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Many professors, especially at the associate level, say yes to service requests despite the pervasive advice to "just say no." Much of this service constitutes "invisible labor" that diverts time and energy from efforts required to advance to the full professor rank. Based on in-depth interview research with 25 tenured professors, this article outlines how different groups of faculty negotiate invisible labor, highlights institutional inequities that unevenly determine patterns of invisible labor, and connects invisible labor to broader neoliberal forces. For women faculty of color in particular, a "no" is not always respected by more powerful institutional actors, and the individualized emphasis on "just saying no" to service brings with it both individual and collective costs. This article suggests that institutional and cultural change may ameliorate the racialized and gendered inequities associated with invisible labor more effectively than the individualized advice to "just say no."

At the heart of the neoliberal university, affective energies linked to roles, responsibilities, expectations, policies, and bodies impact the atmosphere of university life. Associate professors report the highest levels of dissatisfaction among all ranks, as they find themselves entangled in affective knots. To understand these knots in associate professor lifeworlds, we solicit their accounts and reveal affective pain points in the neoliberal university. In this paper, we illuminate the affective knots of melancholy, stasis, and death, giving voice, feeling, and texture to associate professors' dissatisfaction within the neoliberal institution. However invisible, these affective knots threaten the university's teaching, learning, scholarship, and social transformation.

The application of environmental DNA (eDNA) methods to simultaneously study vertebrate diversity holds promise to accelerate conservation efforts, especially in freshwater systems which are among the most imperiled in the world. Here, using eDNA sampling, we identify patterns of vertebrate biodiversity across different habitats of the Kankakee River watershed, one of the most diverse lotic systems in Illinois, USA. Our eDNA metabarcoding analyses identified 147 different taxa, including 77 fishes, 38 birds, 24 mammals, five amphibians and three reptiles at 11 locations in the watershed, including tributaries and mainstem stretches upstream and within the Kankakee River State Park protected area. When compared to seining, eDNA sampling consistently detected more fish species, including non-native and imperiled species. We also found that vertebrate communities among the different habitats significantly varied in taxonomic composition, showing an upstream-downstream shift along the mainstem river as well as tributary-specific assemblages. Our study demonstrates the ability of single-marker eDNA metabarcoding to simultaneously document aquatic and terrestrial communities across large temperate lotic ecosystems and to monitor diversity patterns across protected areas.

Abstract Background Poor oral health has been widely recognised as an ongoing public health issue. Patients with oral conditions may visit either a general practitioner (GP) or a dental practitioner for management. The aims of this study are to report (i) the GP management rate of oral health conditions by patient and GP demographics, (ii) what specific oral conditions were managed, and (iii) how GPs managed oral conditions. Methods Data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health study (2006 to 2016 inclusive) were analysed. Descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals around point estimates were used to summarise data. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the independent effect of patient and GP characteristics. Results A total of 972,100 GP encounters were included in the dataset, with oral condition-related encounters managed at a rate of 1.19 oral conditions per 100 GP encounters. Patients who were aged 54 years or younger, resided in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area, came from a non-English speaking background or Indigenous background were more likely to have oral conditions managed by GPs. The most commonly reported oral conditions were dental and oral mucosa-related. Over 60% of oral conditions were managed by GPs through prescribed medications. Conclusions This study provided an overview of management of oral conditions by GPs in Australia. Patients from certain vulnerable demographic groups were more likely to attend a GP for management of oral conditions. Common oral conditions and management approaches were identified. The findings of this study contribute to public health and health policy discussions around optimising primary care provision in oral health.

At the heart of the neoliberal university, affective energies linked to roles, responsibilities, expectations, policies, and bodies impact the atmosphere of university life. Associate professors report the highest levels of dissatisfaction among all ranks, as they find themselves entangled in affective knots. To understand these knots in associate professor lifeworlds, we solicit their accounts and reveal affective pain points in the neoliberal university. In this paper, we illuminate the affective knots of melancholy, stasis, and death, giving voice, feeling, and texture to associate professors' dissatisfaction within the neoliberal institution. However invisible, these affective knots threaten the university's teaching, learning, scholarship, and social transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aimsHigh quality clinical research that addresses important questions requires significant resources. In resource-constrained environments, projects will therefore need to be prioritized. The Australia and New Zealand Musculoskeletal (ANZMUSC) Clinical Trials Network aimed to develop a stakeholder-based, transparent, easily implementable tool that provides a score for the 'importance' of a research question which could be used to rank research projects in order of importance.MethodsUsing a mixed-methods, multi-stage approach that included a Delphi survey, consensus workshop, inter-rater reliability testing, validity testing and calibration using a discrete-choice methodology, the Research Question Importance Tool (ANZMUSC-RQIT) was developed. The tool incorporated broad stakeholder opinion, including consumers, at each stage and is designed for scoring by committee consensus.ResultsThe ANZMUSC-RQIT tool consists of 5 dimensions (compared to 6 dimensions for an earlier version of RQIT): (1) extent of stakeholder consensus, (2) social burden of health condition, (3) patient burden of health condition, (4) anticipated effectiveness of proposed intervention, and (5) extent to which health equity is addressed by the research. Each dimension is assessed by defining ordered levels of a relevant attribute and by assigning a score to each level. The scores for the dimensions are then summed to obtain an overall ANZMUSC-RQIT score, which represents the importance of the research question. The result is a score on an interval scale with an arbitrary unit, ranging from 0 (minimal importance) to 1000. The ANZMUSC-RQIT dimensions can be reliably ordered by committee consensus (ICC 0.73-0.93) and the overall score is positively associated with citation count (standardised regression coefficient 0.33, pConclusionWe propose that the ANZMUSC-RQIT is a useful tool for prioritising the importance of a research question.

IntroductionA national consensus panel was convened to develop recommendations on future directions for home-based dementia care (HBDC).MethodsThe panel summarized advantages and challenges of shifting to HBDC as the nexus of care and developed consensus-based recommendations.ResultsThe panel developed five core recommendations: (1) HBDC should be considered the nexus of new dementia models, from diagnosis to end of life in dementia; (2) new payment models are needed to support HBDC and reward integration of care; (3) a diverse new workforce that spans the care continuum should be prepared urgently; (4) new technologies to promote communication, monitoring/safety, and symptoms management must be tested, integrated, and deployed; and (5) targeted dissemination efforts for HBDC must be employed.DiscussionHBDC represents a promising paradigm shift to improve care for those living with dementia and their family caregivers: these recommendations provide a framework to chart a course forward for HBDC.

The process of revising the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) is ongoing. A successful revision must be theoretically sound, so it must be based on a recognized paradigm for scientific data analysis. The major candidate paradigms of statistical inference are the frequentist paradigm — where probability statements are only used to describe the frequency behaviour of processes — and the Bayesian paradigm — where probability statements are also used to describe the degree of belief of the speaker and where the subject of that belief may be the unknown value of a constant. These paradigms are incompatible, and there remains disagreement about which should form the basis of the practical procedures advocated in a revised GUM. This paper uses published results to examine foundational ideas in two different Bayesian approaches, which themselves are inconsistent at a basic, conceptual, level. So-called ‘objective’ Bayesian statistics is based on the premise that a probability distribution can accurately represent a set of information about a constant, which is a premise of the system of analysis currently favoured by the BIPM. This premise is proven to lead to a logical contradiction, which renders the theory untenable. In contrast, subjective Bayesian methods are theoretically satisfactory if they are used in their proper context, which is the context of personal decision-making. But simple examples show that the use of subjective probability in a client-centred measurement can lead to unacceptable results. These examples involve the mixing of epistemic uncertainty (the uncertainty of personal doubt) with aleatory uncertainty (the uncertainty of an unpredictable physical process). They show that these two types of uncertainty cannot always be treated as one, which is a conclusion with profound implications for the role of Bayesian statistics in science. The analysis in this paper also involves a discussion of the ‘meaning’ of probability, which has been a divisive subject for many years. It is argued here that the implied question is inappropriate: the relevant question is not “what does probability mean?” but “what role can probability meaningfully and accurately play?” The results about objective and subjective Bayesian statistics discussed in this paper support the conclusion that a sound and practical system of analysis must be based on the frequency role of probability.

This paper presents a simple, neo-classical, method of uncertainty analysis based on the idea that measurement is a procedure that incurs errors. Following a correct interpretation of CIPM Recommendation INC-1 (1980), the method approaches the task of combining random and systematic (deterministic) errors by considering the systematic errors to have been drawn from hypothetical populations whose variances contribute to the law of propagation of error in the usual manner. In Type B evaluation of uncertainty, (which typically relates to systematic components), the method propagates the shapes of the error distributions via the concept of kurtosis and avoids the artificial use of degrees of freedom — which is a known weakness of the procedure of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. The method has the properties of internal consistency and transferability, and its coherent theoretical basis promotes universality. The method is tuned for simplicity and good performance in simulated measurements. Such simulations give meaning to the idea that a method of uncertainty analysis is to exhibit validity.

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and COPD are chronic medical conditions, for which patients need lifelong healthcare. The aim of this study is to examine in which healthcare setting patients with T2DM and COPD receive their care, and if this is the correct healthcare setting according to guidelines. Method T2DM and COPD patients from five primary care practices were included. Data concerning healthcare setting and patient- and clinical characteristics were extracted from the electronic medical records. Patient profiles treated in primary care were compared with the profiles of those treated in secondary care. In patients treated in secondary care we evaluated whether treatment allocation was according to the guidelines and if back-referral to primary care should take place. Results Of the T2DM and COPD patients 7.6% and 29.6% respectively, were treated in secondary care, and 72.7% respectively 31.4% of these were according to the guideline. T2DM patients treated in primary care were older (63 versus 57 years, p

Many professors, especially at the associate level, say yes to service requests despite the pervasive advice to "just say no." Much of this service constitutes "invisible labor" that diverts time and energy from efforts required to advance to the full professor rank. Based on in-depth interview research with 25 tenured professors, this article outlines how different groups of faculty negotiate invisible labor, highlights institutional inequities that unevenly determine patterns of invisible labor, and connects invisible labor to broader neoliberal forces. For women faculty of color in particular, a "no" is not always respected by more powerful institutional actors, and the individualized emphasis on "just saying no" to service brings with it both individual and collective costs. This article suggests that institutional and cultural change may ameliorate the racialized and gendered inequities associated with invisible labor more effectively than the individualized advice to "just say no". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palabras pronunciadas por el Dr. Abraham Willink en el acto de clausura de las Primeras Jornadas Argentinas de Zoología.

Se hace una revisión del género Incodynerus Willink, con consideraciones generales y una clave para las especies. Se describen cuatro nuevas especies y se da una nueva descripción de tres que se conocían sólo a partir de los tipos. El género se divide en dos grupos, el de I. romandinus (Sauss.) e I. vilcanotae (Zay.), el primero con las especies I. romandinus (Sauss.), I. coccincipes (Zay.), I. tegularis (Schrott.), I. moei n. sp. e I. ambiguo n. sp. y el segundo con: I. vilcanotae (Zay.), I. melanotrichus n. sp. e I. alticola n. sp.