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4. Chemotaxis plays multiple roles during Helicobacter pylori animal infection

Author

Terry, K, Williams, S M, Connolly, L, and Ottemann, K M

Subjects
pathogenesis, virulence, Helicobacter, chemotaxis
Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a human gastric pathogen associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers as well as specific gastric cancers. H. pylori infects approximately 50% of the world's population. and infections can persist throughout the lifetime of the host. Motility and chemotaxis have been shown to be important in the infection process of H. pylori. We sought to address the specific roles of chemotaxis in infection of a mouse model system. We found that mutants lacking cheW, cheA, or cheY are all nonchemotactic and infect FVB/N mice with an attenuated phenotype after 2 weeks of infection. If infections proceeded for 6 months, however, this attenuation disappeared. Histological and culture analysis revealed that nonchemotactic mutants were found only in the corpus of the stomach, while the wild type occupied both the corpus and the antrum. Further analysis showed that nonchemotactic H. pylori isolates had an increased 50% infectious dose and were greatly outcompeted when coinfected with the wild type. If nonchemotactic mutants were allowed to establish an infection, subsequent infection with the wild type partially displaced the nonchemotactic mutants. indicating a role for chernotaxis in maintenance of infection. he data presented here support four roles for chemotaxis in H. pylori mouse infections: (i) establishing infection. (ii) achieving high-level infection, (iii) maintaining an infection when there are competing H. pylori present. and (iv) colonizing all regions of the stomach.

Published
2005

7. Latin America Echinoderm Biodiversity and Biogeography: Patterns and Affinities

Author

Pérez-Ruzafa, A., Alvarado, J. J., Solís-Marín, F. A., Hernández, J. C., Morata, A., Marcos, C., Abreu-Pérez, M., Aguilera, O., Alió, J., Bacallado-Aránega, J. J., Barraza, E., Benavides-Serrato, M., Benítez-Villalobos, F., Betancourt-Fernández, L., Borges, M., Brandt, M., Brogger, M. I., Borrero-Pérez, G. H., Buitrón-Sánchez, B. E., Campos, L. S., Cantera, J. R., Clemente, S., Cohen-Renfijo, M., Coppard, S. E., Costa-Lotufo, L. V., del Valle-García, R., Díaz de Vivar, M. E., Díaz-Martínez, J. P., Díaz, Y., Durán-González, A., Epherra, L., Escolar, M., Francisco, V., Freire, C. A., García-Arrarás, J. E., Gil, D. G., Guarderas, P., Hadel, V. F., Hearn, A., Hernández-Delgado, E. A., Herrera-Moreno, A., Herrero-Pérezrul, M. D., Hooker, Y., Honey-Escandón, M. B. I., Lodeiros, C., Luzuriaga, M., Manso, C. L. C., Martín, A., Martínez, M. I., Martínez, S., Moro-Abad, L., Mutschke, E., Navarro, J. C., Neira, R., Noriega, N., Palleiro-Nayar, J. S., Pérez, A. F., Prieto-Ríos, E., Reyes, J., Rodríguez-Barreras, R., Rubilar, T., Sancho-Mejías, T. I., Sangil, C., Silva, J. R. M. C., Sonnenholzner, J. I., Ventura, C. R. R., Tablado, A., Tavares, Y., Tiago, C. G., Tuya, F., Williams, S. M., Alvarado, Juan José, editor, and Solis-Marin, Francisco Alonso, editor

Published
2013
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30. Self‐monitoring has no adverse effect on disordered eating in adults seeking treatment for obesity

Author

Jospe, M. R., Brown, R. C., Williams, S. M., Roy, M., Meredith‐Jones, K. A., and Taylor, R. W.

Subjects
monitoring, obesity, Original Article, Original Articles, weight loss, Disordered eating
Abstract

Summary Objectives Although monitoring is considered a key component of effective behaviour change, the development of apps has allowed consumers to constantly evaluate their own diet, with little examination of what this might mean for eating behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self‐monitoring of diet using the app MyFitnessPal or daily self‐weighing increases the reported occurrence of eating disorders in adults with overweight/obesity following a weight loss programme. Methods Two hundred fifty adults with body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2 received diet and exercise advice and were randomized to one of four monitoring strategies (daily self‐weighing, MyFitnessPal, brief monthly consults or self‐monitoring hunger) or control for 12 months. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0 was used to assess eating disorder symptoms and behaviours for the previous 28 d at 0 and 12 months. Results There were no significant differences in the global Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire score or the subscales between those in the four monitoring groups and the control at 12 months (all p ≥ 0.164), nor were there differences in binge eating, self‐induced vomiting, laxative misuse or excessive exercise at 12 months (p ≥ 0.202). The overall prevalence of one or more episodes of binge eating was 53.6% at baseline and 50.6% at 12 months, with no change over time (p = 0.662). Conclusions There was no evidence that self‐monitoring, including using diet apps like MyFitnessPal or daily self‐weighing, increases the reported occurrence of eating disorder behaviours in adults with overweight/obesity who are trying to lose weight.

Published
2018

34. Latin America Echinoderm Biodiversity and Biogeography: Patterns and Affinities

Author

Pérez-Ruzafa, A., primary, Alvarado, J. J., additional, Solís-Marín, F. A., additional, Hernández, J. C., additional, Morata, A., additional, Marcos, C., additional, Abreu-Pérez, M., additional, Aguilera, O., additional, Alió, J., additional, Bacallado-Aránega, J. J., additional, Barraza, E., additional, Benavides-Serrato, M., additional, Benítez-Villalobos, F., additional, Betancourt-Fernández, L., additional, Borges, M., additional, Brandt, M., additional, Brogger, M. I., additional, Borrero-Pérez, G. H., additional, Buitrón-Sánchez, B. E., additional, Campos, L. S., additional, Cantera, J. R., additional, Clemente, S., additional, Cohen-Renfijo, M., additional, Coppard, S. E., additional, Costa-Lotufo, L. V., additional, del Valle-García, R., additional, Díaz de Vivar, M. E., additional, Díaz-Martínez, J. P., additional, Díaz, Y., additional, Durán-González, A., additional, Epherra, L., additional, Escolar, M., additional, Francisco, V., additional, Freire, C. A., additional, García-Arrarás, J. E., additional, Gil, D. G., additional, Guarderas, P., additional, Hadel, V. F., additional, Hearn, A., additional, Hernández-Delgado, E. A., additional, Herrera-Moreno, A., additional, Herrero-Pérezrul, M. D., additional, Hooker, Y., additional, Honey-Escandón, M. B. I., additional, Lodeiros, C., additional, Luzuriaga, M., additional, Manso, C. L. C., additional, Martín, A., additional, Martínez, M. I., additional, Martínez, S., additional, Moro-Abad, L., additional, Mutschke, E., additional, Navarro, J. C., additional, Neira, R., additional, Noriega, N., additional, Palleiro-Nayar, J. S., additional, Pérez, A. F., additional, Prieto-Ríos, E., additional, Reyes, J., additional, Rodríguez-Barreras, R., additional, Rubilar, T., additional, Sancho-Mejías, T. I., additional, Sangil, C., additional, Silva, J. R. M. C., additional, Sonnenholzner, J. I., additional, Ventura, C. R. R., additional, Tablado, A., additional, Tavares, Y., additional, Tiago, C. G., additional, Tuya, F., additional, and Williams, S. M., additional

Published
2012
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48. In search of hemispheric asymmetry : an analysis of the significance of the phenomenon with normal subjects

Author

Williams, S. M.

Subjects
612.8
Abstract

Within the field of research on hemispheric asymmetry there is an area involving an indirect approach using normal subjects. The problem is that research in the area seems to face a limitation on the level of psychological function which it can illuminate. In particular, such research appears to have been successful in challenging our understanding of the phonological level of language processes or the short-term level of memory processes but not that of levels beyond. With auditory stimuli it was supposed for the purposes of this dissertation that an endeavour to reduce artificiality (both theoretical and experimental) might extend the applicability of this kind of research beyond the levels mentioned. However this supposition of extendability could not be maintained, following a series of six monaural and two dichotic ear-difference experiments. The results of the experiments gave no more than weak support to some fresh hypotheses about how the applicability of the research to further functions might be achieved, nor did such hypotheses indicate promising lines of future investigation. Doubts were floated about whether ear differences in normal subjects reflect hemispheric asymmetry at all; although it is possible to construct reasons why specifically those further levels of function (beyond the phonological/short-term) showing hemispheric asymmetry might inevitably fail to be reflected by ear differences in normal subjects. Such doubts were broadly elaborated and speculated upon rather generally.

Published
1979

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