP, producing HMP-P, the monophosphate precursor of HMP-PP. Here we present high-resolution crystal structures of an HMPK from Acinetobacter baumannii(AbHMPK), both unliganded and with pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) noncovalently bound. Despite the similarity between HMPK and pyridoxal kinase enzymes, our kinetics analysis indicates that AbHMPK accepts HMP exclusively as a substrate and cannot turn over pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, or pyridoxine nor does it display phosphatase activity. PLP does, however, act as a weak inhibitor of AbHMPK with an IC50of 768 μM. Surprisingly, unlike other HMPKs, AbHMPK catalyzes only the phosphorylation of HMP and does not generate the diphosphate HMP-PP. This suggests that an additional kinase is present in A. baumannii, or an alternative mechanism is in operation to complete the biosynthesis of thiamin.

Published
2024
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50. Dietary factors and reproductive outcomes

Author

Willis, Sydney Kaye

Subjects
Epidemiology
Abstract

Approximately 10–15% of couples experience infertility, the inability to conceive within 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Infertility often results in substantial psychologic and economic burden and has been associated with long-term adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and gynecologic cancers. As reproductive failures may occur at any point in the cascade of processes necessary for pregnancy to occur, identifying mechanisms of and risk factors for infertility is an important public health goal. Diet, a complex and multi-faceted lifestyle factor, has changed dramatically in both developed and developing nations over the last few decades and currently accounts for nearly a tenth of the global burden of disease. While many studies have examined the role of the intake of specific dietary nutrients or food groups in relation to reproduction, few studies have examined the effect of dietary patterns on reproduction, especially in women without conditions known to impact menstrual function or fertility. Compared with examining individual nutrients, dietary patterns better reflect how individuals eat, thus investigations of the health effects of dietary patterns provide more translatable evidence for designing health interventions and improving population health. The objective of this dissertation is to examine the impact of dietary patterns and food allergens, which may have increased due in part to shifting dietary patterns, on fertility in women. Examining the association between dietary patterns and reproductive hormones may help elucidate the potential mechanism of how diet relates to fertility. In study one, we used data from BioCycle, a prospective cohort of regularly-menstruating premenopausal women living in New York state, to examine the association between three dietary patterns (the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010, the alternative Mediterranean diet (aMed), and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)) and reproductive hormone serum concentrations and anovulation. We observed that greater adherence to each of these dietary patterns was associated with slight hormonal changes and that these changes may be associated with ovulatory function. We found that women with the greatest adherence to the HEI-2010, the aMed, or the most anti-inflammatory diet had greater risk of anovulation than those with the lowest level of adherence or the least anti-inflammatory diet (Risk Ratio (RR): 2.65, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.02; 3.47; RR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.60; RR:1.62, 95% CI: 1.23–2.14, respectively). In study two, we used data from Snart Foraeldre (SF) and Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), two preconception cohorts of pregnancy planners in Denmark and North America, respectively, to evaluate the association between the same three dietary patterns assessed in study one (HEI-2010, aMed, and the DII), with the addition of the Danish Dietary Guidelines Index (DDGI), and fecundability, the per-cycle probability of conception. In both cohorts, we observed that consuming a dietary pattern lower in anti-inflammatory properties was associated with reduced fecundability. In the PRESTO cohort, we observed greater fecundability with greater adherence to the HEI-2010 or the aMed. We did not observe an appreciable association between greater adherence to the DDGI or the aMed and fecundability in SF. In study three, we used data from PRESTO to evaluate the association between food allergens and fecundability. We found no appreciable association between history of diagnosed food allergy and fecundability. Within subsets of the cohort, including among those with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 or women born ≥1990, we observed a slight association between food allergens and reduced fecundability. In conclusion, we observed that those with greater adherence to each of the dietary patterns or to more anti-inflammatory diets had an increased risk of anovulation. Conversely, we observed that those with greater adherence to specific dietary patterns or a more anti-inflammatory diet had improved fecundability. We observed a slight association between dietary patterns and reproductive hormone levels, a potential mechanism underling the association between dietary patterns and anovulation and fecundability. We observed no appreciable association between food allergies and fecundability. These findings indicate that dietary factors likely play a role in the etiology of infertility but there may be different mechanisms, likely multifactorial and not yet understood, underlying each of these associations.

Published
2021

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