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247 results on '"Williams CT"'

1. A high-resolution melt curve toolkit to identify lineage-defining SARS-CoV-2 mutations

Author

Fraser, AJ, Greenland-Bews, C, Kelly, D, Williams, CT, Bengey, D, Buist, K, Clerkin, K, Finch, LS, Gould, S, Kontogianni, K, Savage, HR, Thompson, CR, Wardale, J, Watkins, RL, Wooding, D, Allen, AJ, Body, R, Braybrook, J, Buckle, P, Clark, E, Dark, P, Davis, K, Gordon, A, Hayward, G, Halstead, A, Harden, C, Inkson, C, Jones, N, Jones, W, Lasserson, D, Lee, J, Lendrem, C, Lewington, A, Logan, M, Micocci, M, Nicholson, B, Perera-Salazar, R, Prestwich, G, Price, A, Reynard, C, Riley, B, Simpson, AJ, Tate, V, Turner, P, Wilcox, M, Zhifang, M, Adams, ER, Atienzar, AC, Edwards, T, and Allen, DJ

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2/genetics, Mutation, Humans, COVID-19, Biological Assay, Genomics
Abstract

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs), with mutations linked to increased transmissibility, vaccine escape and virulence, has necessitated the widespread genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. This has placed a strain on global sequencing capacity, especially in areas lacking the resources for large scale sequencing activities. Here we have developed three separate multiplex high-resolution melting assays to enable the identification of Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron VOCs. The assays were evaluated against whole genome sequencing on upper-respiratory swab samples collected during the Alpha, Delta and Omicron [BA.1] waves of the UK pandemic. The sensitivities of the eight individual primer sets were all 100%, and specificity ranged from 94.6 to 100%. The multiplex HRM assays have potential as a tool for high throughput surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, particularly in areas with limited genomics facilities.

Published
2023
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3. Isotopic Niche Partitioning and Individual Specialization in an Arctic Raptor Guild

Author

Williams Ct, Henderson Mt, Anderson Dl, Booms Tl, and Johnson Dl

Subjects
Geography, Arctic, Ecology, Specialization (functional), Guild, Niche differentiation
Abstract

Intra- and inter-specific resource partitioning within predator communities is a fundamental component of trophic ecology, and one proposed mechanism for how populations partition resources is through individual niche variation. The Niche Variation Hypothesis (NVH) predicts that interindividual trait variation leads to functional trade-offs in foraging efficiency, resulting in populations comprised of individual dietary specialists. A modified version of the NVH [mNVH] predicts niche specialization is plastic and responsive to fluctuating resource availability. We quantified niche overlap and tested the mNVH within an Arctic raptor guild, focusing on three species that employ different foraging strategies: Golden Eagles (generalists); Gyrfalcons (facultative specialists); and Rough-legged Hawks (specialists). Tundra ecosystems exhibit cyclic populations of arvicoline rodents (lemmings and voles), providing a unique system under which to examine interannual fluctuations in predator resource availability. Using blood δ13C & δ15N values from 189 raptor nestlings on Alaska’s Seward Peninsula (2014–2019), we calculated isotopic niche width and used Bayesian stable isotope mixing models (BSIMMs) to characterize individual specialization and test the mNVH. We observed a high degree of isotopic niche overlap between the three species and variable trophic responses to different stages of the arvicoline rodent cycle. Elevated arvicoline rodent abundance corresponded to reduced niche overlap among species and increased individual specialization in Golden Eagles and Gyrfalcons. Further, Gyrfalcons displayed a positive relationship between individual specialization and population niche width on an interannual basis consistent with the mNVH. Our findings suggest plasticity in niche specialization may reduce intra- and inter-specific resource competition under dynamic ecological conditions.

Published
2021
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4. Sadiman Volcano, Crater Highlands, Tanzania; does it really contain melilitites and carbonatites or its is just a phonolite-nephelinite volcano?

Author

Zaitsev, AN, Wenzel, T, Markl, G, Spratt, J, Petrov, SV, Williams, CT, Zaitsev, AN, Wenzel, T, Markl, G, Spratt, J, Petrov, SV, and Williams, CT

Abstract

Sadiman is 4.8-4.0 Ma old volcano located in the Crater Highlands area in northern Tanzania. Limited published data and field observations show that it consists of interlayered phonolitic tuffs and nephelinitic lavas. Rare xenoliths of phonolite and ijolite were observed in the nephelinites. It was suggested that Sadiman volcano contains melilititic and carbonatitic rocks. These also occur as tuffs in the Laetoli area where fossilised footprints from human ancestors are known which is why Sadiman is of special interest as a possible source of them., The attached document is the authors’ final accepted/submitted version of the journal article. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it., NHM Repository

Published
2020

5. Multiplicity dependence of pion, kaon, proton and lambda production in p-Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV

Author

B. Abelev bq, J. Adam aj, D. Adamová by, A. M. Adare dv, M. M. Aggarwal cc, G. Aglieri Rinella ag, M. Agnello ci, A. G. Agocs du, A. Agostinelli y, Z. Ahammed dq, N. Ahmad p, A. Ahmad Masoodi p, I. Ahmed n, S. U. Ahn bj, S. A. Ahn bj, I. Aimo cz, S. Aiola dv, M. Ajaz n, A. Akindinov ba, D. Aleksandrov co, B. Alessandro cz, D. Alexandre cq, A. Alici k, A. Alkin c, J. Alme ah, T. Alt al, V. Altini ad, S. Altinpinar q, I. Altsybeev dp, C. Alves Garcia Prado dg, C. Andrei bt, A. Andronic cl, V. Anguelov ch, J. Anielski av, T. Anticˇic ́ cm, F. Antinori cw, P. Antonioli ct, L. Aphecetche da, H. Appelshäuser at, N. Arbor bm, S. Arcelli y, N. Armesto o, R. Arnaldi cz, T. Aronsson dv, I. C. Arsene cl, M. Arslandok at, A. Augustinus ag, R. Averbeck cl, T. C. Awes bz, M. D. Azmi ce, M. Bach al, A. Badalà cv, Y. W. Baek bl, R. Bailhache at, V. Bairathi cg, R. Bala cz, A. Baldisseri m, F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa ag, J. Bán bb, R. C. Baral bd, R. Barbera z, F. Barile ad, G. G. Barnaföldi du, L. S. Barnby cq, V. Barret bl, J. Bartke dd, M. Basile y, N. Bastid bl, S. Basu dq, B. Bathen av, G. Batigne da, B. Batyunya bi, P. C. Batzing t, C. Baumann at, I. G. Bearden bv, H. Beck at, N. K. Behera ap, I. Belikov aw, F. Bellini y, R. Bellwied di, E. Belmont Moreno bg, G. Bencedi du, S. Beole w, I. Berceanu bt, A. Bercuci bt, Y. Berdnikov ca, D. Berenyi du, A. A. E. Bergognon da, R. A. Bertens az, D. Berzano w, L. Betev ag, A. Bhasin cf, A. K. Bhati cc, J. Bhom dm, L. Bianchi w, N. Bianchi bn, J. Bielcˇík aj, J. Bielcˇíková by, A. Bilandzic bv, S. Bjelogrlic az, F. Blanco i, F. Blanco di, D. Blau co, C. Blume at, F. Bock bp, A. Bogdanov br, H. Bøggild bv, M. Bogolyubsky ax, L. Boldizsár du, M. Bombara ak, J. Book at, H. Borel m, A. Borissov dt, J. Bornschein al, M. Botje bw, E. Botta w, S. Böttger as, P. Braun Munzinger cl, M. Bregant da, T. Breitner as, T. A. Broker at, T. A. Browning cj, M. Broz ai, R. Brun ag, E. Bruna cz, G. E. Bruno ad, D. Budnikov cn, H. Buesching at, S. Bufalino cz, P. Buncic ag, O. Busch ch, Z. Buthelezi bh, D. Caffarri aa, X. Cai f, H. Caines dv, A. Caliva az, E. Calvo Villar cr, V. Canoa Roman j, G. Cara Romeo ct, F. Carena ag, W. Carena ag, F. Carminati ag, A. Casanova Díaz bn, J. Castillo Castellanos m, E. A. R. Casula u, V. Catanescu bt, C. Cavicchioli ag, C. Ceballos Sanchez h, J. Cepila aj, P. Cerello cz, B. Chang dj, S. Chapeland ag, J. L. Charvet m, S. Chattopadhyay dq, S. Chattopadhyay cp, M. Cherney cb, C. Cheshkov do, B. Cheynis do, V. Chibante Barroso ag, D. D. Chinellato di, P. Chochula ag, M. Chojnacki bv, S. Choudhury dq, P. Christakoglou bw, C. H. Christensen bv, P. Christiansen ae, T. Chujo dm, S. U. Chung ck, C. Cicalo cu, L. Cifarelli k, y, F. Cindolo ct, J. Cleymans ce, F. Colamaria ad, D. Colella ad, A. Collu u, M. Colocci y, G. Conesa Balbastre bm, Z. Conesa del Valle ar, M. E. Connors dv, G. Contin v, J. G. Contreras j, T. M. Cormier dt, Y. Corrales Morales w, P. Cortese ac, I. Cortés Maldonado b, M. R. Cosentino bp, F. Costa ag, P. Crochet bl, R. Cruz Albino j, E. Cuautle bf, L. Cunqueiro bn, A. Dainese cw, R. Dang f, A. Danu be, K. Das cp, D. Das cp, I. Das ar, A. Dash dh, S. Dash ap, S. De dq, H. Delagrange da, A. Deloff bs, E. Dénes du, A. Deppman dg, G. O. V. de Barros dg, A. De Caro k, G. de Cataldo cs, J. de Cuveland al, A. De Falco u, D. De Gruttola ab, k, N. De Marco cz, S. De Pasquale ab, R. de Rooij az, M. A. Diaz Corchero i, T. Dietel av, R. Divià ag, D. Di Bari ad, C. Di Giglio ad, S. Di Liberto cx, A. Di Mauro ag, P. Di Nezza bn, Ø. Djuvsland q, A. Dobrin az, T. Dobrowolski bs, B. Dönigus cl, O. Dordic t, A. K. Dubey dq, A. Dubla az, L. Ducroux do, P. Dupieux bl, A. K. Dutta Majumdar cp, G. D. Erasmo ad, D. Elia cs, D. Emschermann av, H. Engel as, B. Erazmus ag, H. A. Erdal ah, D. Eschweiler al, B. Espagnon ar, M. Estienne da, S. Esumi dm, D. Evans cq, S. Evdokimov ax, G. Eyyubova t, D. Fabris cw, J. Faivre bm, D. Falchieri y, A. Fantoni bn, M. Fasel ch, D. Fehlker q, L. Feldkamp av, D. Felea be, A. Feliciello cz, G. Feofilov dp, J. Ferencei by, A. Fernández Téllez b, E. G. Ferreiro o, A. Ferretti w, A. Festanti aa, J. Figiel dd, M. A. S. Figueredo dg, S. Filchagin cn, D. Finogeev ay, F. M. Fionda ad, E. M. Fiore ad, E. Floratos cd, M. Floris ag, S. Foertsch bh, P. Foka cl, S. Fokin co, A. Francescon aa, U. Frankenfeld cl, U. Fuchs ag, C. Furget bm, M. Fusco Girard ab, J. J. Gaardhøje bv, M. Gagliardi w, A. Gago cr, M. Gallio w, D. R. Gangadharan r, P. Ganoti bz, C. Garabatos cl, E. Garcia Solis l, C. Gargiulo ag, I. Garishvili bq, J. Gerhard al, M. Germain da, A. Gheata ag, M. Gheata ag, B. Ghidini ad, P. Ghosh dq, P. Gianotti bn, P. Giubellino ag, E. Gladysz Dziadus dd, P. Glässel ch, L. Goerlich dd, R. Gomez j, P. González Zamora i, S. Gorbunov al, S. Gotovac dc, L. K. Graczykowski ds, R. Grajcarek ch, A. Grelli az, C. Grigoras ag, A. Grigoras ag, V. Grigoriev br, A. Grigoryan a, S. Grigoryan bi, B. Grinyov c, N. Grion cy, J. F. Grosse Oetringhaus ag, J. Y. Grossiord do, R. Grosso ag, F. Guber ay, R. Guernane bm, B. Guerzoni y, M. Guilbaud do, K. Gulbrandsen bv, H. Gulkanyan a, T. Gunji dl, A. Gupta cf, R. Gupta cf, K. H. Khan n, R. Haake av, Ø. Haaland q, C. Hadjidakis ar, M. Haiduc be, H. Hamagaki dl, G. Hamar du, L. D. Hanratty cq, A. Hansen bv, J. W. Harris dv, H. Hartmann al, A. Harton l, D. Hatzifotiadou ct, S. Hayashi dl, A. Hayrapetyan ag, a, S. T. Heckel at, M. Heide av, H. Helstrup ah, A. Herghelegiu bt, G. Herrera Corral j, N. Herrmann ch, B. A. Hess af, K. F. Hetland ah, B. Hicks dv, B. Hippolyte aw, Y. Hori dl, P. Hristov ag, I. Hrˇivnácˇová ar, M. Huang q, T. J. Humanic r, D. Hutter al, D. S. Hwang s, R. Ilkaev cn, I. Ilkiv bs, M. Inaba dm, E. Incani u, G. M. Innocenti w, C. Ionita ag, M. Ippolitov co, M. Irfan p, M. Ivanov cl, V. Ivanov ca, O. Ivanytskyi c, A. Jachołkowski z, P. M. Jacobs bp, C. Jahnke dg, H. J. Jang bj, M. A. Janik ds, P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna di, S. Jena ap, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante bf, P. G. Jones cq, H. Jung am, A. Jusko cq, S. Kalcher al, P. Kalinˇák bb, A. Kalweit ag, J. H. Kang dw, V. Kaplin br, S. Kar dq, A. Karasu Uysal bk, O. Karavichev ay, T. Karavicheva ay, E. Karpechev ay, A. Kazantsev co, U. Kebschull as, R. Keidel dx, B. Ketzer at, M. M. Khan p, P. Khan cp, S. A. Khan dq, A. Khanzadeev ca, Y. Kharlov ax, B. Kileng ah, T. Kim dw, B. Kim dw, D. J. Kim dj, D. W. Kim am, J. S. Kim am, M. Kim am, M. Kim dw, S. Kim s, S. Kirsch al, I. Kisel al, S. Kiselev ba, A. Kisiel ds, G. Kiss du, J. L. Klay e, J. Klein ch, C. Klein Bösing av, A. Kluge ag, M. L. Knichel cl, A. G. Knospe de, C. Kobdaj ag, M. K. Köhler cl, T. Kollegger al, A. Kolojvari dp, V. Kondratiev dp, N. Kondratyeva br, A. Konevskikh ay, V. Kovalenko dp, M. Kowalski dd, S. Kox bm, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu ap, J. Kral dj, I. Králik bb, F. Kramer at, A. Kravcˇáková ak, M. Krelina aj, M. Kretz al, M. Krivda bb, F. Krizek aj, by, an, M. Krus aj, E. Kryshen ca, M. Krzewicki cl, V. Kucera by, Y. Kucheriaev co, T. Kugathasan ag, C. Kuhn aw, P. G. Kuijer bw, I. Kulakov at, J. Kumar ap, P. Kurashvili bs, A. B. Kurepin ay, A. Kurepin ay, A. Kuryakin cn, V. Kushpil by, S. Kushpil by, M. J. Kweon ch, Y. Kwon dw, P. Ladrón de Guevara bf, C. Lagana Fernandes dg, I. Lakomov ar, R. Langoy dr, C. Lara as, A. Lardeux da, A. Lattuca w, S. L. La Pointe az, P. La Rocca z, M. Lechman ag, S. C. Lee am, G. R. Lee cq, I. Legrand ag, J. Lehnert at, R. C. Lemmon bx, M. Lenhardt cl, V. Lenti cs, M. Leoncino w, I. León Monzón df, P. Lévai du, S. Li bl, f, J. Lien dr, q, R. Lietava cq, S. Lindal t, V. Lindenstruth al, C. Lippmann cl, M. A. Lisa r, H. M. Ljunggren ae, D. F. Lodato az, P. I. Loenne q, V. R. Loggins dt, V. Loginov br, D. Lohner ch, C. Loizides bp, X. Lopez bl, E. López Torres h, G. Løvhøiden t, X. G. Lu ch, P. Luettig at, M. Lunardon aa, J. Luo f, C. Luzzi ag, R. Ma dv, A. Maevskaya ay, M. Mager ag, D. P. Mahapatra bd, A. Maire ch, M. Malaev ca, I. Maldonado Cervantes bf, L. Malinina bi, 1, D. Mal’Kevich ba, P. Malzacher cl, A. Mamonov cn, L. Manceau cz, V. Manko co, F. Manso bl, V. Manzari cs, M. Marchisone bl, w, J. Mareš bc, A. Margotti ct, A. Marín cl, C. Markert de, M. Marquard at, I. Martashvili dk, N. A. Martin cl, P. Martinengo ag, M. I. Martínez b, G. Martínez García da, J. Martin Blanco da, Y. Martynov c, A. Mas da, S. Masciocchi cl, M. Masera w, A. Masoni cu, L. Massacrier da, A. Mastroserio ad, A. Matyja dd, J. Mazer dk, R. Mazumder aq, M. A. Mazzoni cx, F. Meddi x, A. Menchaca Rocha bg, J. Mercado Pérez ch, M. Meres ai, Y. Miake dm, K. Mikhaylov bi, L. Milano ag, J. Milosevic t, 2, A. Mischke az, A. N. Mishra aq, D. Mis ́kowiec cl, C. Mitu be, J. Mlynarz dt, B. Mohanty dq, L. Molnar aw, L. Montaño Zetina j, M. Monteno cz, E. Montes i, M. Morando aa, D. A. Moreira De Godoy dg, S. Moretto aa, A. Morreale dj, A. Morsch ag, V. Muccifora bn, E. Mudnic dc, S. Muhuri dq, M. Mukherjee dq, H. Müller ag, M. G. Munhoz dg, S. Murray bh, L. Musa ag, B. K. Nandi ap, R. Nania ct, E. Nappi cs, C. Nattrass dk, T. K. Nayak dq, S. Nazarenko cn, A. Nedosekin ba, M. Nicassio cl, M. Niculescu ag, B. S. Nielsen bv, S. Nikolaev co, S. Nikulin co, V. Nikulin ca, B. S. Nilsen cb, M. S. Nilsson t, F. Noferini k, P. Nomokonov bi, G. Nooren az, A. Nyanin co, A. Nyatha ap, J. Nystrand q, H. Oeschler ch, S. K. Oh am, 3, S. Oh dv, L. Olah du, J. Oleniacz ds, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva dg, J. Onderwaater cl, C. Oppedisano cz, A. Ortiz Velasquez ae, A. Oskarsson ae, J. Otwinowski cl, K. Oyama ch, Y. Pachmayer ch, M. Pachr aj, P. Pagano ab, G. Paic ́ bf, F. Painke al, C. Pajares o, S. K. Pal dq, A. Palaha cq, A. Palmeri cv, V. Papikyan a, G. S. Pappalardo cv, W. J. Park cl, A. Passfeld av, D. I. Patalakha ax, V. Paticchio cs, B. Paul cp, T. Pawlak ds, T. Peitzmann az, H. Pereira Da Costa m, E. Pereira De Oliveira Filho dg, D. Peresunko co, C. E. Pérez Lara bw, D. Perrino ad, W. Peryt ds, 4, A. Pesci ct, Y. Pestov d, V. Petrácˇek aj, M. Petran aj, M. Petris bt, P. Petrov cq, M. Petrovici bt, C. Petta z, M. Pikna ai, P. Pillot da, O. Pinazza ag, L. Pinsky di, N. Pitz at, D. B. Piyarathna di, M. Planinic dn, M. Płoskon ́ bp, J. Pluta ds, S. Pochybova du, P. L. M. Podesta Lerma df, M. G. Poghosyan ag, B. Polichtchouk ax, A. Pop bt, S. Porteboeuf Houssais bl, V. Pospíšil aj, B. Potukuchi cf, S. K. Prasad dt, R. Preghenella k, F. Prino cz, C. A. Pruneau dt, I. Pshenichnov ay, G. Puddu u, V. Punin cn, J. Putschke dt, H. Qvigstad t, A. Rachevski cy, A. Rademakers ag, J. Rak dj, A. Rakotozafindrabe m, L. Ramello ac, S. Raniwala cg, R. Raniwala cg, S. S. Räsänen an, B. T. Rascanu at, D. Rathee cc, W. Rauch ag, A. W. Rauf n, V. Razazi u, K. F. Read dk, J. S. Real bm, K. Redlich bs, 5, R. J. Reed dv, A. Rehman q, P. Reichelt at, M. Reicher az, F. Reidt ag, R. Renfordt at, A. R. Reolon bn, A. Reshetin ay, F. Rettig al, J. P. Revol ag, K. Reygers ch, L. Riccati cz, R. A. Ricci bo, T. Richert ae, M. Richter t, P. Riedler ag, W. Riegler ag, F. Riggi z, A. Rivetti cz, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi b, A. Rodriguez Manso bw, K. Røed q, t, E. Rogochaya bi, S. Rohni cf, D. Rohr al, D. Röhrich q, R. Romita bx, F. Ronchetti bn, P. Rosnet bl, S. Rossegger ag, A. Rossi ag, P. Roy cp, C. Roy aw, A. J. Rubio Montero i, R. Russo w, E. Ryabinkin co, A. Rybicki dd, S. Sadovsky ax, K. Šafarˇík ag, R. Sahoo aq, P. K. Sahu bd, J. Saini dq, H. Sakaguchi ao, S. Sakai bp, D. Sakata dm, C. A. Salgado o, J. Salzwedel r, S. Sambyal cf, V. Samsonov ca, X. Sanchez Castro bf, L. Šándor bb, A. Sandoval bg, M. Sano dm, G. Santagati z, R. Santoro k, D. Sarkar dq, E. Scapparone ct, F. Scarlassara aa, R. P. Scharenberg cj, C. Schiaua bt, R. Schicker ch, C. Schmidt cl, H. R. Schmidt af, S. Schuchmann at, J. Schukraft ag, M. Schulc aj, T. Schuster dv, Y. Schutz ag, K. Schwarz cl, K. Schweda cl, G. Scioli y, E. Scomparin cz, R. Scott dk, P. A. Scott cq, G. Segato aa, I. Selyuzhenkov cl, J. Seo ck, S. Serci u, E. Serradilla i, A. Sevcenco be, A. Shabetai da, G. Shabratova bi, R. Shahoyan ag, S. Sharma cf, N. Sharma dk, K. Shigaki ao, K. Shtejer h, Y. Sibiriak co, S. Siddhanta cu, T. Siemiarczuk bs, D. Silvermyr bz, C. Silvestre bm, G. Simatovic dn, R. Singaraju dq, R. Singh cf, S. Singha dq, V. Singhal dq, B. C. Sinha dq, T. Sinha cp, B. Sitar ai, M. Sitta ac, T. B. Skaali t, K. Skjerdal q, R. Smakal aj, N. Smirnov dv, R. J. M. Snellings az, R. Soltz bq, M. Song dw, J. Song ck, C. Soos ag, F. Soramel aa, M. Spacek aj, I. Sputowska dd, M. Spyropoulou Stassinaki cd, B. K. Srivastava cj, J. Stachel ch, I. Stan be, G. Stefanek bs, M. Steinpreis r, E. Stenlund ae, G. Steyn bh, J. H. Stiller ch, D. Stocco da, M. Stolpovskiy ax, P. Strmen ai, A. A. P. Suaide dg, M. A. Subieta Vásquez w, T. Sugitate ao, C. Suire ar, M. Suleymanov n, R. Sultanov ba, M. Šumbera by, T. Susa cm, T. J. M. Symons bp, A. Szanto de Toledo dg, I. Szarka ai, A. Szczepankiewicz ag, M. Szyman ́ ski ds, J. Takahashi dh, M. A. Tangaro ad, J. D. Tapia Takaki ar, A. Tarantola Peloni at, A. Tarazona Martinez ag, A. Tauro ag, G. Tejeda Muñoz b, A. Telesca ag, C. Terrevoli ad, A. Ter Minasyan co, J. Thäder cl, D. Thomas az, R. Tieulent do, A. R. Timmins di, A. Toia cw, H. Torii dl, V. Trubnikov c, W. H. Trzaska dj, T. Tsuji dl, A. Tumkin cn, R. Turrisi cw, T. S. Tveter t, J. Ulery at, K. Ullaland q, J. Ulrich as, A. Uras do, G. M. Urciuoli cx, G. L. Usai u, M. Vajzer by, M. Vala bb, L. Valencia Palomo ar, P. Vande Vyvre ag, L. Vannucci bo, J. W. Van Hoorne ag, M. van Leeuwen az, A. Vargas b, R. Varma ap, M. Vasileiou cd, A. Vasiliev co, V. Vechernin dp, M. Veldhoen az, M. Venaruzzo v, E. Vercellin w, S. Vergara b, R. Vernet g, M. Verweij dt, L. Vickovic dc, G. Viesti aa, J. Viinikainen dj, Z. Vilakazi bh, O. Villalobos Baillie cq, A. Vinogradov co, L. Vinogradov dp, Y. Vinogradov cn, T. Virgili ab, Y. P. Viyogi dq, A. Vodopyanov bi, M. A. Völkl ch, S. Voloshin dt, K. Voloshin ba, G. Volpe ag, B. von Haller ag, I. Vorobyev dp, D. Vranic ag, J. Vrláková ak, B. Vulpescu bl, A. Vyushin cn, B. Wagner q, V. Wagner aj, J. Wagner cl, Y. Wang ch, Y. Wang f, M. Wang f, D. Watanabe dm, K. Watanabe dm, M. Weber di, J. P. Wessels av, U. Westerhoff av, J. Wiechula af, J. Wikne t, M. Wilde av, G. Wilk bs, J. Wilkinson ch, M. C. S. Williams ct, B. Windelband ch, M. Winn ch, C. Xiang f, C. G. Yaldo dt, Y. Yamaguchi dl, H. Yang m, P. Yang f, S. Yang q, S. Yano ao, S. Yasnopolskiy co, J. Yi ck, Z. Yin f, I. K. Yoo ck, I. Yushmanov co, V. Zaccolo bv, C. Zach aj, C. Zampolli ct, S. Zaporozhets bi, A. Zarochentsev dp, P. Závada bc, N. Zaviyalov cn, H. Zbroszczyk ds, P. Zelnicek as, I. S. Zgura be, M. Zhalov ca, F. Zhangf, Y. Zhangf, H. Zhangf, X. Zhangbp, bl, f, D. Zhouf, Y. Zhouaz, F. Zhouf, X. Zhuf, J. Zhuf, H. Zhu f, A. Zichichi k, M. B. Zimmermann av, A. Zimmermann ch, G. Zinovjev c, Y. Zoccarato do, M. Zynovyev c, M. Zyzak, CONTIN, GIACOMO, CAMERINI, Paolo, FRAGIACOMO, ENRICO, LEA, RAMONA, LUPARELLO, GRAZIA, MARGAGLIOTTI, GIACOMO, PIANO, STEFANO, RUI, RINALDO, B., Abelev bq, J., Adam aj, D., Adamová by, A. M., Adare dv, M. M., Aggarwal cc, G., Aglieri Rinella ag, M., Agnello ci, Cz, A. G., Agocs du, A., Agostinelli y, Z., Ahammed dq, N., Ahmad p, A., Ahmad Masoodi p, I., Ahmed n, S. U., Ahn bj, S. A., Ahn bj, I., Aimo cz, Ci, S., Aiola dv, M., Ajaz n, A., Akindinov ba, D., Aleksandrov co, B., Alessandro cz, D., Alexandre cq, A., Alici k, Ct, A., Alkin c, J., Alme ah, T., Alt al, V., Altini ad, S., Altinpinar q, I., Altsybeev dp, C., Alves Garcia Prado dg, C., Andrei bt, A., Andronic cl, V., Anguelov ch, J., Anielski av, T., Anticˇic ́ cm, F., Antinori cw, P., Antonioli ct, L., Aphecetche da, H., Appelshäuser at, N., Arbor bm, S., Arcelli y, N., Armesto o, R., Arnaldi cz, T., Aronsson dv, I. C., Arsene cl, M., Arslandok at, A., Augustinus ag, R., Averbeck cl, T. C., Awes bz, M. D., Azmi ce, M., Bach al, A., Badalà cv, Y. W., Baek bl, Am, R., Bailhache at, V., Bairathi cg, R., Bala cz, Cf, A., Baldisseri m, F., Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa ag, J., Bán bb, R. C., Baral bd, R., Barbera z, F., Barile ad, G. G., Barnaföldi du, L. S., Barnby cq, V., Barret bl, J., Bartke dd, M., Basile y, N., Bastid bl, S., Basu dq, B., Bathen av, G., Batigne da, B., Batyunya bi, P. C., Batzing t, C., Baumann at, I. G., Bearden bv, H., Beck at, N. K., Behera ap, I., Belikov aw, F., Bellini y, R., Bellwied di, E., Belmont Moreno bg, G., Bencedi du, S., Beole w, I., Berceanu bt, A., Bercuci bt, Y., Berdnikov ca, D., Berenyi du, A. A. E., Bergognon da, R. A., Bertens az, D., Berzano w, L., Betev ag, A., Bhasin cf, A. K., Bhati cc, J., Bhom dm, L., Bianchi w, N., Bianchi bn, J., Bielcˇík aj, J., Bielcˇíková by, A., Bilandzic bv, S., Bjelogrlic az, F., Blanco i, F., Blanco di, D., Blau co, C., Blume at, F., Bock bp, Ch, A., Bogdanov br, H., Bøggild bv, M., Bogolyubsky ax, L., Boldizsár du, M., Bombara ak, J., Book at, H., Borel m, A., Borissov dt, J., Bornschein al, M., Botje bw, E., Botta w, S., Böttger a, P., Braun Munzinger cl, M., Bregant da, T., Breitner a, T. A., Broker at, T. A., Browning cj, M., Broz ai, R., Brun ag, E., Bruna cz, G. E., Bruno ad, D., Budnikov cn, H., Buesching at, S., Bufalino cz, P., Buncic ag, O., Busch ch, Z., Buthelezi bh, D., Caffarri aa, X., Cai f, H., Caines dv, A., Caliva az, E., Calvo Villar cr, Camerini, Paolo, V., Canoa Roman j, Ag, G., Cara Romeo ct, F., Carena ag, W., Carena ag, F., Carminati ag, A., Casanova Díaz bn, J., Castillo Castellanos m, E. A. R., Casula u, V., Catanescu bt, C., Cavicchioli ag, C., Ceballos Sanchez h, J., Cepila aj, P., Cerello cz, B., Chang dj, S., Chapeland ag, J. L., Charvet m, S., Chattopadhyay dq, S., Chattopadhyay cp, M., Cherney cb, C., Cheshkov do, B., Cheynis do, V., Chibante Barroso ag, D. D., Chinellato di, P., Chochula ag, M., Chojnacki bv, S., Choudhury dq, P., Christakoglou bw, C. H., Christensen bv, P., Christiansen ae, T., Chujo dm, S. U., Chung ck, C., Cicalo cu, L., Cifarelli k, Y, F., Cindolo ct, J., Cleymans ce, F., Colamaria ad, D., Colella ad, A., Collu u, M., Colocci y, G., Conesa Balbastre bm, Z., Conesa del Valle ar, M. E., Connors dv, G., Contin v, J. G., Contreras j, T. M., Cormier dt, Y., Corrales Morales w, P., Cortese ac, I., Cortés Maldonado b, M. R., Cosentino bp, F., Costa ag, P., Crochet bl, R., Cruz Albino j, E., Cuautle bf, L., Cunqueiro bn, A., Dainese cw, R., Dang f, A., Danu be, K., Das cp, D., Das cp, I., Das ar, A., Dash dh, S., Dash ap, S., De dq, H., Delagrange da, A., Deloff b, E., Dénes du, A., Deppman dg, G. O. V., de Barros dg, A., De Caro k, Ab, G., de Cataldo c, J., de Cuveland al, A., De Falco u, D., De Gruttola ab, K, N., De Marco cz, S., De Pasquale ab, R., de Rooij az, M. A., Diaz Corchero i, T., Dietel av, R., Divià ag, D., Di Bari ad, C., Di Giglio ad, S., Di Liberto cx, A., Di Mauro ag, P., Di Nezza bn, Ø., Djuvsland q, A., Dobrin az, Dt, T., Dobrowolski b, B., Dönigus cl, At, O., Dordic t, A. K., Dubey dq, A., Dubla az, L., Ducroux do, P., Dupieux bl, A. K., Dutta Majumdar cp, G. D., Erasmo ad, D., Elia c, D., Emschermann av, H., Engel a, B., Erazmus ag, Da, H. A., Erdal ah, D., Eschweiler al, B., Espagnon ar, M., Estienne da, S., Esumi dm, D., Evans cq, S., Evdokimov ax, G., Eyyubova t, D., Fabris cw, J., Faivre bm, D., Falchieri y, A., Fantoni bn, M., Fasel ch, D., Fehlker q, L., Feldkamp av, D., Felea be, A., Feliciello cz, G., Feofilov dp, J., Ferencei by, A., Fernández Téllez b, E. G., Ferreiro o, A., Ferretti w, A., Festanti aa, J., Figiel dd, M. A. S., Figueredo dg, S., Filchagin cn, D., Finogeev ay, F. M., Fionda ad, E. M., Fiore ad, E., Floratos cd, M., Floris ag, S., Foertsch bh, P., Foka cl, S., Fokin co, Fragiacomo, Enrico, A., Francescon aa, U., Frankenfeld cl, U., Fuchs ag, C., Furget bm, M., Fusco Girard ab, J. J., Gaardhøje bv, M., Gagliardi w, A., Gago cr, M., Gallio w, D. R., Gangadharan r, P., Ganoti bz, C., Garabatos cl, E., Garcia Solis l, C., Gargiulo ag, I., Garishvili bq, J., Gerhard al, M., Germain da, A., Gheata ag, M., Gheata ag, Be, B., Ghidini ad, P., Ghosh dq, P., Gianotti bn, P., Giubellino ag, E., Gladysz Dziadus dd, P., Glässel ch, L., Goerlich dd, R., Gomez j, Df, P., González Zamora i, S., Gorbunov al, S., Gotovac dc, L. K., Graczykowski d, R., Grajcarek ch, A., Grelli az, C., Grigoras ag, A., Grigoras ag, V., Grigoriev br, A., Grigoryan a, S., Grigoryan bi, B., Grinyov c, N., Grion cy, J. F., Grosse Oetringhaus ag, J. Y., Grossiord do, R., Grosso ag, F., Guber ay, R., Guernane bm, B., Guerzoni y, M., Guilbaud do, K., Gulbrandsen bv, H., Gulkanyan a, T., Gunji dl, A., Gupta cf, R., Gupta cf, K. H., Khan n, R., Haake av, Ø., Haaland q, C., Hadjidakis ar, M., Haiduc be, H., Hamagaki dl, G., Hamar du, L. D., Hanratty cq, A., Hansen bv, J. W., Harris dv, H., Hartmann al, A., Harton l, D., Hatzifotiadou ct, S., Hayashi dl, A., Hayrapetyan ag, A, S. T., Heckel at, M., Heide av, H., Helstrup ah, A., Herghelegiu bt, G., Herrera Corral j, N., Herrmann ch, B. A., Hess af, K. F., Hetland ah, B., Hicks dv, B., Hippolyte aw, Y., Hori dl, P., Hristov ag, I., Hrˇivnácˇová ar, M., Huang q, T. J., Humanic r, D., Hutter al, D. S., Hwang, R., Ilkaev cn, I., Ilkiv b, M., Inaba dm, E., Incani u, G. M., Innocenti w, C., Ionita ag, M., Ippolitov co, M., Irfan p, M., Ivanov cl, V., Ivanov ca, O., Ivanytskyi c, A., Jachołkowski z, P. M., Jacobs bp, C., Jahnke dg, H. J., Jang bj, M. A., Janik d, P. H. S. Y., Jayarathna di, S., Jena ap, Di, R. T., Jimenez Bustamante bf, P. G., Jones cq, H., Jung am, A., Jusko cq, S., Kalcher al, P., Kalinˇák bb, A., Kalweit ag, J. H., Kang dw, V., Kaplin br, S., Kar dq, A., Karasu Uysal bk, O., Karavichev ay, T., Karavicheva ay, E., Karpechev ay, A., Kazantsev co, U., Kebschull a, R., Keidel dx, B., Ketzer at, M. M., Khan p, P., Khan cp, S. A., Khan dq, A., Khanzadeev ca, Y., Kharlov ax, B., Kileng ah, T., Kim dw, B., Kim dw, D. J., Kim dj, D. W., Kim am, Bj, J. S., Kim am, M., Kim am, M., Kim dw, S., Kim, S., Kirsch al, I., Kisel al, S., Kiselev ba, A., Kisiel d, G., Kiss du, J. L., Klay e, J., Klein ch, C., Klein Bösing av, A., Kluge ag, M. L., Knichel cl, A. G., Knospe de, C., Kobdaj ag, Db, M. K., Köhler cl, T., Kollegger al, A., Kolojvari dp, V., Kondratiev dp, N., Kondratyeva br, A., Konevskikh ay, V., Kovalenko dp, M., Kowalski dd, S., Kox bm, G., Koyithatta Meethaleveedu ap, J., Kral dj, I., Králik bb, F., Kramer at, A., Kravcˇáková ak, M., Krelina aj, M., Kretz al, M., Krivda bb, Cq, F., Krizek aj, By, An, M., Krus aj, E., Kryshen ca, M., Krzewicki cl, V., Kucera by, Y., Kucheriaev co, T., Kugathasan ag, C., Kuhn aw, P. G., Kuijer bw, I., Kulakov at, J., Kumar ap, P., Kurashvili b, A. B., Kurepin ay, A., Kurepin ay, A., Kuryakin cn, V., Kushpil by, S., Kushpil by, M. J., Kweon ch, Y., Kwon dw, P., Ladrón de Guevara bf, C., Lagana Fernandes dg, I., Lakomov ar, R., Langoy dr, C., Lara a, A., Lardeux da, A., Lattuca w, S. L., La Pointe az, P., La Rocca z, Lea, Ramona, M., Lechman ag, S. C., Lee am, G. R., Lee cq, I., Legrand ag, J., Lehnert at, R. C., Lemmon bx, M., Lenhardt cl, V., Lenti c, M., Leoncino w, I., León Monzón df, P., Lévai du, S., Li bl, F, J., Lien dr, Q, R., Lietava cq, S., Lindal t, V., Lindenstruth al, C., Lippmann cl, M. A., Lisa r, H. M., Ljunggren ae, D. F., Lodato az, P. I., Loenne q, V. R., Loggins dt, V., Loginov br, D., Lohner ch, C., Loizides bp, X., Lopez bl, E., López Torres h, G., Løvhøiden t, X. G., Lu ch, P., Luettig at, M., Lunardon aa, J., Luo f, Luparello, Grazia, C., Luzzi ag, R., Ma dv, A., Maevskaya ay, M., Mager ag, D. P., Mahapatra bd, A., Maire ch, M., Malaev ca, I., Maldonado Cervantes bf, L., Malinina bi, D., Mal’Kevich ba, P., Malzacher cl, A., Mamonov cn, L., Manceau cz, V., Manko co, F., Manso bl, V., Manzari c, M., Marchisone bl, W, J., Mareš bc, Margagliotti, Giacomo, A., Margotti ct, A., Marín cl, C., Markert de, M., Marquard at, I., Martashvili dk, N. A., Martin cl, P., Martinengo ag, M. I., Martínez b, G., Martínez García da, J., Martin Blanco da, Y., Martynov c, A., Mas da, S., Masciocchi cl, M., Masera w, A., Masoni cu, L., Massacrier da, A., Mastroserio ad, A., Matyja dd, J., Mazer dk, R., Mazumder aq, M. A., Mazzoni cx, F., Meddi x, A., Menchaca Rocha bg, J., Mercado Pérez ch, M., Meres ai, Y., Miake dm, K., Mikhaylov bi, Ba, L., Milano ag, J., Milosevic t, A., Mischke az, A. N., Mishra aq, D., Mis ́kowiec cl, C., Mitu be, J., Mlynarz dt, B., Mohanty dq, Bu, L., Molnar aw, Du, L., Montaño Zetina j, M., Monteno cz, E., Montes i, M., Morando aa, D. A., Moreira De Godoy dg, S., Moretto aa, A., Morreale dj, A., Morsch ag, V., Muccifora bn, E., Mudnic dc, S., Muhuri dq, M., Mukherjee dq, H., Müller ag, M. G., Munhoz dg, S., Murray bh, L., Musa ag, B. K., Nandi ap, R., Nania ct, E., Nappi c, C., Nattrass dk, T. K., Nayak dq, S., Nazarenko cn, A., Nedosekin ba, M., Nicassio cl, Ad, M., Niculescu ag, B. S., Nielsen bv, S., Nikolaev co, S., Nikulin co, V., Nikulin ca, B. S., Nilsen cb, M. S., Nilsson t, F., Noferini k, P., Nomokonov bi, G., Nooren az, A., Nyanin co, A., Nyatha ap, J., Nystrand q, H., Oeschler ch, Au, S. K., Oh am, S., Oh dv, L., Olah du, J., Oleniacz d, A. C., Oliveira Da Silva dg, J., Onderwaater cl, C., Oppedisano cz, A., Ortiz Velasquez ae, A., Oskarsson ae, J., Otwinowski cl, K., Oyama ch, Y., Pachmayer ch, M., Pachr aj, P., Pagano ab, G., Paic ́ bf, F., Painke al, C., Pajares o, S. K., Pal dq, A., Palaha cq, A., Palmeri cv, V., Papikyan a, G. S., Pappalardo cv, W. J., Park cl, A., Passfeld av, D. I., Patalakha ax, V., Paticchio c, B., Paul cp, T., Pawlak d, T., Peitzmann az, H., Pereira Da Costa m, E., Pereira De Oliveira Filho dg, D., Peresunko co, C. E., Pérez Lara bw, D., Perrino ad, W., Peryt d, A., Pesci ct, Y., Pestov d, V., Petrácˇek aj, M., Petran aj, M., Petris bt, P., Petrov cq, M., Petrovici bt, C., Petta z, Piano, Stefano, M., Pikna ai, P., Pillot da, O., Pinazza ag, L., Pinsky di, N., Pitz at, D. B., Piyarathna di, M., Planinic dn, Cm, M., Płoskon ́ bp, J., Pluta d, S., Pochybova du, P. L. M., Podesta Lerma df, M. G., Poghosyan ag, B., Polichtchouk ax, A., Pop bt, S., Porteboeuf Houssais bl, V., Pospíšil aj, B., Potukuchi cf, S. K., Prasad dt, R., Preghenella k, F., Prino cz, C. A., Pruneau dt, I., Pshenichnov ay, G., Puddu u, V., Punin cn, J., Putschke dt, H., Qvigstad t, A., Rachevski cy, A., Rademakers ag, J., Rak dj, A., Rakotozafindrabe m, L., Ramello ac, S., Raniwala cg, R., Raniwala cg, S. S., Räsänen an, B. T., Rascanu at, D., Rathee cc, W., Rauch ag, A. W., Rauf n, V., Razazi u, K. F., Read dk, J. S., Real bm, K., Redlich b, R. J., Reed dv, A., Rehman q, P., Reichelt at, M., Reicher az, F., Reidt ag, R., Renfordt at, A. R., Reolon bn, A., Reshetin ay, F., Rettig al, J. P., Revol ag, K., Reygers ch, L., Riccati cz, R. A., Ricci bo, T., Richert ae, M., Richter t, P., Riedler ag, W., Riegler ag, F., Riggi z, A., Rivetti cz, M., Rodríguez Cahuantzi b, A., Rodriguez Manso bw, K., Røed q, T, E., Rogochaya bi, S., Rohni cf, D., Rohr al, D., Röhrich q, R., Romita bx, Cl, F., Ronchetti bn, P., Rosnet bl, S., Rossegger ag, A., Rossi ag, P., Roy cp, C., Roy aw, A. J., Rubio Montero i, Rui, Rinaldo, R., Russo w, E., Ryabinkin co, A., Rybicki dd, S., Sadovsky ax, K., Šafarˇík ag, R., Sahoo aq, P. K., Sahu bd, J., Saini dq, H., Sakaguchi ao, S., Sakai bp, Bn, D., Sakata dm, C. A., Salgado o, J., Salzwedel r, S., Sambyal cf, V., Samsonov ca, X., Sanchez Castro bf, Aw, L., Šándor bb, A., Sandoval bg, M., Sano dm, G., Santagati z, R., Santoro k, D., Sarkar dq, E., Scapparone ct, F., Scarlassara aa, R. P., Scharenberg cj, C., Schiaua bt, R., Schicker ch, C., Schmidt cl, H. R., Schmidt af, S., Schuchmann at, J., Schukraft ag, M., Schulc aj, T., Schuster dv, Y., Schutz ag, K., Schwarz cl, K., Schweda cl, G., Scioli y, E., Scomparin cz, R., Scott dk, P. A., Scott cq, G., Segato aa, I., Selyuzhenkov cl, J., Seo ck, S., Serci u, E., Serradilla i, Bg, A., Sevcenco be, A., Shabetai da, G., Shabratova bi, R., Shahoyan ag, S., Sharma cf, N., Sharma dk, K., Shigaki ao, K., Shtejer h, Y., Sibiriak co, S., Siddhanta cu, T., Siemiarczuk b, D., Silvermyr bz, C., Silvestre bm, G., Simatovic dn, R., Singaraju dq, R., Singh cf, S., Singha dq, V., Singhal dq, B. C., Sinha dq, T., Sinha cp, B., Sitar ai, M., Sitta ac, T. B., Skaali t, K., Skjerdal q, R., Smakal aj, N., Smirnov dv, R. J. M., Snellings az, R., Soltz bq, M., Song dw, J., Song ck, C., Soos ag, F., Soramel aa, M., Spacek aj, I., Sputowska dd, M., Spyropoulou Stassinaki cd, B. K., Srivastava cj, J., Stachel ch, I., Stan be, G., Stefanek b, M., Steinpreis r, E., Stenlund ae, G., Steyn bh, J. H., Stiller ch, D., Stocco da, M., Stolpovskiy ax, P., Strmen ai, A. A. P., Suaide dg, M. A., Subieta Vásquez w, T., Sugitate ao, C., Suire ar, M., Suleymanov n, R., Sultanov ba, M., Šumbera by, T., Susa cm, T. J. M., Symons bp, A., Szanto de Toledo dg, I., Szarka ai, A., Szczepankiewicz ag, M., Szyman ́ ski d, J., Takahashi dh, M. A., Tangaro ad, J. D., Tapia Takaki ar, A., Tarantola Peloni at, A., Tarazona Martinez ag, A., Tauro ag, G., Tejeda Muñoz b, A., Telesca ag, C., Terrevoli ad, A., Ter Minasyan co, Br, J., Thäder cl, D., Thomas az, R., Tieulent do, A. R., Timmins di, A., Toia cw, H., Torii dl, V., Trubnikov c, W. H., Trzaska dj, T., Tsuji dl, A., Tumkin cn, R., Turrisi cw, T. S., Tveter t, J., Ulery at, K., Ullaland q, J., Ulrich a, A., Uras do, G. M., Urciuoli cx, G. L., Usai u, M., Vajzer by, M., Vala bb, Bi, L., Valencia Palomo ar, P., Vande Vyvre ag, L., Vannucci bo, J. W., Van Hoorne ag, M., van Leeuwen az, A., Vargas b, R., Varma ap, M., Vasileiou cd, A., Vasiliev co, V., Vechernin dp, M., Veldhoen az, M., Venaruzzo v, E., Vercellin w, S., Vergara b, R., Vernet g, M., Verweij dt, Az, L., Vickovic dc, G., Viesti aa, J., Viinikainen dj, Z., Vilakazi bh, O., Villalobos Baillie cq, A., Vinogradov co, L., Vinogradov dp, Y., Vinogradov cn, T., Virgili ab, Y. P., Viyogi dq, A., Vodopyanov bi, M. A., Völkl ch, S., Voloshin dt, K., Voloshin ba, G., Volpe ag, B., von Haller ag, I., Vorobyev dp, D., Vranic ag, J., Vrláková ak, B., Vulpescu bl, A., Vyushin cn, B., Wagner q, V., Wagner aj, J., Wagner cl, Y., Wang ch, Y., Wang f, M., Wang f, D., Watanabe dm, K., Watanabe dm, M., Weber di, J. P., Wessels av, U., Westerhoff av, J., Wiechula af, J., Wikne t, M., Wilde av, G., Wilk b, J., Wilkinson ch, M. C. S., Williams ct, B., Windelband ch, M., Winn ch, C., Xiang f, C. G., Yaldo dt, Y., Yamaguchi dl, H., Yang m, P., Yang f, S., Yang q, S., Yano ao, S., Yasnopolskiy co, J., Yi ck, Z., Yin f, I. K., Yoo ck, I., Yushmanov co, Zaccolo bv, V., C., Zach aj, C., Zampolli ct, S., Zaporozhets bi, A., Zarochentsev dp, P., Závada bc, N., Zaviyalov cn, H., Zbroszczyk d, P., Zelnicek a, I. S., Zgura be, M., Zhalov ca, F., Zhangf, Y., Zhangf, H., Zhangf, X., Zhangbp, Bl, F, D., Zhouf, Y., Zhouaz, F., Zhouf, X., Zhuf, J., Zhuf, H., Zhu f, A., Zichichi k, M. B., Zimmermann av, A., Zimmermann ch, G., Zinovjev c, Y., Zoccarato do, M., Zynovyev c, M., Zyzak, and Contin, Giacomo

Subjects
hadron production, p-Pb collisions, Multiplicity, Multiplicity dependence, p-Pb collision, 5.02 TeV, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Inthis Letter, comprehensive results on π±,K±,K0S, p(pbar) and Λ(Λbar) production at mid-rapidity (0< yCMS < 0.5) in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV, measured by the ALICE detector at the LHC, are reported. The transverse momentum distributions exhibit a hardening as a function of event multiplicity, which is stronger for heavier particles. This behavior is similar to what has been observed in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC. The measured pT distributions are compared to d–Au, Au–Au and Pb–Pb results at lower energy and with predictions based on QCD-inspired and hydrodynamic models.

Published
2014

6. The Winter Climate of Davos Platz

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
business.industry, General Engineering, MEDLINE, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, General Medicine, Articles, business, Data science, General Environmental Science
Published
2010

8. Remarks on the Treatment of the Pyrexia of Phthisis

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
World Wide Web, Information retrieval, Computer science, General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Medicine, Articles, General Environmental Science
Published
2010

9. The Relations of Phthisis and Albuminuria

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
Text mining, business.industry, General Engineering, Albuminuria, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Medicine, Articles, medicine.symptom, business, Data science, General Environmental Science
Published
2010

10. Christmas at Davos Platz

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
World Wide Web, business.industry, General Engineering, MEDLINE, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, General Medicine, Articles, business, General Environmental Science
Published
2010

15. "Coming to town": the impact of urbanicity, cigarette advertising, and network norms on the smoking attitudes of black women in Cape Town, South Africa.

Author

Williams CT, Grier SA, Marks AS, Williams, Chyvette T, Grier, Sonya A, and Marks, Amy Seidel

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the effect of urban living on smoking attitudes among black African women in South Africa. We examine how urbanicity affects attitudes toward smoking and how it moderates the relationship between both advertising exposure and network norms on black women's smoking attitudes. Respondents were 975 black women currently living in Cape Town townships, some of which were raised in rural villages or small towns. Respondents completed a cross-sectional survey, which included data on smoking attitudes, norms, and exposure to cigarette advertising. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with smoking attitudes as the response variable, and urbanicity, cigarette advertising exposure, and network smoking norms as primary explanatory variables. Interactions were tested to determine whether urbanicity modified the effect of advertising exposure and network norms on smoking attitudes. Independent effects of urbanicity, exposure to cigarette advertising, and greater smoking prevalence within women's networks were associated with more favorable smoking attitudes. In addition, urbanicity moderated the relationship between network smoking norms and smoking attitudes, but not cigarette advertising exposure and smoking attitudes. Urbanicity, cigarette advertising, and networks play important roles in women's attitudes toward smoking, and potentially, smoking behavior. Overall, our results suggest that strong and creative anti-smoking efforts are needed to combat the potential for a smoking epidemic among an increasingly urbanized population of black women in South Africa and similar emerging markets. Additional research is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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17. The Value of Inhalations in the Treatment of Lung Disease

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Engineering, Articles, General Medicine, Bioinformatics, Text mining, Lung disease, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Intensive care medicine, business, Value (mathematics), General Environmental Science
Published
1888
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20. The Pathology and Treatment of Spasmodic Asthma

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, business.industry, General Engineering, Alternative medicine, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Hastings Prize Essay, General Medicine, medicine.disease, business, General Environmental Science, Asthma
Published
1874
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21. Lectures on Bronchiectasis

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Bronchiectasis, business.industry, General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, Medical physics, Articles, General Medicine, business, medicine.disease, Data science, General Environmental Science
Published
1881
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24. Misdirected opposition: Evidence opposing 'not in my back yard' arguments against syringe exchange programmes.

Author

Williams CT and Ouellet LJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Despite overwhelming evidence of their effectiveness, the establishment and maintenance of syringe exchange programmes (SEPs) in the US continue to draw opposition from community members, religious and political leaders, and law enforcement officials. One argument against SEPs is that they draw drug activity into the communities where they operate. METHODS: We use 8 years of survey data from participants attending an SEP in Chicago to explore this argument by reviewing responses (N=4827) to a question asking participants the main reason they spend time in the area. RESULTS: Findings show far more participants come to the area to buy drugs (60%) than to exchange needles (3.8%), and differences exist by ethnicity. More whites than blacks or Latinos reported being in the area primarily to buy drugs and use the SEP. CONCLUSION: Re-directing opposition from SEPs to constructive ways of addressing fundamental causes of drug markets is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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26. A Clinical Lecture on the Arrest of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Delivered at the London Medical Graduates' College and Polyclinic, June 12th, 1901

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Engineering, Alternative medicine, MEDLINE, Articles, General Medicine, Bioinformatics, Polyclinic, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Family medicine, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business, General Environmental Science
Published
1901
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27. Professor Koch's Treatment of Tuberculosis

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
World Wide Web, Tuberculosis, business.industry, Professor Koch's Remedy for Tuberculosis, General Engineering, MEDLINE, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, Library science, General Medicine, business, medicine.disease, General Environmental Science
Published
1890

28. The Climate Results of Torquay and Madeira

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
Geography, General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Medicine, Articles, Data science, General Environmental Science
Published
1876

29. The Temperature of Phthisis

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
World Wide Web, Computer science, General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Medicine, Articles, Data science, General Environmental Science
Published
1875

30. Clinical Lectures on the Varieties of Phthisis

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
World Wide Web, Information retrieval, Computer science, MEDLINE, General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Medicine, Articles, General Environmental Science
Published
1878

31. The War and Winter-Stations for Invalids

Author

Williams Ct

Subjects
World Wide Web, Spanish Civil War, business.industry, General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Library science, Medicine, Articles, General Medicine, business, General Environmental Science
Published
1870
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35. Mark-recapture validates the use of photo-identification for the widely distributed blue-spotted ribbontail ray, Taeniura lymma.

Author

McIvor AJ, Williams CT, Rich WA, Knochel AM, Burns NM, and Berumen ML

Subjects
Animals, Skates, Fish physiology
Abstract

The ability to identify individual animals can provide valuable insights into the behaviour, life history, survivorship, and demographics of wild populations. Photo-identification (photo-ID) uses unique natural markings to identify individuals and can be effective for scalable and non-invasive research on marine fauna. The successful application of photo-ID requires that chosen distinguishing markings are unique to individuals and persist over time. In this study, we validate the use of dorsal spot patterns for identifying individual blue-spotted ribbontail rays (Taeniura lymma) in conjunction with traditional tagging methods. Spot patterns were unique among T. lymma with 90.3% of individuals correctly identified using I 3 S photo-matching software from images taken up to 496 days apart. In comparison, traditional physical tagging methods showed a tag loss rate of 27% and a maximum tag retention period of only 356 days. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of photo-ID as a tool to monitor populations and better understand the ecology of the blue-spotted ribbontail ray without the need for physical tagging. The validation of photo-ID for this widespread species is important as it enables behavioural and demographic changes to be easily tracked in relation to coastal threats such as human development and habitat degradation., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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36. Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence and Uptake in Australian Adults.

Author

Williams CT, Saini B, Zaidi STR, Kali C, Moujalli G, and Castelino R

Abstract

In January 2021, Australia initiated a national COVID-19 vaccine rollout strategy but faced setbacks, leading to negative press and media controversy, which may have diminished vaccine confidence. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing vaccine confidence in Australian adults (≥18 years of age) following the administration of a COVID-19 vaccine. Conducted at Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, a cross-sectional survey with 1053 respondents gauged vaccine confidence and influencing factors. The results showed overall high confidence (mean score 33/40). Trusted sources included the Australian Department of Health (77.8%), NSW Health (76.7%), and general practitioners (53.7%), while social media was distrusted (5.9%). The motivations for vaccination varied: university-educated individuals prioritised personal health (X 2 = 17.81; p < 0.001), while religious and/or older respondents (≥50 years of age) emphasised community (X 2 = 11.69; p < 0.001) and family protection (X 2 = 17.314; p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed use of the Australian Department of Health website as a trusted source of COVID-19 information as the strongest predictor of high confidence (>30; OR 1.43; p = 0.041), while exposure to fake news decreased confidence (OR 0.71; p = 0.025). The study underscores the importance of reliable health information sources in bolstering vaccine confidence and highlights the detrimental effects of misinformation. Promoting awareness of trustworthy health channels is crucial to combat vaccine hesitancy in Australia.

Published
2024
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37. Low diversity and abundance of predatory fishes in a peripheral coral reef ecosystem.

Author

Williams CT, Garzon F, Cochran JEM, Tanabe LK, Hawkes LA, McIvor AJ, Eweida AA, Marshall PA, and Berumen ML

Abstract

Semi-enclosed seas are often associated with elevated local threats and distinct biogeographic patterns among marine fishes, but our understanding of how fish assemblage dynamics vary in relation to relatively small semi-enclosed seas (e.g., the Gulf of Aqaba) remains limited. Baited remote underwater video surveys ( n  = 111) were conducted across ~300 km of coral reef habitats in the Gulf of Aqaba and the northern Red Sea. A total of 55 predatory fish species were detected, with less than half of all species ( n  = 23) observed in both basins. Relative abundance patterns between the Gulf of Aqaba and the northern Red Sea were variable among taxa, but nearly twice as many predatory fish were observed per unit of effort in the northern Red Sea. In general, assemblages in both basins were dominated by three taxa (Epinephelinae, Carangidae, and Lethrinidae). Large-bodied and threatened species were recorded at very low abundances. Multivariate analysis revealed distinct assemblage structuring of coral reef predators between the Gulf of Aqaba and the northern Red Sea. Most of the species driving these differences were recorded in both basins, but occurred at varying levels of abundance. Environmental factors were largely unsuccessful in explaining variation in assemblage structuring. These findings indicate that biological assemblages in the Gulf of Aqaba are more distinct than previously reported and that reef fish assemblage structuring can occur even within a relatively small semi-enclosed sea. Despite inter-basin assemblage structuring, the overall low abundance of vulnerable fish species is suggestive of overexploitation in both the Gulf of Aqaba and the northern Red Sea of Saudi Arabia. As the region surveyed is currently undergoing large-scale coastal development, the results presented herein aim to guide spatial management and recovery plans for these coral reef systems in relation to this development., (© 2024 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
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38. SAD rats: Effects of short photoperiod and carbohydrate consumption on sleep, liver steatosis, and the gut microbiome in diurnal grass rats.

Author

Shankar A, Deal CK, McCahon S, Callegari K, Seitz T, Yan L, Drown DM, and Williams CT

Subjects
Humans, Animals, Photoperiod, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Dysbiosis, Murinae physiology, Sleep, Carbohydrates pharmacology, Sucrose pharmacology, Seasonal Affective Disorder, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Abstract

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a recurrent depression triggered by exposure to short photoperiods, with a subset of patients reporting hypersomnia, increased appetite, and carbohydrate craving. Dysfunction of the microbiota - gut - brain axis is frequently associated with depressive disorders, but its role in SAD is unknown. Nile grass rats ( Arvicanthis niloticus ) are potentially useful for exploring the pathophysiology of SAD, as they are diurnal and have been found to exhibit anhedonia and affective-like behavior in response to short photoperiods. Further, given grass rats have been found to spontaneously develop metabolic syndrome, they may be particularly susceptible to environmental triggers of metabolic dysbiosis. We conducted a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment to test the effects of short photoperiod (4 h:20 h Light:Dark (LD) vs . neutral 12:12 LD), access to a high concentration (8%) sucrose solution, and the interaction between the two, on activity, sleep, liver steatosis, and the gut microbiome of grass rats. We found that animals on short photoperiods maintained robust diel rhythms and similar subjective day lengths as controls in neutral photoperiods but showed disrupted activity and sleep patterns (i.e. a return to sleep after an initial bout of activity that occurs ~ 13 h before lights off). We found no evidence that photoperiod influenced sucrose consumption. By the end of the experiment, some grass rats were overweight and exhibited signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with micro- and macro-steatosis. However, neither photoperiod nor access to sucrose solution significantly affected the degree of liver steatosis. The gut microbiome of grass rats varied substantially among individuals, but most variation was attributable to parental effects and the microbiome was unaffected by photoperiod or access to sucrose. Our study indicates short photoperiod leads to disrupted activity and sleep in grass rats but does not impact sucrose consumption or exacerbate metabolic dysbiosis and NAFLD.

Published
2024
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39. The Role of Adult Vaccines as Part of Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Scoping Review.

Author

Williams CT, Zaidi STR, Saini B, and Castelino R

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health concern, causing an estimated 700,000 deaths annually. Although immunisation has been shown to significantly reduce AMR, the role of vaccines as part of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) practices is often overlooked., Objective: To identify and examine the available literature on the role of vaccines as part of AMS practices., Method: A scoping review was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, CCRCT, IPA, and WoS, along with grey literature sources. The review was conducted using the JBI Methodology for Scoping Reviews and reported in line with the PRISMA-SCr checklist., Results: Among the 1711 records identified, 34 met the inclusion criteria; 8 discussed only the concept, while 26 discussed both the concept and the vaccine implementation method in AMS practices. There were eight recommended and/or utilised types of AMS activities identified involving vaccines, under four key themes of vaccine-related AMS strategies: Education, Screening, Vaccination, and Monitoring. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines had the most evidence for inclusion., Conclusion: Overall, the evidence supports the role of vaccines as part of AMS practices and the value of their inclusion in creating improved and comprehensive AMS strategies to further combat the development of AMR.

Published
2023
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40. Managing Geriatric Patients with Falls and Fractures.

Author

Williams CT, Whyman J, Loewenthal J, and Chahal K

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Aged, Morbidity, Geriatric Assessment, Fractures, Bone, Orthopedics, Hip Fractures
Abstract

Orthopedic fractures in adults 65 and older are common and can lead to functional decline and increased morbidity and mortality. Falls are often the precipitating event for fractures in this population, linked to common aging physiology with increasing comorbid conditions and advancing frailty. Managing falls and orthopedic fractures in the geriatric population is complex, requiring a systematic and collaborative approach spearheaded by a multidisciplinary team focused on improving patient outcomes., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2023
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41. Climate change is altering the physiology and phenology of an arctic hibernator.

Author

Chmura HE, Duncan C, Burrell G, Barnes BM, Buck CL, and Williams CT

Subjects
Animals, Female, Arctic Regions, Seasons, Climate Change, Hibernation physiology, Sciuridae physiology
Abstract

Climate warming is rapid in the Arctic, yet impacts to biological systems are unclear because few long-term studies linking biophysiological processes with environmental conditions exist for this data-poor region. In our study spanning 25 years in the Alaskan Arctic, we demonstrate that climate change is affecting the timing of freeze-thaw cycles in the active layer of permafrost soils and altering the physiology of arctic ground squirrels ( Urocitellus parryii ). Soil freeze has been delayed and, in response, arctic ground squirrels have delayed when they up-regulate heat production during torpor to prevent freezing. Further, the termination of hibernation in spring has advanced 4 days per decade in females but not males. Continued warming and phenological shifts will alter hibernation energetics, change the seasonal availability of this important prey species, and potentially disrupt intraspecific interactions.

Published
2023
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42. Molecular surveillance reveals widespread colonisation by carbapenemase and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms in neonatal units in Kenya and Nigeria.

Author

Edwards T, Williams CT, Olwala M, Andang'o P, Otieno W, Nalwa GN, Akindolire A, Cubas-Atienzar AI, Ross T, Tongo OO, Adams ER, Nabwera H, and Allen S

Subjects
Humans, Infant, Newborn, beta-Lactamases genetics, Kenya, Nigeria, Hospital Units, Enterobacteriaceae Infections epidemiology
Abstract

Objectives: Neonatal sepsis, a major cause of death amongst infants in sub-Saharan Africa, is often gut derived. Gut colonisation by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or carbapenemase enzymes can lead to antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) or untreatable infections. We sought to explore the rates of colonisation by ESBL or carbapenemase producers in two neonatal units (NNUs) in West and East Africa., Methods: Stool and rectal swab samples were taken at multiple timepoints from newborns admitted to the NNUs at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria and the Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, western Kenya. Samples were tested for ESBL and carbapenemase genes using a previously validated qPCR assay. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to examine colonisation rates at both sites., Results: In total 119 stool and rectal swab samples were taken from 42 infants admitted to the two NNUs. Colonisation with ESBL (37 infants, 89%) was more common than with carbapenemase producers (26, 62.4%; P = 0.093). Median survival time before colonisation with ESBL organisms was 7 days and with carbapenemase producers 16 days (P = 0.035). The majority of ESBL genes detected belonged to the CTX-M-1 (36/38; 95%), and CTX-M-9 (2/36; 5%) groups, and the most prevalent carbapenemase was bla NDM (27/29, 93%)., Conclusions: Gut colonisation of neonates by AMR organisms was common and occurred rapidly in NNUs in Kenya and Nigeria. Active surveillance of colonisation will improve the understanding of AMR in these settings and guide infection control and antibiotic prescribing practice to improve clinical outcomes., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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44. TDF CAM : A method for estimating stable isotope trophic discrimination in wild populations.

Author

Johnson DL, Henderson MT, Franke A, Swan GJF, McDonald RA, Anderson DL, Booms TL, and Williams CT

Abstract

Stable isotope mixing models (SIMMs) are widely used for characterizing wild animal diets. Such models rely upon using accurate trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) to account for the digestion, incorporation, and assimilation of food. Existing methods to calculate TDFs rely on controlled feeding trials that are time-consuming, often impractical for the study taxon, and may not reflect natural variability of TDFs present in wild populations.We present TDF CAM as an alternative approach to estimating TDFs in wild populations, by using high-precision diet estimates from a secondary methodological source-in this case nest cameras-in lieu of controlled feeding trials, and provide a framework for how and when it should be applied.In this study, we evaluate the TDF CAM approach in three datasets gathered on wild raptor nestlings (gyrfalcons Falco rusticolus ; peregrine falcons Falco perigrinus ; common buzzards Buteo buteo ) comprising contemporaneous δ 13 C & δ 15 N stable isotope data and high-quality nest camera dietary data. We formulate Bayesian SIMMs (BSIMMs) incorporating TDFs from TDF CAM and analyze their agreement with nest camera data, comparing model performance with those based on other relevant TDFs. Additionally, we perform sensitivity analyses to characterize TDF CAM variability, and identify ecological and physiological factors contributing to that variability in wild populations.Across species and tissue types, BSIMMs incorporating a TDF CAM outperformed any other TDF tested, producing reliable population-level estimates of diet composition. We demonstrate that applying this approach even with a relatively low sample size ( n  < 10 individuals) produced more accurate estimates of trophic discrimination than a controlled feeding study conducted on the same species. Between-individual variability in TDF CAM estimates for ∆ 13 C & ∆ 15  N increased with analytical imprecision in the source dietary data (nest cameras) but was also explained by natural variables in the study population (e.g., nestling nutritional/growth status and dietary composition).TDF CAM is an effective method of estimating trophic discrimination in wild animal populations. Here, we use nest cameras as source dietary data, but this approach is applicable to any high-accuracy method of measuring diet, so long as diet can be monitored over an interval contemporaneous with a tissue's isotopic turnover rate., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2023
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45. A novel, magnetic bead-based extraction method for the isolation of antimicrobial resistance genes with a case study in river water in Malawi.

Author

Byrne RL, Cocker D, Alyayyoussi G, Mphasa M, Charles M, Mandula T, Williams CT, Rigby J, Hearn J, Feasey N, Adams ER, and Edwards T

Subjects
Genes, Bacterial genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Malawi, Carbapenems, Cephalosporins, Magnetic Phenomena, Water analysis, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents analysis, Rivers
Abstract

Aims: The environment is increasingly recognized as an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which can be identified using molecular platforms. Yet, environmental surveillance remains an underutilised tool as there is no agreement on the best strategy for sample processing. We aim to develop a low-cost extraction method independent to commercial kits or reagents., Methods and Results: We present a novel, magnetic bead-based method for the isolation of ARGs from river water named MagnaExtract. We present this with analytic limit of detection as well as a case study in Southern Malawi. Here we compare the DNA yield from MagnaExtract with commercially available QIAGEN kits and the crude boil and spin method, using a high-resolution melt analysis PCR panel designed for the detection of third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenem-resistant genes from 98 water samples., Conclusion: The MagnaExtract method is comparable, and in some instance's superior to commercially available kits for the isolation of ARGs from river water samples., Significance and Impact of the Study: The MagnaExtract approach offers a simple, affordable, high yielding extraction method that could be used for the detection of ARGs from river water samples in surveillance campaigns in East Africa., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Applied Microbiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for Applied Microbiology.)

Published
2022
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46. Effects of Spring Warming on Seasonal Neuroendocrinology and Activation of the Reproductive Axis in Hibernating Arctic Ground Squirrels.

Author

Chmura HE, Duncan C, Saer B, Moore JT, Barnes BM, Buck CL, Loudon ASI, and Williams CT

Subjects
Male, Female, Animals, Seasons, Reproduction physiology, Thyrotropin, Neuroendocrinology, Sciuridae physiology
Abstract

Many animals adjust the timing of seasonal events, such as reproduction, molt, migration, and hibernation, in response to interannual variation and directional climate-driven changes in temperature. However, the mechanisms by which temperature influences seasonal timing are relatively under-explored. Seasonal timing involves retrograde signaling in which thyrotropin (TSH) in the pars tuberalis (PT) alters expression of thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinases (Dio2/Dio3) in tanycyte cells lining the third ventricle of the hypothalamus. This, in turn, affects the availability of triiodothyronine (T3) within the mediobasal hypothalamus-increased hypothalamic T3 restores a summer phenotype and activates the reproductive axis in long-day breeders. Recently, we showed that retrograde TH signaling is activated during late hibernation in arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) held in constant darkness and constant ambient temperature. Sensitivity of seasonal pathways to nonphotic cues, such as temperature, is likely particularly important to hibernating species that are sequestered in hibernacula during spring. To address this issue, we exposed captive arctic ground squirrels of both sexes to an ecologically relevant increase in ambient temperature (from -6 to -1°C) late in hibernation and examined the effects of warming on the seasonal retrograde TSH/Dio/T3 signaling pathway, as well as downstream elements of the reproductive axis. We found that warmed males tended to have higher PT TSHβ expression and significantly heavier testis mass whereas the TSH/Dio/T3 signaling pathway was unaffected by warming in females, although warmed females exhibited a slight decrease in ovarian mass. Our findings suggest that temperature could have different effects on gonadal growth in male and female arctic ground squirrels, which could lead to mismatched timing in response to rapid climate change., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology 2022.)

Published
2022
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47. Vertebrate Phenological Plasticity: From Molecular Mechanisms to Ecological and Evolutionary Implications.

Author

Aubry LM and Williams CT

Subjects
Animals, Climate Change, Seasons, Vertebrates, Physical Conditioning, Animal
Abstract

Seasonal variation in the availability of essential resources is one of the most important drivers of natural selection on the phasing and duration of annually recurring life-cycle events. Shifts in seasonal timing are among the most commonly reported responses to climate change and the capacity of organisms to adjust their timing, either through phenotypic plasticity or evolution, is a critical component of resilience. Despite growing interest in documenting and forecasting the impacts of climate change on phenology, our ability to predict how individuals, populations, and species might alter their seasonal timing in response to their changing environments is constrained by limited knowledge regarding the cues animals use to adjust timing, the endogenous genetic and molecular mechanisms that transduce cues into neural and endocrine signals, and the inherent capacity of animals to alter their timing and phasing within annual cycles. Further, the fitness consequences of phenological responses are often due to biotic interactions within and across trophic levels, rather than being simple outcomes of responses to changes in the abiotic environment. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms that control seasonal timing in vertebrates, as well as the ecological and evolutionary consequences of individual, population, and species-level variation in phenological responsiveness. Understanding the causes and consequences of climate-driven phenological shifts requires combining ecological, evolutionary, and mechanistic approaches at individual, populational, and community scales. Thus, to make progress in forecasting phenological responses and demographic consequences, we need to further develop interdisciplinary networks focused on climate change science., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.)

Published
2022
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48. Sex-Differences in Phenology: A Tinbergian Perspective.

Author

Williams CT, Chmura HE, Deal CK, and Wilsterman K

Subjects
Female, Male, Animals, Phylogeny, Biological Evolution, Selection, Genetic, Seasons, Climate Change, Reproduction
Abstract

Shifts in the timing of cyclic seasonal life-history events are among the most commonly reported responses to climate change, with differences in response rates among interacting species leading to phenological mismatches. Within a species, however, males and females can also exhibit differential sensitivity to environmental cues and may, therefore, differ in their responsiveness to climate change, potentially leading to phenological mismatches between the sexes. This occurs because males differ from females in when and how energy is allocated to reproduction, resulting in marked sex-differences in life-history timing across the annual cycle. In this review, we take a Tinbergian perspective and examine sex-differences in timing of vertebrates from adaptive, ontogenetic, mechanistic, and phylogenetic viewpoints with the goal of informing and motivating more integrative research on sexually dimorphic phenologies. We argue that sexual and natural selection lead to sex-differences in life-history timing and that understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers of these differences is critical for connecting climate-driven phenological shifts to population resilience. Ontogeny may influence how and when sex-differences in life-history timing arise because the early-life environment can profoundly affect developmental trajectory, rates of reproductive maturation, and seasonal timing. The molecular mechanisms underlying these organismal traits are relevant to identifying the diversity and genetic basis of population- and species-level responses to climate change, and promisingly, the molecular basis of phenology is becoming increasingly well-understood. However, because most studies focus on a single sex, the causes of sex-differences in phenology critical to population resilience often remain unclear. New sequencing tools and analyses informed by phylogeny may help generate hypotheses about mechanism as well as insight into the general "evolvability" of sex-differences across phylogenetic scales, especially as trait and genome resources grow. We recommend that greater attention be placed on determining sex-differences in timing mechanisms and monitoring climate change responses in both sexes, and we discuss how new tools may provide key insights into sex-differences in phenology from all four Tinbergian domains., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology 2022. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.)

Published
2022
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49. Acanthopagrus oconnorae, a new species of seabream (Sparidae) from the Red Sea.

Author

Pombo-Ayora L, Peinemann VN, Williams CT, He S, Lin YJ, Iwatsuki Y, Bradley DDC, and Berumen ML

Subjects
Animals, Phylogeny, Indian Ocean, Ecology, Sea Bream, Perciformes
Abstract

A new species of sparid fish, Acanthopagrus oconnorae, is described based on 11 specimens collected in the shallow (0-1 m depth) mangrove-adjacent sandflats of Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: second anal-fin spine 12.8%-16.6% of standard length (SL); 3½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine and lateral line; suborbital width 5.7%-6.7% of SL; eyes positioned at the anterior edge of the head, often forming a weakly convex break in an otherwise gently curved head profile, when viewed laterally; caudal fin light yellow with black posterior margin (approximately half of fin); anal fin dusky grey, with posterior one-fifth of the fin light yellow; black streaks on inter-radial membranes of anal fin absent. The most similar species to A. oconnorae is Acanthopagrus vagus, which differs by the presence of a w-shaped anterior edge of the scaled predorsal area, a more acute snout and black streaks on the inter-radial membranes of the anal fin. Phylogenetic placement and species delimitation of A. oconnorae are discussed based on COI, CytB and 16S sequences. It is hypothesized that ecology and behaviour explain how this species avoided detection despite its likely occurrence in coastal areas of the Red Sea with historically high fishing pressure., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Fish Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Fisheries Society of the British Isles.)

Published
2022
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50. A multi-method characterization of Elasmobranch & Cheloniidae communities of the north-eastern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba.

Author

Garzon F, Williams CT, Cochran JEM, Tanabe LK, Abdulla A, Berumen ML, Habis T, Marshall PA, Rodrigue M, and Hawkes LA

Subjects
Animals, Biodiversity, Indian Ocean, Saudi Arabia, Sharks, Turtles
Abstract

The Red Sea is particularly biodiverse, hosting high levels of endemism and numerous populations whose extinction risk is heightened by their relative isolation. Elasmobranchs and sea turtles have likely suffered recent declines in this region, although data on their distribution and biology are severely lacking, especially on the eastern side of the basin in Saudi Arabian waters. Here, we present sightings of elasmobranchs and sea turtles across the north-eastern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba collected through a combination of survey methods. Over 455 survey hours, we recorded 407 sightings belonging to 26 elasmobranch species and two sea turtle species, more than 75% of which are of conservation concern. We identified 4 species of rays and 9 species of sharks not previously recorded in Saudi Arabia and report a range extension for the pink whipray (Himantura fai) and the round ribbontail ray (Taeniurops meyeni) into the Gulf of Aqaba. High density of sightings of conservation significance, including green and hawksbill sea turtles and halavi guitarfish were recorded in bay systems along the eastern Gulf of Aqaba and the Saudi Arabian coastline bordering the north-eastern Red Sea, and many carcharhinid species were encountered at offshore seamounts in the region. Our findings provide new insights into the distribution patterns of megafaunal assemblages over smaller spatial scales in the region, and facilitate future research and conservation efforts, amidst ongoing, large-scale coastal developments in the north-eastern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2022
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