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Introduction: Individuals experiencing homelessness have elevated smoking rates in addition to chronic and acute physical and mental health conditions, which may increase chances for complications associated with COVTD-19 recovery. Unfortunately, there is underuse of tobacco cessation services in many agencies (e.g., substance use treatment centers, mental health treatment centers) providing care to these individuals. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of providing tobacco cessation treatment alongside local COVID-19 emergency response efforts. Method: Taking Texas Tobacco Free (TTTF) partnered with relevant emergency response teams at 5 isolation centers (repurposed hotels) in Austin, Texas, to address tobacco use among presumed or confirmed COVID-19 positive individuals who had nowhere else to seek care and shelter. TTTF trained staff on tobacco cessation treatment; specifically, the 5A's and use of nicotine replacement therapy. Results: Over 5 months in 2020; 170 of 379 (44.9%) isolation center residents were reached and assessed for cigarette or vape use. Smoking/vaping prevalence was 70.6%, and 41.7% of tobacco users accepted cessation treatment. Discussion: Results suggest the feasibility and potential acceptability of providing tobacco treatment services in similar care settings during local emergency response efforts, including but potentially not limited to the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, this initiates a call to action for health care providers to deliver tobacco use cessation services for typically hard-to-reach groups (e.g., individuals/families experiencing homelessness) who may have increased contact with service agencies and health providers during times of crisis. Limitations and suggestions for future implementation are also provided. Public Significance Statement The COVID-19 pandemic made even more clear the critical need to promote actionable and accessible care to vulnerable populations disparately affected by the pandemic. This study is among the first to describe the potential use of isolation centers to rapidly mobilize and adapt tobacco cessation treatments during times of crisis alongside local COVID-19 emergency response efforts. Keywords: COVID-19. pandemic, tobacco cessation, behavioral health, homelessness, Tobacco use. particularly cigarette smoking, is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2020) and a known risk factor [...]

Mesostructured matter composed of colloidal nanocrystals in solidified architectures abounds with broadly tunable catalytic, magnetic, optoelectronic, and energy storing properties. Less common are liquid-like assemblies of colloidal nanocrystals in a condensed phase, which may have different energy transduction behaviors owing to their dynamic character. Limiting investigations into dynamic colloidal nanocrystal architectures is the lack of schemes to control or redirect the tendency of the system to solidify. We show how to solidify and subsequently reconfigure colloidal nanocrystal assemblies dimensionally confined to a liquid-liquid interface. Our success in this regard hinged on the development of competitive chemistries anchoring or releasing the nanocrystals to or from the interface. With these chemistries, it was possible to control the kinetic trajectory between quasi-two-dimensional jammed (solid-like) and unjammed (liquid-like) states. In future schemes, it may be possible to leverage this control to direct the formation or destruction of explicit physical pathways for energy carriers to migrate in the system in response to an external field.

Regulating the complex environment accounting for the stability, selectivity, and activity of catalytic metal nanoparticle interfaces represents a challenge to heterogeneous catalyst design. Here we demonstrate the intrinsic performance enhancement of a composite material composed of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in a bottom-up synthesized graphene nanoribbon (GNR) matrix for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Electrochemical studies reveal that the structural and electronic properties of the GNR composite matrix increase the AuNP electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), lower the requisite CO2 reduction overpotential by hundreds of millivolts (catalytic onset > -0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), increase the Faraday efficiency (>90%), markedly improve stability (catalytic performance sustained over >24 h), and increase the total catalytic output (>100-fold improvement over traditional amorphous carbon AuNP supports). The inherent structural and electronic tunability of bottom-up synthesized GNR-AuNP composites affords an unrivaled degree of control over the catalytic environment, providing a means for such profound effects as shifting the rate-determining step in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO, and thereby altering the electrocatalytic mechanism at the nanoparticle surface.

Tobacco-free workplace policies (TFWPs) are underused evidence-based interventions that reduce the elevated use of tobacco among substance use treatment center (SUTC) employees and patients. SUTC employees' anticipated concerns about stakeholder pushback are barriers to TFWP adoption. Examination of discrepancies between anticipated and actualized employee-reported TFWP concerns arising from coworkers, patients, and community members in the context of leadership concerns and tobacco cessation care availability for employees may inform strategies to increase TFWP uptake. This study analyzed changes in employee-reported TFWP concerns from before to after a comprehensive tobacco-free workplace intervention that included TFWP implementation, using Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests. Preimplementation leadership policy concerns and tobacco cessation care availability were examined as moderators in generalized linear mixed models. Overall, 452 employees and 13 leaders provided data from 13 SUTCs collectively serving >82 000 patients annually. Results revealed significant decreases over time in employee-reported concerns about TFWP resistance from coworkers. Moderation analyses indicated that employee-anticipated concerns from coworkers and patients, respectively, were less likely to be actualized in SUTCs where leadership endorsed preimplementation TFWP concerns, whereas employee-reported patient concerns rose over time in SUTCs where leadership had no initial implementation concerns. Additionally, employee-anticipated concerns from coworkers were overestimated in SUTCs that did not offer tobacco cessation care to employees. Results supporting the nonactualization of anticipated employee concerns following TFWP implementation can be used to engage other SUTCs for TFWP adoption. Furthermore, moderation effects may suggest that center characteristics translate to greater attention to rollout, ultimately enhancing TFWP stakeholder acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundLabour market disengagement among youths has lasting negative economic and social consequences, yet is poorly understood. We compared four types of work-related self-perceptions, as well as vulnerability to mental health and substance abuse problems, among youths not in education, employment or training (NEET) and among their peers.MethodsParticipants were from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) longitudinal study, a nationally representative UK cohort of 2,232 twins born in 1994-1995. We measured commitment to work, job-search effort, professional/technical skills, 'soft' skills (e.g. teamwork, decision-making, communication), optimism about getting ahead, and mental health and substance use disorders at age 18. We also examined childhood mental health.ResultsAt age 18, 11.6% of participants were NEET. NEET participants reported themselves as committed to work and searching for jobs with greater diligence than their non-NEET peers. However, they reported fewer 'soft' skills (B = -0.98, p

Here we show that sub-micron coatings of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and even ZIF-ZIF bilayers can be grown directly on polymers of intrinsic microporosity from zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystal precursor films, yielding a new class of all-microporous layered hybrids. The ZnO-to-ZIF chemical transformation proceeded in less than 30 min under microwave conditions using a solution of the imidazole ligand in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), water, or mixtures thereof. By varying the ratio of DMF to water, it was possible to control the morphology of the ZIF-on-polymer from isolated crystallites to continuous films. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction was used to confirm the presence of crystalline ZIF in the thin films, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to quantify film purity, revealing films with little to no residual ZnO. The role solvent plays in the transformation mechanism is discussed in light of these findings, which suggest the ZnO nanocrystals may be necessary to localize heterogeneous nucleation of the ZIF to the polymer surface.

High school students often use online databases and the Internet in the school library media center (SLMC) to complete teachers' assignments. This case study used a survey to assess teachers' awareness of electronic resources, and to determine whether their directions influence student use of these resources in the SLMC. Participants were teachers from an Indiana high school. Findings revealed that teachers encourage student Internet use in the SLMC, but most do not direct students to use databases. Teachers consider information from electronic databases to be more reliable and focused, but they say the Internet is faster, easier to use, and has a greater scope of information. Findings, conclusions, and recommendations reported should not be generalized beyond the local environment for this exploratory study. (Contains 7 tables and 2 online resources.)

Objective: Tobacco-free workplace policies (TFWPs) at behavioral health treatment centers can curb clients' tobacco use and secondhand smoke/vape exposure. However, there is little extant observational research about how total versus partial workplace tobacco use bans are associated with employees' perceptions of best tobacco-related practices in behavioral health centers. Little is understood about the relationship between total or partial TFWPs and other factors that influence evidence-based client care including employees' beliefs and their tobacco treatment practices. In this study, we examined these associations within Local Mental Health Authorities (LMHAs) providing behavioral healthcare throughout Texas. Methods: Employees from 30 of 39 LMHAs (> 75% of Texas' statewide service area) responded to a 2021 survey on their TFWP characteristics. We explored associations between the TFWP (total vs partial) and variables of interest using independent proportions tests (p < .10). Results: LMHAs with total TFWPs reported clearer signage, more consistent enforcement, and greater client, contractor, and visitor awareness (ps = .013 to .078). They were also more likely to offer tobacco screening training, promote the Quitline, and believe in the benefits of concurrent treatment of behavioral health needs and tobacco use (ps = .024 to .079). Conclusions: LMHAs with partial TFWPs had weaknesses in communication, enforcement, awareness, and greater barriers to tobacco use care. There are opportunities for collaboration between LMHAs to share policies and care-facilitation practices to reduce the research-to-practice gap and resultant tobacco use inequities statewide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]