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5. Identification of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Genotypes with Potential for Hydric and Heat Stress Tolerance in Northeastern Mexico

Author

Galicia-Juárez, Marisol, primary, Zavala-García, Francisco, additional, Sinagawa-García, Sugey Ramona, additional, Gutiérrez-Diez, Adriana, additional, Williams-Alanís, Héctor, additional, Cisneros-López, María Eugenia, additional, Valle-Gough, Raúl Enrique, additional, Flores-Garivay, Rodrigo, additional, and Santillano-Cázares, Jesús, additional

Published
2021
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7. Potencial productivo de variedades experimentales de sorgo blanco para el sur de Tamaulipas

Author

Williams Alanís, Héctor, Aranda Lara, Ulises, Arcos Cavazos, Gerardo, Zavala García, Francisco, Rodríguez Vázquez, María del Carmen, Olivares Sáenz, Emilio, Williams Alanís, Héctor, Aranda Lara, Ulises, Arcos Cavazos, Gerardo, Zavala García, Francisco, Rodríguez Vázquez, María del Carmen, and Olivares Sáenz, Emilio

Abstract

Introduction: In Mexico, sorghum ranks third in area planted after maize and beans. Tamaulipas is the main sorghum producing state, where an average of 895 thousand hectares are planted and two million 383 thousand tons are produced annually. However, this area presents a dependency problem because seeds are imported and expensive. The objective of this work was to determine the productive potential and stability of an experimental varieties group derived from the crossing of RB-Paloma x Fortuna. Method: 14 experimental varieties were evaluated from 2013 to 2017, in three irrigated environments and one on dryland. The controls were the commercial varieties that gave rise to the experimental varieties: RB-Paloma and Fortuna. The study was conducted in the Cuauhtémoc Experimental Station of INIFAP in Altamira, Tamaulipas. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with three replicates. The GGE biplot model was used for phenotypic stability analysis for grain yield. Results: The experimental variety 196-2, presented an average grain yield (p≤0.05) of 3,533 kg ha-1, it was similar to RB-Paloma (2,955 kg ha-1) and superior to Fortuna (2,494 kg ha-1) in 41.7 %. In addition, this variety was earlier to bloom (74.1 days) than Fortuna (84.3 days). The Parameters stability indicated that variety 196-2 presented high grain yield, stability and better response to environment. The experimental varieties 197-2 and 206-1 presented a good average grain yield and stability, in addition to a fresh biomass yield (p≤0.05) of 27.822 and 27.914 kg ha-1 respectively, which was equal to that of Fortuna (28,541 kg ha-1) and higher than that of RB-Paloma (18,419 kg ha-1) by 55%. They were earlier to flowering 77 and 75.3 days respectively than Fortuna. The variety 197-2 had lower disease incidence than RB-Paloma. Discussion or Conclusion: The experimental varieties 196-2, 197-2 and 206-1 presented the better agronomic characteristics for the southern region of Tamaul, Resumen: Introducción: En México el cultivo de sorgo ocupa el tercer lugar en superficie sembrada después del maíz y frijol. Tamaulipas es el principal estado productor de sorgo, donde se siembra en promedio 895 mil hectáreas y se producen dos millones 383 mil toneladas anuales; sin embargo, esta zona presenta el problema de dependencia de semilla para siembra importada y cara. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el potencial productivo y estabilidad, de un grupo de variedades experimentales derivadas de la cruza de RB-Paloma x Fortuna. Método: Se evaluaron 14 variedades experimentales, durante los años 2013 a 2017, en tres ambientes de riego y uno de secano. Los testigos fueron las variedades comerciales que les dieron origen a las variedades experimentales: RB-Paloma y Fortuna. El sitio de evaluación fue la estación Cuauhtémoc, Altamira, Tamaulipas, perteneciente al INIFAP. Se aplicó el diseño experimental bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. El modelo GGE biplot se usó para el análisis de estabilidad fenotípica para rendimiento de grano. Resultados: En los cuatro ambientes de evaluación la variedad experimental 196-2 presentó un rendimiento de grano promedio (p≤0,05) de 3,533 kg ha-1, similar al de RB-Paloma (2,955 kg ha-1) y superior al de Fortuna (2,494 kg ha-1) en 41.7 %. Además, esta variedad fue más precoz a la floración (74.1 días) que Fortuna (84.3 días). Los parámetros de estabilidad indicaron que 196-2 presentó alto rendimiento medio de grano, estabilidad y mejor respuesta en los ambientes. Las variedades experimentales 197-2 y 206-1 presentaron un buen rendimiento medio de grano y estabilidad, además de un rendimiento de biomasa fresca (p≤0,05) de 27,822 y 27,914 kg ha-1 respectivamente, similar al de Fortuna (28,541 kg ha-1) y superior al de RB-Paloma (18,419 kg ha-1) en 55 %; además, fueron más precoces a la floración (77 y 75.3 días, respectivamente) que Fortuna. La variedad 197-2 fue más tolerante a enfermedades foliares que

Published
2021

10. Características agronómicas asociadas a la producción de bioetanol en genotipos de sorgo dulce

Author

Williams Alanís, Héctor, Zavala García, Francisco, Arcos Cavazos, Gerardo, Rodríguez Vázquez, María del Carmen, and Olivares Sáenz, Emilio

Subjects
biomass production, mejoramiento genético, producción de biomasa, energía renovable, sorghum breeding, Sorghum bicolor, renewable energy
Abstract

Energy production from sorghum bioethanol is a way to help decrease climate change and environmental degradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics associated to bioethanol production in experimental genotypes of sweet sorghum. During 2013 and 2014, seventeen sweet genotypes were evaluated in two locations, this locations are situated in northeastern Mexico, under a complete block randomly design with three replications. The three experiments were executed in Estacion Cuauhtemoc, Tamaulipas, in dryland; and two in Marin, Nuevo León, under irrigation. Experimental hybrid Potranca x Keller (p≤0.05) presented the highest values (kg/ha) in: biomass weight (52 125), stem (39 650), panicle (4550), leaf (7700), juice (14 125), and bioethanol (2157 l/ha); it surpassed to the most productive control (Keller) in: 35,7, 32,5, 63,2, 41,6, 32,5, and 36,8%, respectively. It bloomed 6.8 days earlier than variety control. Experimental variety 17-1-1-1 had a minor foliar incidence of diseases in comparison to Keller. In addition, it presented agronomic characteristics similar to control in: biomass weight (44 375 kg/ha), stem (35 438 kg/ha), panicle (2488 kg/ha), leaf (6400 kg/ha), juice (11 750 kg/ha), plant dry weight (19 113 kg/ha), stem dry weight (14 888 kg/ha), bioethanol production (1929 l/ha), °Brix (15,2), days to flowering (80,8) and plant height (224 cm). La producción de energía a partir de bioetanol de sorgo, es una manera de ayudar a aminorar el cambio climático y el deterioro del ambiente. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar las características agronómicas asociadas a la producción de bioetanol en genotipos experimentales de sorgo dulce. Durante los años 2013 y 2014 se evaluaron diecisiete genotipos dulces en dos localidades del noreste de México, bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones: tres experimentos en la Estación Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas, en temporal; y dos en Marín, Nuevo León, en riego. El híbrido experimental Potranca x Keller obtuvo los valores más altos (p≤0,05) (kg/ha) en: peso de biomasa (52 125), de tallo (39 650), de espiga (4550), de hoja (7700), de jugo (14 125) y de bioetanol (2157 l/ha); y superó al testigo más productivo (Keller) en: 35,7, 32,5, 63,2, 41,6, 36,8 y 32,5%, respectivamente. Además, fue 6,8 días más precoz en cuanto a la floración que el testigo. La variedad experimental 17-1-1-1 se identificó con menor incidencia a enfermedades foliares que Keller. Además, presentaron características agronómicas similares al testigo en: peso de biomasa (44 375 kg/ha), de tallo (35 438 kg/ha), de espiga (2488 kg/ha), de hoja (6400 kg/ha), de jugo (11 750 kg/ha), peso seco de planta (19 113 kg/ha), peso seco de tallo (14 888 kg/ha), producción de bioetanol (1929 l/ha), °Brix (15,2), días a floración (80,8) y altura de planta (224 cm).

Published
2017

12. Comportamiento agronómico de híbridos y progenitores de sorgo para grano en las Huastecas

Author

Williams-Alanís, Héctor and Arcos-Cavazos, Gerardo

Subjects
grain yield, heterosis, plant breeding, heterobeltiosis, Sorghum bicolor, rendimiento de grano, mejoramiento genético de plantas
Abstract

The objective of the study was to determine the productivity of experimental hybrids of grain sorghum group in the Huastecas region, contrasting with commercial checks and parents. At Estación Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas, Mexico, three trials with 49 experimental and commercial hybrids were established during the spring-summer cycles 2005, 2006 y 2007 in dry land conditions. In 2008 in dry land, a trail was established with 28 hybrids and parents. In all cases we used a randomized block design with four replications. Experimental hybrids were identified as agronomically similar to commercials. One of the best hybrids was RB-104xRTx437, which produced 6403 kg/ha of grain. It was equal (p≤0.05) to: RB-Patron (6288 kg/ha), A. Amber (6028 kg/ha), DK-65 (5763 kg/ha) and RB-4000 (5700 kg/ha) was superior to Pioneer 82G63 (4796 kg/ha), Pioneer 84G62 (4256 kg/ha) and Z-400 (4218 kg/ha). The hybrid was also (p≤0.05) the earliest to flower (62 d) compared to to A. Ambar (65 d) and DK-65 (66 d). The experimental hybrids were higher yielding (2924 kg/ha), taller (17 cm), more precocious (-4.5 DF), had longer panicle length (0.9 cm) and exsercion (3,5 cm), and lower foliar diseases incidence (-0.24) than their parents. RTx437 was the best parent with grain yield (3598 kg/ha) equal (p≤0.05) to the hybrids. El objetivo de este estudio fue medir la productividad de un grupo de híbridos experimentales de sorgo para grano en la región de las Huastecas, contrastándolos con los testigos comerciales y progenitores. Durante los ciclos primavera verano 2005, 2006 y 2007 en temporal, se establecieron en Estación Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas, México, tres ensayos con 49 híbridos experimentales y comerciales. En el 2008 durante el mismo ciclo en temporal, se estableció un ensayo con 28 híbridos y progenitores. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se identificaron híbridos experimentales agronómicamente similares a los comerciales. Uno de los mejores fue RB-104xRTx437, el cual produjo 6403 kg/ha de grano. Fue igual (p≤0,05) a: RB-Patrón (6288 kg/ha), A. Ámbar (6028 kg/ha), DK-65 (5763 kg/ha) y RB-4000 (5700 kg/ha), y superior a Pioneer 82G63 (4796 kg/ha), Pioneer 84G62 (4256 kg/ha) y Z-400 (4218 kg/ha). Este híbrido fue (p≤0,05) más precoz a la floración (62) que A. Ámbar (65) y DK-65 (66). Los híbridos experimentales fueron más rendidores (2924 kg/ha), más altos (17 cm), más precoces (-4,5 DF), de mayor longitud de la espiga (0,9 cm) y exserción (3,5 cm), y menor incidencia de enfermedades foliares (-0,24) que sus padres. RTx437, fue el mejor progenitor con un rendimiento de grano (3598 kg/ha) igual (p≤0,05) a los híbridos.

Published
2015

14. MODELO DE FINLAY Y WILKINSON VS. EL MODELO AMMI PARA ANALIZAR LA INTERACCIÓN GENOTIPO-AMBIENTE EN SORGO

Author

Williams-Alanís, Héctor, primary, Pecina-Quintero, Víctor, additional, Zavala-García, Francisco, additional, Montes-García, Noé, additional, Gámez-Vázquez, A. Josué, additional, Arcos-Cavazos, Gerardo, additional, García-Gracia, Miguel A., additional, Montes-Hernández, Salvador, additional, and Alcalá-Salinas, Leticia, additional

Published
2010
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16. Reacción de Variedades de Sorgo [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] para Grano a Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.

Author

Williams-Alanís, Héctor, Pecina-Quintero, Víctor, Montes-García, Noé, Palacios-Velarde, Oscar, Arcos-Cavazos, Gerardo, and Antonio Vidal-Martínez, Víctor

Subjects
*SORGHUM diseases & pests, *MACROPHOMINA phaseolina, *WATER in agriculture, *CROP yields
Abstract

The present study is aimed to evaluate the reaction to M. phaseolina from seven commercial and experimental sorghum varieties and two hybrids. Sorghum stalk rot caused by M. phaseolina is the most important sorghum disease in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico because when drought and high temperatures are prevalent, it causes up to 100% losses in grain yield. This study was established in Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico during 2006 autumn-winter cycles with a pre-planting irrigation, and in 2007 under rainfall conditions in a randomized block design with four replications. Sorghum plants were inoculated with M. phaseolina using the toothpick technique, as proposed by Edmunds in 1964. There were significant differences among years and, in 2006 there was a greater lesion length (23.1 cm) than in 2007 experiment (17.5 cm). This was related to higher temperatures and a more severe drought, present in 2006 at sorghum flowering and grain filling stages. Results indicated that in both years, Amarillo Precoz variety (9.2 cm) was significantly more tolerant than S-23 (15.5 cm), VAR-9 (19.6 cm), Mazatlán 16 (21.6 cm) and Perla 101 varieties (23.2 cm) and RB-3030 (17.3 cm) hybrid. Furthermore, Amarillo Precoz revealed a similar M. phaseolina tolerance than Dulce (12.1 cm), Costeño 201 (14.2 cm) and Asgrow Ambar. There was no correlation between lesion length and grain yield; hybrids showed a greater yield than varieties. Amarillo Precoz was selected as a source of tolerance to M. phaseolina and would be used as a variety or hybrid parental line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

17. Evaluación de Híbridos de Sorgo [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] para Resistencia a Pudrición Carbonosa [Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.]en Tamaulipas, México.

Author

Williams-Alanís, Héctor, Pecina-Quintero, Víctor, Montes-García, Noé, Zavala-García, Francisco, Arcos-Cavazos, Gerardo, and Gámez-Vázquez2, Alfredo Josué

Subjects
*MACROPHOMINA phaseolina, *CHARCOAL rot, *FUNGAL diseases of plants, *SORGHUM, *ARID regions
Abstract

Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (MP) is the most important disease that limits sorghum dryland production in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Grain yield losses caused by MP are approximately 30%. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of experimental and commercial hybrids to MP and identify MP tolerant progenitors. Experimental hybrids RB-118 x 435 and RB-27 x 437 showed MP tolerance and grain field similar to commercial checks Pioneer 82G63, Pioneer 84G62, RB-Patrón, Asgrow Z- 400, RB-3030, and DK-47, and greater than Asgrow-Ámbar. Progenitor females that produced tolerant MP hybrids were LRB-118 and R-27, and males Tx-435 and Tx-437. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

18. Incidencia de Carbón de la Panoja Sporisorium reilianum (Kühn) Langdon y Fullerton en Híbridos de Sorgo [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] para Grano.

Author

Williams-Alanís, Héctor, Pecina-Quintero, Víctor, Montes-García, Noé, Arcos-Cavazos, Gerardo, Francisco Zavala-García, and Gámez-Vázquez, Alfredo Josué

Subjects
*SORGHUM diseases & pests, *SMUT diseases, *EXPERIMENTAL design, *GENETIC polymorphisms
Abstract

Sorghum head smut (Sporisorium reilianum) is an important disease in Northern Tamaulipas, Mexico. In some years, this disease may affect sorghum susceptible genotypes up to 80% in certain areas. In this study, the reaction of 49 experimental and commercial grain sorghum hybrids to S. reilianum was evaluated, with the objective to identify resistant hybrids to this disease (0-3% incidence), which could be used as parental lines. The evaluation was conducted under irrigation and natural infection in Empalme County in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico, during the Fall-Winter seasons 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. The experimental design was a duplicated simple latice 7 × 7 with four replications. Commercial and experimental resistant hybrids with acceptable grain yield (4 ton ha-1) were detected; the most outstanding were Pioneer 82G63, RB-5x204, RB-118x437, Asgrow Ámbar, RB-118x204 and RB-119x430 with 0, 0.8, 1.1, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.1% incidence, respectively. The parental lines that produced the most resistant hybrids were the female line 46038 and male lines Tx-437 and LRB-204. They generated the most resistant experimental hybrid 46038x437 with only 0.2% incidence of head smut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

19. Diversidad Genética de Cornezuelo (Claviceps africana Frederickson, Mantle y de Milliano) de Sorgo [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] en México.

Author

Peccina-Quintero, Víctor, Montes-García, Noé, Williams-Alanís, Héctor, Hernández-Delgado, Sanjuana, Mayek-Pérez, Netzahualcóyotl, and Prom, Louis K.

Subjects
*CLAVICEPS, *SORGHUM diseases & pests, *GRASS diseases & pests, *ANALYSIS of variance, *ERGOT, *FUNGI, *GENOTYPE-environment interaction
Abstract

The article presents a study on the pathogenicity of two isolates ergot or Claviceps africana obtained from Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, and Celaya in Guanajuato, Mexico. It states that the two isolates of ergot were evaluated on six hybrids and three male sterile sorghum lines, and a genetic analysis was performed in twelve isolates of the fungus using AFLPs markers. It discusses that the analysis of variance showed substantial differences between isolates for pathogenicity, and differences between genotypes, locations, pnating dates and years. It mentions that in general, three groups of ergot genotypes are affecting sorghum in Mexico, where one is in the Bajio area, another in Tamaulipas, and one in Sinaloa.

Published
2007

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