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3. Linking pre-performance stress appraisals with emotions in sport.

Author

Stanger, Nicholas, Kaiseler, Mariana, and Williams, Toni L.

Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, SADNESS, SPORTS psychologists, EMOTIONS, PATH analysis (Statistics)
Abstract

Although research has investigated how appraisals are linked with categories of emotions (e.g. pleasant and unpleasant emotions) in sport, research into how stress appraisal components are associated with specific discrete emotions commonly experienced in sport has received scant attention. This study examined how pre-performance stress appraisals were related to pre-performance anger, anxiety, dejection, excitement, and happiness. Athletes (N = 458) completed measures of pre-performance stress appraisals and emotions in relation to their latest competitive performance. Path analyses revealed challenge appraisal was positively linked to pleasant emotions, and threat appraisal with unpleasant emotions. Specific emotions also possessed discrete links with appraisal components. For example, uncontrollable-by-anyone appraisal was positively linked with anger and dejection but inversely linked with anxiety. Moreover, controllable-by-others appraisal was positively associated, and controllable-by-self appraisal was negatively associated, with anxiety. Excitement and happiness were similarly related with appraisal components. However, controllable-by-self appraisal was positively and more strongly associated with excitement, whereas controllable-by-others appraisal was also positively and directly linked with happiness. These findings highlight how stress appraisals are linked with common emotions in sport and offer applied implications for coaches, sport psychologists and athletes regarding ways that could help regulate pre-performance emotions in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Linking Perfectionism with Moral Behaviors in Sport: The Mediating Role of Burnout and Moral Disengagement.

Author

Stanger, Nicholas, Jowett, Gareth E., Kaiseler, Mariana, and Williams, Toni L.

Subjects
DELINQUENT behavior, MORAL disengagement, PROSOCIAL behavior, SPORTS psychology, ANTISOCIAL personality disorders, PERFECTIONISM (Personality trait)
Abstract

Purpose: Research has identified a range of intrapersonal variables associated with moral behaviors in sport. However, research investigating how perfectionism and burnout are associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior toward teammates and opponents in sport has received scant attention. In the present study, we address this issue by examining whether perfectionism is associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport directly and indirectly via burnout and moral disengagement. Method: A total of 312 team sport players completed validated measures for each variable. Results: Path analyses revealed that perfectionistic concerns had a negative relationship with prosocial behavior toward teammates and an indirect positive association with antisocial behavior toward both teammates and opponents via being positively associated with burnout, which in turn, was positively associated with moral disengagement. In contrast, perfectionistic strivings had a positive association with prosocial behavior toward teammates, and an indirect positive association with antisocial behavior toward teammates and opponents via moral disengagement. Conclusion: Our findings offer new insights into how perfectionism and burnout are associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport, as well as highlight the need to consider perfectionistic tendencies and approaches to help reduce burnout and moral disengagement in the regulation of antisocial behavior in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Spinal cord injury and physical activity : health, well-being and (false) hope

Author

Williams, Toni L.

Subjects
617.4, Spinal cord injury, Physical activity, Health, Well-being, Hope, Rehabilitation, Narrative
Abstract

It is vital that people with spinal cord injury (SCI) maintain a physically active lifestyle to promote lifelong health and well-being. Yet despite these benefits, within hospital rehabilitation and upon discharge into the community, people with SCI are largely inactive. Physiotherapists in SCI rehabilitation have been identified as the healthcare professionals (HCPs) ideally placed to promote a physically active lifestyle. However, to successfully engage people with SCI in physical activity (PA), physiotherapists have to manage their hopes and expectations of SCI rehabilitation. With all this in mind, the purpose of this thesis was to explore the role of PA for people with SCI in hospital rehabilitation and in the community. The first aim of this research was to explore the barriers, benefits and facilitators of PA for people with SCI. The second aim was to examine how hopes and expectations are managed by the physiotherapists in SCI rehabilitation and by health practitioners in a community-based leisure time physical activity (LTPA) setting. The third aim was to propose improvement to LTPA promotion for people with SCI. These aims were addressed through: 1) a meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature to identify the barriers, benefits and facilitators of LTPA for people with SCI; 2) an examination of the role of LTPA in SCI rehabilitation; and 3) an exploration of experiences of participants with SCI, and their trainers in a new type of LTPA; activity-based rehabilitation (ABR). Framed by interpretivism, data were analysed by thematic analysis and dialogical narrative analysis. This thesis has made an original and significant contribution to the literature by revealing a deep understanding of factors that constrain and facilitate physically active lifestyles for people with SCI. For example, this research has uniquely demonstrated the role of pleasure in facilitating continued engagement in LTPA. Furthermore, this thesis identified that despite valuing the role of PA for people with SCI, active promotion of PA remains largely absent from physiotherapy practice. The dilemmas of promoting PA for the physiotherapists in SCI centres included a lack of training and education in health promotion and a concern over the false hope of recovery from LTPA opportunities such as ABR. To try and avoid false hope of recovery, the physiotherapists drew upon the therapeutic plot of acceptance and employed therapeutic actions to guide patients towards realistic hopes and expectations. An identification of three narrative types operating in ABR did reveal that some clients were exercising in the hope to walk again. However, the trainers were not preoccupied with acceptance as they also tried to avoid false hopes of ABR. In light of these findings there are several practical recommendations for people with SCI, HCPs such as physiotherapists, the health care system and other health practitioners in community based LTPA opportunities. These practical implications are aimed at improving PA promotion and reducing the barriers to PA for people with SCI. For example, there is a need for more effective knowledge translation across the macro, meso and micro fields. At the macro level meaningful guidelines on PA for people with SCI need to be developed and embedded into UK and Ireland policies if they are to be received and utilised by physiotherapists in SCI rehabilitation and health practitioners in the community. At the meso and micro level appropriate training and education need to be delivered to physiotherapists on PA and SCI to equip them with sufficient knowledge to prescribe and promote PA. Furthermore, the knowledge on PA shared with physiotherapists needs to include the diversity of LTPA opportunities available to people with SCI including ABR. Closer communication and engagement should be implemented at the micro level between physiotherapists in SCI centres and the health practitioners working in community initiatives such as ABR to confront issues regarding hope. In addition to knowledge translation practices, there needs to be support within the healthcare system to facilitate a physically active lifestyle for people with SCI. Equally, a more critical attitude to PA promotion is called for in terms of the possible adverse consequences.

Published
2016

8. Linking pre-performance stress appraisals with emotions in sport

Author

Stanger, Nick, Kaiseler, Mariana, Williams, Toni L, Stanger, Nick, Kaiseler, Mariana, and Williams, Toni L

Abstract

Although research has investigated how appraisals are linked with categories of emotions (e.g., pleasant and unpleasant emotions) in sport, research into how stress appraisal components are associated with specific discrete emotions commonly experienced in sport has received scant attention. This study examined how pre-performance stress appraisals were related to pre-performance anger, anxiety, dejection, excitement, and happiness. Athletes (N = 458) completed measures of pre-performance stress appraisals and emotions in relation to their latest competitive performance. Path analyses revealed challenge appraisal was positively linked to pleasant emotions, and threat appraisal with unpleasant emotions. Specific emotions also possessed discrete links with appraisal components. For example, uncontrollable-by-anyone appraisal was positively linked with anger and dejection but inversely linked with anxiety. Moreover, controllable-by-others appraisal was positively associated, and controllable-by-self appraisal was negatively associated, with anxiety. Excitement and happiness were similarly related with appraisal components. However, controllable-by-self appraisal was positively and more strongly associated with excitement, whereas controllable-by-others appraisal was also positively and directly linked with happiness. These findings highlight how stress appraisals are linked with common emotions in sport and offer applied implications for coaches, sport psychologists and athletes regarding ways that could help regulate pre-performance emotions in sport.

Published
2024

11. Organizational stress and well-being in competitive sport: a systematic review.

Author

Simpson, Richard A. C., Didymus, Faye F., and Williams, Toni L.

Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY of athletes, EMOTIONS, PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation, PROBLEM solving, COACHES (Athletics), ORGANIZATIONAL structure, SYSTEMATIC reviews, JOB stress, ATHLETIC ability, WELL-being, PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems, PSYCHOSOCIAL factors
Abstract

Research on organizational stress in sport has expanded within recent decades. Despite voluminous literature, no systematic reviews exist to congregate findings in a single, rigorous point of reference. Filling this void helps researchers and practitioners to understand organizational stress and its implications for health, well-being, and performance. The objectives of this study were to search for, appraise, and critically synthesize the literature on organizational stress (i.e. stressors, appraisals, coping, emotions) and or well-being within the context of organizational stress in competitive sport, with the intention of progressing conceptual, methodological, and applied understanding. A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines and robust searches of PsycArticles, PsycInfo, and SPORTDiscus databases. The final sample comprised 55 methodologically sound studies with athletes, coaches, and or support staff. Findings revealed a myriad of organizational stressors, underpinned by a range of situational properties, and managed using various coping options (e.g. problem solving). Appraisals, emotions, and well-being received scant attention in the context of organizational stress. Experiences of organizational stress among athletes, coaches, and support staff have highlighted implications for health – and performance-related outcomes. Future research should consider longitudinal, diary, integrative designs, and analytical pluralism within under-represented populations (e.g. coaches, support staff) to deepen our understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Moving Beyond Models: Theorizing Physical Disability in the Sociology of Sport.

Author

Brighton, James, Townsend, Robert C., Campbell, Natalie, and Williams, Toni L.

Subjects
DISABILITIES, SOCIOLOGICAL research, DISABILITY studies, SPORTS, SPORTS participation
Abstract

In this paper we explore current theoretical approaches available from the discipline of critical disability studies (CDS) for conceptualizing physical disability and advocate how these understandings can advance sociological research on disability sport. After reviewing a dominant "models" approach that has historically been employed, we illuminate how theoretical architecture provided by selected sociological theorists (Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, and Zygmunt Bauman) and from aesthetic, cyborg, and new materialist approaches can help reveal the materialist conditions, sociocultural structures, and lived realities of disability. In doing so, we appeal to researchers of disability sport to develop critical understandings of why alternative theoretical approaches are valuable, what theoretical choices to make, and how we can use theory to highlight oppression and empower those involved in disability sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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15. List of Contributors

Author

Abrams, Mitch, primary, Allan, Veronica, additional, Altfeld, Sebastian, additional, Amorose, Anthony J., additional, Araújo, Duarte, additional, Atkinson, Michael, additional, Baird, Shannon M., additional, Baker, Joseph, additional, Balish, Shea, additional, Bardid, Farid, additional, Bar-Eli, Michael, additional, Barker, Jamie, additional, Barkoukis, Vassilis, additional, Barnett, Lisa, additional, Battochio, Randy C., additional, Baumeister, Roy F., additional, Beauchamp, Mark R., additional, Beckmann, Jürgen, additional, Behm, David G., additional, Bellomo, Eduardo, additional, Benson, Alex, additional, Berger, Bonnie G., additional, Bernache-Assollant, Iouri, additional, Bertollo, Maurizio, additional, Bhavsar, Nikita, additional, Biddell, Hannah L., additional, Biddle, Stuart, additional, Blodgett, Amy T., additional, Bloom, Gordon A., additional, Blumenstein, Boris, additional, Bolter, Nicole D., additional, Boudreau, Patrick, additional, Bredemeier, Brenda Light, additional, Brown, Chris, additional, Brueckner, Sebastian, additional, Bruner, Mark W., additional, Burke, Shauna M., additional, Busanich, Rebecca, additional, Busch, Lena, additional, Butcher, Lois A., additional, Carless, David, additional, Caron, Jeffrey G., additional, Carter, Leeja, additional, Castillo, Sarah L., additional, Chang, Yu-Kai, additional, Charboneau, Nicole D., additional, Chatzisarantis, Nikos L.D., additional, Cheng, Ming-Yang, additional, Chermette, Chloé, additional, Chow, Graig M., additional, Chu, I-Hua, additional, Chu, Theo, additional, Coakley, Jay, additional, Coholic, Diana, additional, Compton, Bernadette, additional, Corbetta, Daniela, additional, Côté, Jean, additional, Cotterill, Stewart, additional, Cropley, Brendan, additional, Cruz, Jaume, additional, Darroch, Francine, additional, Davids, Keith, additional, Deal, Colin J., additional, Debanne, Thierry, additional, Den Hartigh, Ruud J.R., additional, DesClouds, Poppy, additional, di Fronso, Selenia, additional, Douglas, Kitrina, additional, Downs, Danielle S., additional, Dreiskämper, Dennis, additional, Durand-Bush, Natalie, additional, Dzikus, Lars, additional, Eccles, David W., additional, Effenberg, Alfred O., additional, Elbe, Anne-Marie, additional, Emrich, Eike, additional, Etnier, Jennifer, additional, Etzel, Edward, additional, Evans, M. Blair, additional, Eys, Mark, additional, Fasting, Kari, additional, Feistenauer, Clemens, additional, Feltz, Deborah L., additional, Ferguson, Leah J., additional, Filho, Edson, additional, Fisher, Leslee A., additional, Fleming, Audrey, additional, Fletcher, David, additional, Frank, Cornelia, additional, Fransen, Katrien, additional, Freeman, Paul, additional, Friesen, Andrew, additional, Furley, Philip, additional, Galloway, Shaun M., additional, Gassmann, Freya, additional, Gaudreau, Patrick, additional, Ge, Yang, additional, Gernigon, Christophe, additional, Gershgoren, Lael, additional, Geukes, Katharina, additional, Gilbert, Wade D., additional, Gill, Diane L., additional, Glenn, Nicola, additional, Godfrey, Michael, additional, Gonsalves, Christine A., additional, Gould, Daniel, additional, Granacher, Urs, additional, Graupensperger, Scott, additional, Greenlees, Iain, additional, Grey, Robert, additional, Gucciardi, Daniel F., additional, Guerrero, Michelle D., additional, Güldenpenning, Iris, additional, H. Kerr, John, additional, Hackfort, Dieter, additional, Hagan, John E., additional, Hagemann, Norbert, additional, Halson, Shona L., additional, Hancock, David J., additional, Hanton, Sheldon, additional, Hardy, James, additional, Hardy, Will, additional, Harwood, Chris G., additional, Hausenblas, Heather A., additional, Heidari, Jahan, additional, Herbison, Jordan D., additional, Heuer, Andreas, additional, Hilliard, Bobby, additional, Hodge, Ken, additional, Hodges, Nicola J., additional, Holmes, Paul, additional, Holt, Nicholas L., additional, Horn, Thelma S., additional, Hristovski, Robert, additional, Hudson, Joanne, additional, Hüffmeier, Joachim, additional, Hung, Tsung-Min, additional, James, Jeffrey D., additional, Johnson, Carra, additional, Jones, Martin I., additional, Jowett, Gareth E., additional, Jowett, Sophia, additional, Justen, Christoph, additional, Kao, San-Fu, additional, Karau, Steven J., additional, Kavussanu, Maria, additional, Keegan, Richard, additional, Kellmann, Michael, additional, Kerr, Gretchen, additional, Killham, Margo E., additional, Kim, Jeemin, additional, Kim, Youngho, additional, Klämpfl, Martin, additional, Kleinert, Jens, additional, Kljajic, Kristina, additional, Klöppel, York-Peter, additional, Knowles, Zoe, additional, Koester, Dirk, additional, Kölling, Sarah, additional, Kornspan, Alan S., additional, Krane, Vikki, additional, Krause, Daniel, additional, Kunz, Philipp, additional, Laborde, Sylvain, additional, Lane, Andrew M., additional, Lariviere, Michel, additional, Larsen, Carsten H., additional, Lastella, Michele, additional, LaVoi, Nicole M., additional, Law, Barbi, additional, Lazuras, Lambros, additional, Leslie-Toogood, Adrienne, additional, Lewthwaite, Rebecca, additional, Lidor, Ronnie, additional, Lindeman, Kent, additional, Lippke, Sonia, additional, Lobinger, Babett, additional, Loffing, Florian, additional, Loughead, Todd M., additional, Lucidi, Fabio, additional, Mack, Diane E., additional, MacMahon, Clare, additional, Malhotra, Neha, additional, Marks, Donald R., additional, Marques, Marta M., additional, Martin, Luc J., additional, Masters, Rich, additional, McCullagh, Penny, additional, McGannon, Kerry R., additional, Meier, Henk E., additional, Mellalieu, Stephen D., additional, Memmert, Daniel, additional, Mentzel, Stijn V., additional, Mesagno, Christopher, additional, Michie, Susan, additional, Middleton, Thierry R.F., additional, Mokhtari, Pooneh, additional, Moore, Lee, additional, Moore, Whitney, additional, Moran, Aidan, additional, Morres, Ioannis D., additional, Mosley, Emma, additional, Moss, Tayo, additional, Munroe-Chandler, Krista J., additional, Munzert, Jörn, additional, Murgia, Mauro, additional, Murphy, Shane, additional, Neil, Rich, additional, Nicholls, Adam R., additional, Nitsch, Jürgen R., additional, Noce, Franco, additional, Norman, Paul, additional, Ntoumanis, Nikos, additional, Oddson, Bruce, additional, Oghene, Patrick Odirin, additional, Oglesby, Carole, additional, Oluyedun, Olufemi A., additional, Orbach, Iris, additional, Oudejans, Raôul R.D., additional, Papathomas, Anthony, additional, Paradis, Kyle F., additional, Parham, William D., additional, Pelka, Maximilian, additional, Pels, Fabian, additional, Peters, Heather J., additional, Petersen, Brennan, additional, Petitpas, Albert, additional, Petty, Lisa, additional, Phoenix, Cassandra, additional, Pierce, Scott, additional, Plessner, Henning, additional, Poczwardowski, Artur, additional, Podlog, Leslie, additional, Pöppel, Katharina, additional, Prochaska, James O., additional, Prochaska, Janice M., additional, Quartiroli, Alessandro, additional, Raab, Markus, additional, Rhind, Daniel J.A., additional, Rhodes, Ryan E., additional, Richard, Veronique, additional, Robazza, Claudio, additional, Robbins, Jamie E., additional, Roberts, Ross, additional, Ruiz, Montse C., additional, Sabiston, Catherine M., additional, Sachs, Michael L., additional, Sackett, Sarah C., additional, Samuel, Roy David, additional, Sarkar, Mustafa, additional, Scanlan, Tara, additional, Scanlan, Tara K., additional, Schack, Thomas, additional, Schinke, Robert J., additional, Schlattmann, Andreas, additional, Schleu, Joyce E., additional, Schöllhorn, Wolfgang I., additional, Schorer, Jörg, additional, Schott, Nadja, additional, Schwarzer, Ralf, additional, Seanor, Michelle, additional, Seiler, Roland, additional, Seiler, Stephen, additional, Selby, Christine L.B., additional, Shephard, Roy J., additional, Shields, David, additional, Si, Gangyan, additional, Smith, Alan L., additional, Smith, Brett, additional, Smith, Kristina, additional, Smith, Ronald E., additional, Sonn, Christopher C., additional, Sperlich, Billy, additional, Stambulova, Natalia B., additional, Standage, Martyn, additional, Steggemann-Weinrich, Yvonne, additional, Stirling, Ashley, additional, Storm, Vera, additional, Strauß, Bernd, additional, Surya, Mark, additional, Swann, Christian, additional, Tamminen, Katherine A., additional, Taylor, Ian M., additional, Tenenbaum, Gershon, additional, Terry, Peter C., additional, Thelwell, Richard, additional, Theodorakis, Yannis, additional, Thogersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie, additional, Thrower, Sam N., additional, Tietjens, Maike, additional, Tirp, Judith, additional, Toner, John, additional, Toogood, Adrienne L., additional, Turnnidge, Jennifer, additional, Uiga, Liis, additional, Utesch, Till, additional, Vallerand, Robert J., additional, van der Kamp, John, additional, van Duijn, Tina, additional, Van Slingerland, Krista, additional, Velentzas, Konstantinos, additional, Verner-Filion, Jérémie, additional, Vine, Samuel J., additional, Waldron, Jennifer J., additional, Wann, Daniel L., additional, Watson, Jack C., additional, Wattie, Nick, additional, Way, William, additional, Weigelt, Matthias, additional, Weinberg, Robert, additional, Westerberg, Anders I., additional, Whitehead, Amy, additional, Wiese-Bjornstal, Diane M., additional, Williams, Kipling D., additional, Williams, Toni L., additional, Wilson, Mark, additional, Wolanin, Andrew T., additional, Woodman, Tim, additional, Wright, Emily, additional, Wu, Carolyn, additional, Wulf, Gabriele, additional, Wunsch, Kathrin, additional, Yarrow, Kielan, additional, Zakrajsek, Rebecca A., additional, and Zhang, Chun-Qing, additional

Published
2019
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16. The perfect storm : a meta-ethnography of the motivations, behaviours, and experiences of competitive bodybuilders

Author

Willmotta, Ellie F., Thrower, Sam N., Williams, Toni L., Petróczi, Andrea, Willmotta, Ellie F., Thrower, Sam N., Williams, Toni L., and Petróczi, Andrea

Abstract

Studies investigating competitive bodybuilding have primarily done so from a pathologizing perspective, and have often considered aspects of the competitive bodybuilding lifestyle in isolation, therefore overlooking the broader motivations underlying individuals’ engagement in the sport. The current study addressed these limitations by using a meta-ethnographic approach to review the existing competitive bodybuilding literature as a collective. Synthesis of 20 published studies relating to competitive bodybuilders’ motivations, behaviours, and experiences resulted in the construction of five third-order constructs: a journey of self-discovery and improvement, gaining a new identity, enacting control, conditional and unconditional social support, and decisional balance. Encapsulated as a ‘perfect storm’, the results offer novel conceptual understanding of how the interplay of personality traits, life experiences, and situational factors drive competitors to begin and maintain their participation in competitive bodybuilding, the social support they experience, and the role of control in competitors’ motivations, harm management, and justificatory processes. From an applied perspective, the study has implications in terms of both support provision and harm management.

Published
2023

21. Additional file 2 of Behaviours that prompt primary school teachers to adopt and implement physically active learning: a meta synthesis of qualitative evidence

Author

Daly-Smith, Andrew, Morris, Jade L., Norris, Emma, Williams, Toni L., Archbold, Victoria, Kallio, Jouni, Tammelin, Tuija H., Singh, Amika, Mota, Jorge, von Seelen, Jesper, Pesce, Caterina, Salmon, Jo, McKay, Heather, Bartholomew, John, and Resaland, Geir Kare

Subjects
Data_FILES
Abstract

Additional file 2.

Published
2021
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22. Additional file 1 of Behaviours that prompt primary school teachers to adopt and implement physically active learning: a meta synthesis of qualitative evidence

Author

Daly-Smith, Andrew, Morris, Jade L., Norris, Emma, Williams, Toni L., Archbold, Victoria, Kallio, Jouni, Tammelin, Tuija H., Singh, Amika, Mota, Jorge, von Seelen, Jesper, Pesce, Caterina, Salmon, Jo, McKay, Heather, Bartholomew, John, and Resaland, Geir Kare

Subjects
Data_FILES
Abstract

Additional file 1.

Published
2021
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24. Supplemental_File – Supplemental material for Sporting Activities for Individuals Who Experienced Trauma During Their Youth: A Meta-Study

Author

Massey, William V. and Williams, Toni L.

Subjects
111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods, FOS: Health sciences, humanities, FOS: Sociology
Abstract

Supplemental material, Supplemental_File for Sporting Activities for Individuals Who Experienced Trauma During Their Youth: A Meta-Study by William V. Massey and Toni L. Williams in Qualitative Health Research

Published
2019
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27. Exploring how the process of quality participation unfolds for volunteers in community-based exercise programs for persons with disabilities

Author

Man, Kristiann E., Williams, Toni L., Barnim, Nigel, Shirazipour, Celina H., Latimer-Cheung, Amy E., and Tomasone, Jennifer R.

Abstract

ABSTRACTWithin community-based exercise programs (CBEPs) for persons with disabilities, research suggests that the quality participation experiences of volunteers support the quality participation experiences of members. Yet, little is known about how quality participation unfolds over time for volunteers and how to foster positive experiences for these individuals. As such, we sought to explore how volunteers’ experiences of quality participation may fluctuate over time while they are participating in a CBEP for persons with disabilities using a longitudinal, integrated methods approach. Over a five-month period, a novel combination of (a) semi-structured interviews, (b) timelines, (c) relational maps and (d) audio diaries was used with university-aged volunteers at Revved Up, an adaptive CBEP in Kingston, Ontario. These datasets, subject to thematic analysis, illuminated meaningful understandings of how quality participation develops for volunteers by means of two overarching themes: a ‘process’ of how quality participation unfolds over time, and conditions supporting access to this ‘process’. The findings demonstrate the value of integrating of pluralistic qualitative methods and yield insights into the quality participation process to an extent that may not have been garnered through a single method or cross-sectional study. Critical reflections and insights concerning the use of integrated methods in sport, exercise and health fields are considered. Practically speaking, CBEP providers and researchers can utilise the findings to inform the design, implementation and evaluation of initiatives to support the quality participation of volunteers.

Published
2021
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30. Sporting Activities for Individuals Who Experienced Trauma During Their Youth: A Meta-Study.

Author

Massey, William V. and Williams, Toni L.

Subjects
*ATHLETIC ability, *CINAHL database, *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems, *MEDLINE, *SPORTS, *WOUNDS & injuries, *SYSTEMATIC reviews, *QUALITATIVE research, *SOCIAL context, *PHYSICAL activity, *PATIENTS' attitudes, *META-synthesis
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to critically examine the qualitative research on childhood trauma survivors' experiences of sporting activities. A comprehensive search of health and social science databases, manual journal searches, and contact with experts yielded 7,395 records. Full-text screening resulted in a final sample of 16 studies. Meta-study methodology was used as a diagnostic tool to rigorously analyze the theory, methods, and findings of the included studies. Studies with explicit connections between philosophy, theory, and methodology resulted in a more robust and critical contribution to the literature. There was much diversity in terms of methodological approaches and qualitative methods which was important in revealing the multifaceted nature of experiences in sporting activities following trauma. Findings from the reviewed studies indicated that a sense of belonging, psychological escape, embodied experience, and the physical and social environmental are important considerations in the study of sporting activities for trauma survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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32. Physical activity promotion for people with spinal cord injury: physiotherapists’ beliefs and actions.

Author

Williams, Toni L., Smith, Brett, and Papathomas, Anthony

Subjects
*LEGAL compliance, *HEALTH promotion, *INTERVIEWING, *RESEARCH methodology, *PATIENTS, *PHYSICAL therapists, *PHYSICAL therapy, *PROFESSIONS, *SPINAL cord injuries, *QUALITATIVE research, *THEMATIC analysis, *INDEPENDENT living, *PHYSICAL activity, *PHYSICAL therapists' attitudes
Abstract

Purpose:It is vital that people with spinal cord injury (SCI) lead a physically active lifestyle to promote long term health and well-being. Yet within rehabilitation and upon discharge into the community, people with SCI are largely inactive. Physiotherapists are well placed to promote a physically active lifestyle and are valued and trusted messengers of physical activity (PA) by people with SCI. Therefore this study aimed to explore theperceptionsof physiotherapists in SCI rehabilitation on PA for people with SCI, andwhatis done to promote PA. Method:Semi-structured interviews were completed with 18 neurological physiotherapists (2–22 years experience) from SCI centres in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Framed by interpretivism, an inductive thematic analysis was conducted. Results:Three themes were identified: (1) perceived importance of PA; (2) inconsistent PA promotion efforts; and (3) concern regarding community PA. Conclusions:This article makes a significant contribution to the literature by identifying that although physiotherapists value PA, active promotion of PA remains largely absent from their practice. To enable physiotherapists to promote and prescribe PA as a structured and integral component of their practice, effective knowledge strategies need designing and implementing at the macro, meso, and micro levels of healthcare. Implications for RehabilitationPhysiotherapists are well placed to promote a physically active lifestyle and are perceived as valued and trusted messengers of physical activity (PA).The importance of PA for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) is valued by physiotherapists yet PA promotion is largely absent from their practice.Physiotherapists lack specific education and training on PA and SCI and hold certain beliefs which restrict their promotion of PA.Knowledge translation across the macro, meso, and micro levels of healthcare are essential to facilitate effective PA promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2018
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34. Exercise is medicine? Most of the time for most; but not always for all

Author

Williams, Toni L., Hunt, Emily R., Papathomas, Anthony, and Smith, Brett

Abstract

AbstractBased on extensive research on the relationship between exercise and health, exercise as a form of medicine is a powerful concept of growing popularity within health care, academia and policy. Proponents of this exercise is medicine (EiM) movement frame exercise as a panacea for a variety of health issues and uncritically promote exercise as good for all. Two clinical populations particularly influenced by the EiM agenda are spinal cord injury (SCI) and arthritis. The purpose of this research was to explore how individuals with SCI and arthritis personally make sense of their exercise experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 participants with SCI and 20 participants with arthritis. Following a thematic narrative analysis, three patterns were identified across the whole data-set. These were: (1) exercise and restitution; (2) exercise and pain; and (3) exercise and pleasure. Taken together, these results provide new knowledge regarding the impact of exercise that both align with, and contrast, the dominant EiM discourse. When exercise is perceived as ‘medicine’, stories of exercise participation spoke of cure, and restitution, rather than health and well-being. Pain was an unwelcomed side effect of exercise participation for some, and had a detrimental impact upon motivation and engagement. Lastly, a focus upon the medicinal benefits of exercise did not reflect the multiple pleasures experienced through exercise participation. Thus, health professionals, academics and policy-makers need to prescribe to more ethical forms of exercise promotion that may lead to more efficacious, person-sensitive interventions.

Published
2018
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35. The BASES Expert Statement on Disability and Creating an Empowering Environment for Disabled People to Flourish.

Author

Huntley, Tabo, Sprung, Tori, Williams, Toni L., Smith, Brett, and Bone, Lydia

Abstract

The article reports that the International Paralympic Committee seeks to challenge society's perception of disability and yet research continually highlights that disabled people continue to face disproportionate barriers to sport and physical activity when compared to nondisabled counterparts. Topics include examines the complexity associated with understand, represent and deliver impactful solutions to address barriers faced by a diverse disabled community remains incompletely understood.

Published
2022

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