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1. 'Let Us Tell the Story of Our Land and Place': Tribal Leaders on the Seizure and Sale of Territories Benefiting Land-Grant Universities

Author

Williams, Richard B., Gavazzi, Stephen M., Roberts, Michael E., Snyder, Brian W., Low, John N., Hoy, Casey, Chaatsmith, Marti L., and Charles, Michael

Abstract

The Stepping Out and Stepping Up (SOSU) Native American Racial Justice Project initiative, developed in partnership with First Nations Development Institute (FNDI), was designed to address the dispossession and sale of tribal lands used to establish the Ohio State University. This work was inspired by the publication of the "Land Grab Universities Report" (Lee & Ahtone, 2020), which provided exact details regarding amounts of land taken from specific tribal nations and meticulously documented the circumstances surrounding the dispossession and the sums of monies raised in the sale of each parcel that was used to fund 52 Land-Grant universities through the 1862 Morrill Act. According to the "Land Grab Universities Report," more than 100 tribes experienced the dispossession of over 640,000 acres of land that were provided to the state government of Ohio to establish the Ohio State University. This article focuses on the SOSU activities centering on the viewpoints of the leaders of those tribal nations whose land was seized and sold to help found the Ohio State University. It reports on the results of the first 12 interviews conducted with the leaders of current tribal nations. It is the authors' hope in writing this article that it will launch a process across all Land-Grant universities whereby it can honor the spirit of a statement made by one of the tribal leaders: "Let us tell the story of our land and place." In so doing, they wish to create a platform that supports the advocacy for reparative activities such as the investment in 1994--1862 Land-Grant partnerships addressed in a previous article (Williams, Gavazzi, Roberts, et al., 2021). [For the previous article, "Paying Old Debts," see EJ1345435.]

Published
2022

2. Paying Old Debts

Author

Williams, Richard B., Gavazzi, Stephen M., Roberts, Michael E., Chaatsmith, Marti L., Hoy, Casey, Low, John N., and Snyder, Brian

Abstract

In 1862, the U.S. House of representatives granted land to states for the express purpose of supporting the development of public universities. In turn, states were given the responsibility for providing the land upon which these universities would be built, as well as contributing monetarily to their ongoing development. Known as the Morrill Act, this congressional action was designed to support at least one institution of higher learning in each state that would offer access to an affordable and practical college degree, opening the door to the American dream for the "industrial classes." However the publication of the Land-Grab Universities report (Lee & Ahtone, 2020) blew the doors off the central narrative surrounding the foundation of America's original Land Grant universities. The compendium provided exact details regarding amounts of land taken from specific tribal nations and meticulously documented sums of monies raised in the sale of those territories. In short, the bill designed to create public universities in each state-- sponsored by Senator Justin Morrill of Vermont and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln--gave away territories taken from Native nations typically by brute force or lopsided treaties. Sparked by the Land-Grab Universities report, a faculty and staff group from the Ohio State University (OSU) created the Stepping Out and Stepping Up (SOSU) racial justice project to address the dispossession and sale of tribal lands used to fund the establishment of OSU. The SOSU initiative was developed in partnership with First Nations Development Institute (FNDI), the largest Native-controlled economic justice organization in the United States that provides economic development assistance, research, and advocacy for reservations and tribal communities.

Published
2021

6. Career Area Rotation Model: User's Manual.

Author

Decision Systems Associates, Inc., Rockville, MD., Air Force Human Resources Lab., Lackland AFB, TX. Manpower and Personnel Systems Div., and Williams, Richard B.

Abstract

The Career Area Rotation Model (CAROM) was developed as a result of the need for a computer based model describing the rotation of airmen within a specific career area (occupational specialty) through various categories of tour duty, accommodating all policies and interactions which are relevant for evaluation purposes. CAROM is an entity simulation (gaming) model providing long term projections, up to 30 years. This user's manual provides user-oriented documentation in sufficient detail to give the prospective user a complete group of the concepts and logic underlying the model. The presentation includes: (a) a comprehensive overview of the system; (b) a description of the system's modules and the interrelationships of their inputs and outputs; (c) detailed instructions on input card formats, with appropriate discussion as to the relationship between input parameters and applications of the model; and (d) a description and explanation of reports generated by the model. (Author/DS)

Published
1973

10. Final Report Feasibility Study for the California Wave Energy Test Center (CalWavesm)

Author

Blakeslee, Samuel Norman, primary, Toman, William I., additional, Williams, Richard B., additional, Davy, Douglas M., additional, West, Anna, additional, Connet, Randy M., additional, Thompson, Janet, additional, Dolan, Dale, additional, Baltimore, Craig, additional, Jacobson, Paul, additional, Hagerman, George, additional, Potter, Chris, additional, Dooher, Brendan, additional, Wendt, Dean, additional, Sheppard, Colin, additional, Harris, Andrew, additional, and Lawson, W. Graham, additional

Published
2017
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17. Physical observation of single step UV-written integrated planar Bragg structures and their application as a refractive-index sensor

Author

Emmerson, Gregory D., Gawith, Corin B.E., Sparrow, Ian J.G., Williams, Richard B., and Smith, Peter G.R.

Subjects
Ultraviolet radiation -- Research, Optics -- Research, Sensors -- Research, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

We present what is to our knowledge the first demonstration of a potentially low-cost refractive-index sensor based on UV processing. A channel waveguide and a Bragg grating are defined in a single UV processing step, resulting in a buried structure with a well-defined grating period. A subsequent wet etch process located over the Bragg grating opens a sensing window in the device and reveals the grating structure. Sensitivity of as much as 5 x [10.sup.-6] was inferred from our device. OCIS codes: 130.0130, 130.6010.

Published
2005

18. Effects of carbohydrate refeeding on physiological responses and psychological and physical performance following acute weight reduction in collegiate wrestlers

Author

Finn, Kevin J., Dolgener, Forrest A., and Williams, Richard B.

Subjects
Weight loss -- Psychological aspects, Weight loss -- Physiological aspects, Carbohydrates -- Health aspects, Carbohydrates -- Physiological aspects, Carbohydrates -- Psychological aspects, Wrestlers -- Training, Wrestlers -- Food and nutrition, Wrestlers -- Physiological aspects, Health, Sports and fitness
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of carbohydrate refeeding on intermittent sprint exercise, blood lactate response, and mood following a typical weight-reduction program practiced by college wrestlers. Fifteen collegiate wrestlers from the University of Northern Iowa completed 3 trials of intermittent arm cranking and a mood inventory prior to weigh-ins (baseline), after weigh-ins, and 1 hour postconsumption of either 1.5 g carbohydrate (CHO)/kg body mass carbohydrate beverage (25% solution) or placebo taken within 1 hour after weigh-ins. Blood lactate responses were determined with each trial. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated no significant interaction between group and trial for total work (p = 0.08), blood lactate (p = 0.29), positive mood (p = 0.49), or negative mood (p 0.78). Simple effects analysis indicated a significant difference in lactate response between trials (p = 0.002); however, no difference for work (p = 0.75), positive mood (p = 0.13), or negative mood (p = 0.08). The results of this study suggest that intermittent sprint exercise, blood lactate response, and mood were not positively affected by ingestion of CHOs following an acute weight-reduction period. KEY WORDS. anaerobic performance, glucose ingestion

Published
2004

19. Imaging of trace species distributions by degenerate four-wave mixing: diffraction effects, spatial resolution, and image referencing

Author

Ewart, Paul, Smith, Peter G.R., and Williams, Richard B.

Subjects
Diffraction -- Research, Fourier transformations -- Analysis, Fluorescence -- Research, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

We describe the theory of imaging by degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) using a standard diffraction theory of imaging by coherent light. We demonstrate that, even with the phase-conjugating geometry, no aberration correction can be achieved by DFWM imaging. We demonstrate the coherent nature of DFWM image formation using spatially modulated signals generated in flame OH in the phaseconjugating geometry. The intensity distribution in the Fourier plane of a telecentric lens system is shown to be the spatial Fourier transform of the object distribution characteristic of coherent imaging. The brightness of the DFWM signals exceeds that of similar laser-induced fluorescence signals that can be discriminated by restricting the aperture of the imaging system while still allowing a spatial resolution of approximately 70 [[micro]meter]. DFWM imaging with the forward-folded boxcars geometry is demonstrated and used in a simple referencing scheme to compensate for structure on the images imposed by non-uniformity of the laser beams employed. Images formed in NO are used to illustrate that structure on a scale of less than 100 [[micro]meter] arising from beam inhomogeneity can be removed by this referencing technique.

Published
1997

22. Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of Pickle Juice's Effects on Exercise Associated Muscle Cramps.

Author

Miller, Kevin C., Knight, Kenneth L., and Williams, Richard B.

Subjects
PICKLES, MUSCLE cramps, MUSCLE diseases, SURVEYS, ATHLETIC trainers
Abstract

The article presents research into the use of pickle juice to prevent or treat exercise associated muscle cramps (EAMC). The research was performed by a descriptive electronic mail survey of 1,000 U.S. athletic trainers. The results are described, noting that one quarter of respondents have used pickle juice to treat EAMC and almost one fifth of respondents have used it to prevent EAMC. Based on the results, the article recommends future research into the use of pickle juice for EAMC.

Published
2008

24. Rheumatoid arthritis - treatment: 180. Utility of Body Weight Classified Low-Dose Leflunomide in Japanese Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author

Nishikawa, Masataka, Owaki, Hajime, Fuji, Takeshi, Soliman, Moetaza M., Ashcroft, Darren M., Watson, Kath D., Lunt, Mark, Symmons, Deborah, Hyrich, Kimme L., Atkinson, Francesca, Malik, Saadia, Heycock, Carol, Saravanan, Vadivelu, Rynne, Martin, Hamilton, Jennifer, Kelly, Clive, Burmester, Gerd, Kary, Sonja, Unnebrink, Kristina, Guérette, Benoit, Oezer, Uemit, Kupper, Hartmut, Dennison, Elaine, Jameson, Karen, Hyrich, Kimme, Watson, Kath, Landewe, Robert, Keystone, Edward, Smolen, Josef, Goldring, Mary, Patra, Kaushik, Cifaldi, Mary, van der Heijde, Désirée, Lloyd, Lois A., Owen, Catherine, Breslin, Anne, Ahmad, Yasmeen, Emery, Paul, Matteson, E. L., Genovese, M., Sague, S., Hsia, E. C., Doyle, M. K., Fan, H., Elashoff, M., Kirkham, Bruce, Wasco, M. C., Bathon, J., Fleischmann, R., Genovese, M. C., Liu, H., Goldman, J., Leirisalo-Repo, M., Zanetakis, E., El-Kadi, H., Kellner, H., Bolce, R., Wang, J., Dehoratius, R., Decktor, D., Kremer, J., Taylor, Peter, Mendelsohn, A., Baker, D., Kim, L., Ritchlin, C., Mariette, Xavier, Matucci Cerenic, Marco, Pavelka, Karel, van Vollenhoven, Ronald, Heatley, Rebecca, Walsh, Claire, Lawson, Richard, Reynolds, Alan, Iaremenko, Oleg, Mikitenko, Ganna, Kavanaugh, Arthur, Luijtens, Kristel, Curtis, Jeffrey, Schiff, Michael, Kvien, Tore, Khanna, Dinesh, Furst, Dan, Behrens, Frank, Koehm, Michaela, Scharbatke, Eva C., Kleinert, Stefan, Weyer, Gerd, Tony, Hans-Peter, Burkhardt, Harald, Blunn, Karina J., Williams, Richard B., Young, Adam, McDowell, Jackie, Weinblatt, Michael, Haraoui, Boulos, Mozaffarian, Neelufar, Khraishi, Majed, Alten, Rieke, Gomez-Reino, Juan, Rizzo, Warren, Schechtman, Joy, Kahan, Andre, Vernon, Emma, Taylor, Monet, Hogan, Vanessa, Holweg, Cecile, Kummerfeld, Sarah, Teng, Onno, Townsend, Michael, van Laar, Jacob M., Gullick, Nicola J., De Silva, Chulanie, Kirkham, Bruce W., Roy, Sanjoy, Emery, P., van der Heijde, D., Keystone, E., Conaghan, P. G., Xu, W., Baratelle, A., Beutler, A., Rahman, M. U., Nikiphorou, Elena, Kiely, Patrick, Walsh, David A., Williams, Richard, Shah, Devron, Knight, Gregory D., Hutchinson, David G., Dass, Shouvik, Atzeni, Fabiola, Vital, Edward M., Bingham, Sarah J., Buch, Maya, Beirne, Paul, Fleischmann, Roy, Dougados, Maxime, Williams, Sarah, Reynard, Mark, Blackler, Laura, Zain, Amir, Oakley, Stephen, Rees, Jonathon, Jones, Tim, Mistlin, Alan, Panayi, Gabriel, Westhovens, Rene, Durez, Patrick, Genant, Harry, Robles, Manuel, Becker, Jean-Claude, Covucci, Allison, Bathon, Joan, Genovese, Mark C., Luggen, Michael, Le Bars, Manuela, Aranda, Richard, Li, Tracy, Elegbe, Ayanbola, Fichtner, Andreas, Strand, Vibeke, Vencovsky, Jiri, Davies, Rebecca, Galloway, James, Hochberg, Marc, Kelly, Sheila, Khan, Nadar, Qi, Keqin, Pappu, Ramesh, Delaet, Ingrid, Luo, Allison, Torbeyns, Anne, Moreland, Larry, Cohen, Roger, Gujrathi, Sheila, Bykerk, Vivian P., Álvaro-Gracia, Jose, Andres Roman Ivorra, Jose, Nurmohamed, Michael T., Bernasconi, Corrado, Stancati, Andrea, Sibilia, Jean, Östör, Andrew, Strangfeld, Anja, Eveslage, Maria, Listing, Joachim, Herzer, Peter, Liebhaber, Anke, Krummel-Lorenz, Brigitte, Zink, Angela, Breedveld, Ferdinand C., Cohen, Stanley B., Matteson, Eric L., Burke, Laura, Chai, Akiko, Reiss, William, Sweetser, Marianne, Shaw, Tim, Ellis, Shawn D., Ehrenstein, Michael R., Notley, Clare A., Yazici, Yusuf, Ince, Akgun, Baraf, Herbert, Malamet, Raymond, Chung, Carol Y., Hughes, Chris, Faurholm, Bjarne, Dell'Accio, Francesco, Manzo, Antonio, Seed, Michael, Eltawil, Noha, Marrelli, Alessandra, Gould, David, Subang, Christina, Al-Kashi, Adam, De Bari, Cosimo, Winyard, Paul, Chernajovsky, Yuti, Nissim, Ahuva, Bingham, Clifton, Fleischmann, Roy M., Furst, Daniel E., Macey, Katherine M., Sweetser, Marianne T., Lehane, Patricia, Farmer, Pamela, Long, Simon G., Kremer, Joel M., Burgos-Vargas, Ruben, Dudler, Jean, Mela, Christopher M., Wegner, Natalia, Lugli, Helena, Quirke, Anne-Marie, Guo, Yonghua, Potempa, Jan, Venables, Patrick, Nishikawa, Masataka, Owaki, Hajime, Fuji, Takeshi, Soliman, Moetaza M., Ashcroft, Darren M., Watson, Kath D., Lunt, Mark, Symmons, Deborah, Hyrich, Kimme L., Atkinson, Francesca, Malik, Saadia, Heycock, Carol, Saravanan, Vadivelu, Rynne, Martin, Hamilton, Jennifer, Kelly, Clive, Burmester, Gerd, Kary, Sonja, Unnebrink, Kristina, Guérette, Benoit, Oezer, Uemit, Kupper, Hartmut, Dennison, Elaine, Jameson, Karen, Hyrich, Kimme, Watson, Kath, Landewe, Robert, Keystone, Edward, Smolen, Josef, Goldring, Mary, Patra, Kaushik, Cifaldi, Mary, van der Heijde, Désirée, Lloyd, Lois A., Owen, Catherine, Breslin, Anne, Ahmad, Yasmeen, Emery, Paul, Matteson, E. L., Genovese, M., Sague, S., Hsia, E. C., Doyle, M. K., Fan, H., Elashoff, M., Kirkham, Bruce, Wasco, M. C., Bathon, J., Fleischmann, R., Genovese, M. C., Liu, H., Goldman, J., Leirisalo-Repo, M., Zanetakis, E., El-Kadi, H., Kellner, H., Bolce, R., Wang, J., Dehoratius, R., Decktor, D., Kremer, J., Taylor, Peter, Mendelsohn, A., Baker, D., Kim, L., Ritchlin, C., Mariette, Xavier, Matucci Cerenic, Marco, Pavelka, Karel, van Vollenhoven, Ronald, Heatley, Rebecca, Walsh, Claire, Lawson, Richard, Reynolds, Alan, Iaremenko, Oleg, Mikitenko, Ganna, Kavanaugh, Arthur, Luijtens, Kristel, Curtis, Jeffrey, Schiff, Michael, Kvien, Tore, Khanna, Dinesh, Furst, Dan, Behrens, Frank, Koehm, Michaela, Scharbatke, Eva C., Kleinert, Stefan, Weyer, Gerd, Tony, Hans-Peter, Burkhardt, Harald, Blunn, Karina J., Williams, Richard B., Young, Adam, McDowell, Jackie, Weinblatt, Michael, Haraoui, Boulos, Mozaffarian, Neelufar, Khraishi, Majed, Alten, Rieke, Gomez-Reino, Juan, Rizzo, Warren, Schechtman, Joy, Kahan, Andre, Vernon, Emma, Taylor, Monet, Hogan, Vanessa, Holweg, Cecile, Kummerfeld, Sarah, Teng, Onno, Townsend, Michael, van Laar, Jacob M., Gullick, Nicola J., De Silva, Chulanie, Kirkham, Bruce W., Roy, Sanjoy, Emery, P., van der Heijde, D., Keystone, E., Conaghan, P. G., Xu, W., Baratelle, A., Beutler, A., Rahman, M. U., Nikiphorou, Elena, Kiely, Patrick, Walsh, David A., Williams, Richard, Shah, Devron, Knight, Gregory D., Hutchinson, David G., Dass, Shouvik, Atzeni, Fabiola, Vital, Edward M., Bingham, Sarah J., Buch, Maya, Beirne, Paul, Fleischmann, Roy, Dougados, Maxime, Williams, Sarah, Reynard, Mark, Blackler, Laura, Zain, Amir, Oakley, Stephen, Rees, Jonathon, Jones, Tim, Mistlin, Alan, Panayi, Gabriel, Westhovens, Rene, Durez, Patrick, Genant, Harry, Robles, Manuel, Becker, Jean-Claude, Covucci, Allison, Bathon, Joan, Genovese, Mark C., Luggen, Michael, Le Bars, Manuela, Aranda, Richard, Li, Tracy, Elegbe, Ayanbola, Fichtner, Andreas, Strand, Vibeke, Vencovsky, Jiri, Davies, Rebecca, Galloway, James, Hochberg, Marc, Kelly, Sheila, Khan, Nadar, Qi, Keqin, Pappu, Ramesh, Delaet, Ingrid, Luo, Allison, Torbeyns, Anne, Moreland, Larry, Cohen, Roger, Gujrathi, Sheila, Bykerk, Vivian P., Álvaro-Gracia, Jose, Andres Roman Ivorra, Jose, Nurmohamed, Michael T., Bernasconi, Corrado, Stancati, Andrea, Sibilia, Jean, Östör, Andrew, Strangfeld, Anja, Eveslage, Maria, Listing, Joachim, Herzer, Peter, Liebhaber, Anke, Krummel-Lorenz, Brigitte, Zink, Angela, Breedveld, Ferdinand C., Cohen, Stanley B., Matteson, Eric L., Burke, Laura, Chai, Akiko, Reiss, William, Sweetser, Marianne, Shaw, Tim, Ellis, Shawn D., Ehrenstein, Michael R., Notley, Clare A., Yazici, Yusuf, Ince, Akgun, Baraf, Herbert, Malamet, Raymond, Chung, Carol Y., Hughes, Chris, Faurholm, Bjarne, Dell'Accio, Francesco, Manzo, Antonio, Seed, Michael, Eltawil, Noha, Marrelli, Alessandra, Gould, David, Subang, Christina, Al-Kashi, Adam, De Bari, Cosimo, Winyard, Paul, Chernajovsky, Yuti, Nissim, Ahuva, Bingham, Clifton, Fleischmann, Roy M., Furst, Daniel E., Macey, Katherine M., Sweetser, Marianne T., Lehane, Patricia, Farmer, Pamela, Long, Simon G., Kremer, Joel M., Burgos-Vargas, Ruben, Dudler, Jean, Mela, Christopher M., Wegner, Natalia, Lugli, Helena, Quirke, Anne-Marie, Guo, Yonghua, Potempa, Jan, and Venables, Patrick

Abstract

Background: In Japan, more than 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients died of interstitial pneumonia (IP) caused by leflunomide (LEF) were reported, but many of them were considered as the victims of opportunistic infection currently. In this paper, efficacy and safety of low-dose LEF classified by body weight (BW) were studied. Methods: Fifty-nine RA patients were started to administrate LEF from July 2007 to July 2009. Among them, 25 patients were excluded because of the combination with tacrolimus, and medication modification within 3 months before LEF. Remaining 34 RA patients administered 20 to 50 mg/week of LEF were followed up for 1 year and enrolled in this study. Dose of LEF was classified by BW (50 mg/week for over 50 kg, 40 mg/week for 40 to 50 kg and 20 to 30 mg/week for under 40 kg). The average age and RA duration of enrolled patients were 55.5 years old and 10.2 years. Prednisolone (PSL), methotrexate (MTX) and etanercept were used in 23, 28 and 2 patients, respectively. In case of insufficient response or adverse effect, dosage change or discontinuance of LEF were considered. Failure was defined as dosages up of PSL and MTX, or dosages down or discontinuance of LEF. Last observation carried forward method was used for the evaluation of failed patients at 1 year. Results: At 1 year after LEF start, good/ moderate/ no response assessed by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria using Disease Activity Score, including a 28-joint count (DAS28)-C reactive protein (CRP) were showed in 14/ 10/ 10 patients, respectively. The dosage changes of LEF at 1 year were dosage up: 10, same dosage: 5, dosage down: 8 and discontinuance: 11 patients. The survival rate of patients in this study was 23.5% (24 patients failed) but actual LEF continuous rate was 67.6% (11 patients discontinued) at 1 year. The major reason of failure was liver dysfunction, and pneumocystis pneumonia was occurred in 1 patient resulted in full recovery. One patient die

Published
2017

26. Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars

Author

Stern, Jennifer C., Sutter, Brad, Freissinet, Caroline, Navarro-González, Rafael, McKay, Christopher P., Archer, P. Douglas, Buch, Arnaud, Brunner, Anna E., Coll, Patrice, Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., Fairen, Alberto G., Franz, Heather B., Glavin, Daniel P., Kashyap, Srishti, McAdam, Amy C., Ming, Douglas W., Steele, Andrew, Szopa, Cyril, Wray, James J., Martín-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Conrad, Pamela G., Mahaffy, Paul R., Kemppinen, Osku, Bridges, Nathan, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Minitti, Michelle, Cremers, David, Bell, James F., Edgar, Lauren, Farmer, Jack, Godber, Austin, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Wellington, Danika, McEwan, Ian, Newman, Claire, Richardson, Mark, Charpentier, Antoine, Peret, Laurent, King, Penelope, Blank, Jennifer, Weigle, Gerald, Schmidt, Mariek, Li, Shuai, Milliken, Ralph, Robertson, Kevin, Sun, Vivian, Baker, Michael, Edwards, Christopher, Ehlmann, Bethany, Farley, Kenneth, Griffes, Jennifer, Grotzinger, John, Miller, Hayden, Newcombe, Megan, Pilorget, Cedric, Rice, Melissa, Siebach, Kirsten, Stack, Katie, Stolper, Edward, Brunet, Claude, Hipkin, Victoria, Léveillé, Richard, Marchand, Geneviève, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, Favot, Laurent, Cody, George, Flückiger, Lorenzo, Lees, David, Nefian, Ara, Martin, Mildred, Gailhanou, Marc, Westall, Frances, Israël, Guy, Agard, Christophe, Baroukh, Julien, Donny, Christophe, Gaboriaud, Alain, Guillemot, Philippe, Lafaille, Vivian, Lorigny, Eric, Paillet, Alexis, Pérez, René, Saccoccio, Muriel, Yana, Charles, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Hettrich, Sebastian, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Martín-Soler, Javier, Torres, F. Javier Martín, Jurado, Antonio Molina, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, López, Sara Navarro, Peinado-González, Verónica, Pla-García, Jorge, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, Redondo, Josefina Torres, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, Chipera, Steve, Lacour, Jean-Luc, Mauchien, Patrick, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, Manning, Heidi, Fairén, Alberto, Hayes, Alexander, Joseph, Jonathan, Squyres, Steven, Sullivan, Robert, Thomas, Peter, Dupont, Audrey, Lundberg, Angela, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mezzacappa, Alissa, DeMarines, Julia, Grinspoon, David, Reitz, Günther, Prats, Benito, Atlaskin, Evgeny, Genzer, Maria, Harri, Ari-Matti, Haukka, Harri, Kahanpää, Henrik, Kauhanen, Janne, Paton, Mark, Polkko, Jouni, Schmidt, Walter, Siili, Tero, Fabre, Cécile, Wray, James, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, Poitrasson, Franck, Patel, Kiran, Gorevan, Stephen, Indyk, Stephen, Paulsen, Gale, Gupta, Sanjeev, Bish, David, Schieber, Juergen, Gondet, Brigitte, Langevin, Yves, Geffroy, Claude, Baratoux, David, Berger, Gilles, Cros, Alain, d’Uston, Claude, Forni, Olivier, Gasnault, Olivier, Lasue, Jérémie, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Maurice, Sylvestre, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Pallier, Etienne, Parot, Yann, Pinet, Patrick, Schröder, Susanne, Toplis, Mike, Lewin, Éric, Brunner, Will, Heydari, Ezat, Achilles, Cherie, Oehler, Dorothy, Cabane, Michel, Coscia, David, Dromart, Gilles, Robert, François, Sautter, Violaine, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Mangold, Nicolas, Nachon, Marion, Stalport, Fabien, François, Pascaline, Raulin, François, Teinturier, Samuel, Cameron, James, Clegg, Sam, Cousin, Agnès, DeLapp, Dorothea, Dingler, Robert, Jackson, Ryan Steele, Johnstone, Stephen, Lanza, Nina, Little, Cynthia, Nelson, Tony, Wiens, Roger C., Williams, Richard B., Jones, Andrea, Kirkland, Laurel, Treiman, Allan, Baker, Burt, Cantor, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael, Davis, Scott, Duston, Brian, Edgett, Kenneth, Fay, Donald, Hardgrove, Craig, Harker, David, Herrera, Paul, Jensen, Elsa, Kennedy, Megan R., Krezoski, Gillian, Krysak, Daniel, Lipkaman, Leslie, Malin, Michael, McCartney, Elaina, McNair, Sean, Nixon, Brian, Posiolova, Liliya, Ravine, Michael, Salamon, Andrew, Saper, Lee, Stoiber, Kevin, Supulver, Kimberley, Van Beek, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, Zimdar, Robert, French, Katherine Louise, Iagnemma, Karl, Miller, Kristen, Summons, Roger, Goesmann, Fred, Goetz, Walter, Hviid, Stubbe, Johnson, Micah, Lefavor, Matthew, Lyness, Eric, Breves, Elly, Dyar, M. Darby, Fassett, Caleb, Blake, David F., Bristow, Thomas, DesMarais, David, Edwards, Laurence, Haberle, Robert, Hoehler, Tori, Hollingsworth, Jeff, Kahre, Melinda, Keely, Leslie, McKay, Christopher, Bleacher, Lora, Brinckerhoff, William, Choi, David, Conrad, Pamela, Dworkin, Jason P., Eigenbrode, Jennifer, Floyd, Melissa, Garvin, James, Glavin, Daniel, Harpold, Daniel, Mahaffy, Paul, Martin, David K., McAdam, Amy, Pavlov, Alexander, Raaen, Eric, Smith, Michael D., Stern, Jennifer, Tan, Florence, Trainer, Melissa, Meyer, Michael, Posner, Arik, Voytek, Mary, Anderson, Robert C, Aubrey, Andrew, Beegle, Luther W., Behar, Alberto, Blaney, Diana, Brinza, David, Calef, Fred, Christensen, Lance, Crisp, Joy A., DeFlores, Lauren, Feldman, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Flesch, Gregory, Hurowitz, Joel, Jun, Insoo, Keymeulen, Didier, Maki, Justin, Mischna, Michael, Morookian, John Michael, Parker, Timothy, Pavri, Betina, Schoppers, Marcel, Sengstacken, Aaron, Simmonds, John J., Spanovich, Nicole, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, Vasavada, Ashwin R., Webster, Christopher R., Yen, Albert, Archer, Paul Douglas, Cucinotta, Francis, Jones, John H., Ming, Douglas, Morris, Richard V., Niles, Paul, Rampe, Elizabeth, Nolan, Thomas, Fisk, Martin, Radziemski, Leon, Barraclough, Bruce, Bender, Steve, Berman, Daniel, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, Tokar, Robert, Vaniman, David, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Yingst, Aileen, Lewis, Kevin, Leshin, Laurie, Cleghorn, Timothy, Huntress, Wesley, Manhès, Gérard, Hudgins, Judy, Olson, Timothy, Stewart, Noel, Sarrazin, Philippe, Grant, John, Vicenzi, Edward, Wilson, Sharon A., Bullock, Mark, Ehresmann, Bent, Hamilton, Victoria, Hassler, Donald, Peterson, Joseph, Rafkin, Scot, Zeitlin, Cary, Fedosov, Fedor, Golovin, Dmitry, Karpushkina, Natalya, Kozyrev, Alexander, Litvak, Maxim, Malakhov, Alexey, Mitrofanov, Igor, Mokrousov, Maxim, Nikiforov, Sergey, Prokhorov, Vasily, Sanin, Anton, Tretyakov, Vladislav, Varenikov, Alexey, Vostrukhin, Andrey, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Clark, Benton, Wolff, Michael, McLennan, Scott, Botta, Oliver, Drake, Darrell, Bean, Keri, Lemmon, Mark, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Anderson, Ryan B., Herkenhoff, Kenneth, Lee, Ella Mae, Sucharski, Robert, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, Ramos, Miguel, Kim, Myung-Hee, Malespin, Charles, Plante, Ianik, Muller, Jan-Peter, Ewing, Ryan, Boynton, William, Downs, Robert, Fitzgibbon, Mike, Harshman, Karl, Morrison, Shaunna, Dietrich, William, Kortmann, Onno, Palucis, Marisa, Sumner, Dawn Y., Williams, Amy, Lugmair, Günter, Wilson, Michael A., Rubin, David, Jakosky, Bruce, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, Frydenvang, Jens, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Kinch, Kjartan, Koefoed, Asmus, Madsen, Morten Bo, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, Boyd, Nick, Campbell, John L., Gellert, Ralf, Perrett, Glynis, Pradler, Irina, VanBommel, Scott, Jacob, Samantha, Owen, Tobias, Rowland, Scott, Savijärvi, Hannu, Boehm, Eckart, Böttcher, Stephan, Burmeister, Sönke, Guo, Jingnan, Köhler, Jan, García, César Martín, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, Bridges, John C., McConnochie, Timothy, Benna, Mehdi, Franz, Heather, Bower, Hannah, Brunner, Anna, Blau, Hannah, Boucher, Thomas, Carmosino, Marco, Atreya, Sushil, Elliott, Harvey, Halleaux, Douglas, Rennó, Nilton, Wong, Michael, Pepin, Robert, Elliott, Beverley, Spray, John, Thompson, Lucy, Gordon, Suzanne, Newsom, Horton, Ollila, Ann, Williams, Joshua, Vasconcelos, Paulo, Bentz, Jennifer, Nealson, Kenneth, Popa, Radu, Kah, Linda C., Moersch, Jeffrey, Tate, Christopher, Day, Mackenzie, Kocurek, Gary, Hallet, Bernard, Sletten, Ronald, Francis, Raymond, McCullough, Emily, Cloutis, Ed, ten Kate, Inge Loes, Arvidson, Raymond, Fraeman, Abigail, Scholes, Daniel, Slavney, Susan, Stein, Thomas, Ward, Jennifer, Berger, Jeffrey, Moores, John E., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios [Mexico], Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Centre de Recherche Public Henri Tudor [Technoport] (CRP Henri Tudor), Centre de Recherche Public Henri-Tudor [Luxembourg] (CRP Henri-Tudor), Department of Microbiology [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA-NASA, Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering [Luleå], Luleå University of Technology (LUT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Department of Microbiology, IMPEC - LATMOS, Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR)

Subjects
Martian, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water on Mars, nitrates, astrobiology, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Astrobiology, Curiosity, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, Sample Analysis at Mars, Physical Sciences, Aeolian processes, Composition of Mars, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Nitrogen cycle, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has detected oxidized nitrogen-bearing compounds during pyrolysis of scooped aeolian sediments and drilled sedimentary deposits within Gale crater. Total N concentrations ranged from 20 to 250 nmol N per sample. After subtraction of known N sources in SAM, our results support the equivalent of 110–300 ppm of nitrate in the Rocknest (RN) aeolian samples, and 70–260 and 330–1,100 ppm nitrate in John Klein (JK) and Cumberland (CB) mudstone deposits, respectively. Discovery of indigenous martian nitrogen in Mars surface materials has important implications for habitability and, specifically, for the potential evolution of a nitrogen cycle at some point in martian history. The detection of nitrate in both wind-drifted fines (RN) and in mudstone (JK, CB) is likely a result of N2 fixation to nitrate generated by thermal shock from impact or volcanic plume lightning on ancient Mars. Fixed nitrogen could have facilitated the development of a primitive nitrogen cycle on the surface of ancient Mars, potentially providing a biochemically accessible source of nitrogen.

Published
2015
Full Text
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27. Voices: Will Indian Education Be Left Behind?

Author

Williams, Richard B.

Abstract

Discusses the challenges associated with holding reservation schools accountable to the educational standards established in the 2001 "No Child Left Behind Act." Predicts that this educational initiative will widen the performance gap and hinder native schools' abilities to achieve educational parity with their non-native peers. (RC)

Published
2003

28. Freshen your practice--make house calls

Author

Williams, Richard B.

Subjects
Health care industry -- Services, Physicians -- Services, House calls (Medicine) -- Management
Abstract

When you see a patient in his own surroundings, you get to connect in a way that office visits don't permit, the author says. House call. The phrase harks back [...]

Published
1999

30. Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO₂ and H₂O of the martian atmosphere

Author

Webster, Chris R, Mahaffy, Paul R, Flesch, Gregory J, Niles, Paul B, Jones, John H, Leshin, Laurie A, Atreya, Sushil K, Stern, Jennifer C, Christensen, Lance E, Owen, Tobias, Franz, Heather, Pepin, Robert O, Steele, Andrew and the MSL Science Team, Achilles, Cherie, Agard, Christophe, Alves Verdasca, José Alexandre, Anderson, Robert, Anderson, Ryan, Archer, Doug, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, Arvidson, Ray, Atlaskin, Evgeny, Aubrey, Andrew, Baker, Burt, Baker, Michael, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, Baratoux, David, Baroukh, Julien, Barraclough, Bruce, Bean, Keri, Beegle, Luther, Behar, Alberto, Bell, James, Bender, Steve, Benna, Mehdi, Bentz, Jennifer, Berger, Gilles, Berger, Jeff, Berman, Daniel, Bish, David, Blake, David F, Blanco Avalos, Juan J, Blaney, Diana, Blank, Jen, Blau, Hannah, Bleacher, Lora, Boehm, Eckart, Botta, Oliver, Böttcher, Stephan, Boucher, Thomas, Bower, Hannah, Boyd, Nick, Boynton, Bill, Breves, Elly, Bridges, John, Bridges, Nathan, Brinckerhoff, William, Brinza, David, Bristow, Thomas, Brunet, Claude, Brunner, Anna, Brunner, Will, Buch, Arnaud, Bullock, Mark, Burmeister, Sönke, Cabane, Michel, Calef, Fred, Cameron, James, Campbell, John, Cantor, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael, Caride Rodríguez, Javier, Carmosino, Marco, Carrasco Blázquez, Isaías, Charpentier, Antoine, Chipera, Steve, Choi, David, Clark, Benton, Clegg, Sam, Cleghorn, Timothy, Cloutis, Ed, Cody, George, Coll, Patrice, Conrad, Pamela, Coscia, David, Cousin, Agnès, Cremers, David, Crisp, Joy, Cros, Alain, Cucinotta, Frank, d'Uston, Claude, Davis, Scott, Day, Mackenzie, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, DeFlores, Lauren, DeLapp, Dorothea, DeMarines, Julia, DesMarais, David, Dietrich, William, Dingler, Robert, Donny, Christophe, Downs, Bob, Drake, Darrell, Dromart, Gilles, Dupont, Audrey, Duston, Brian, Dworkin, Jason, Dyar, M Darby, Edgar, Lauren, Edgett, Kenneth, Edwards, Christopher, Edwards, Laurence, Ehlmann, Bethany, Ehresmann, Bent, Eigenbrode, Jen, Elliott, Beverley, Elliott, Harvey, Ewing, Ryan, Fabre, Cécile, Fairén, Alberto, Farley, Ken, Farmer, Jack, Fassett, Caleb, Favot, Laurent, Fay, Donald, Fedosov, Fedor, Feldman, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Fisk, Marty, Fitzgibbon, Mike, Floyd, Melissa, Flückiger, Lorenzo, Forni, Olivier, Fraeman, Abby, Francis, Raymond, François, Pascaline, Freissinet, Caroline, French, Katherine Louise, Frydenvang, Jens, Gaboriaud, Alain, Gailhanou, Marc, Garvin, James, Gasnault, Olivier, Geffroy, Claude, Gellert, Ralf, Genzer, Maria, Glavin, Daniel, Godber, Austin, Goesmann, Fred, Goetz, Walter, Golovin, Dmitry, Gómez Gómez, Felipe, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Gondet, Brigitte, Gordon, Suzanne, Gorevan, Stephen, Grant, John, Griffes, Jennifer, Grinspoon, David, Grotzinger, John, Guillemot, Philippe, Guo, Jingnan, Gupta, Sanjeev, Guzewich, Scott, Haberle, Robert, Halleaux, Douglas, Hallet, Bernard, Hamilton, Vicky, Hardgrove, Craig, Harker, David, Harpold, Daniel, Harri, Ari-Matti, Harshman, Karl, Hassler, Donald, Haukka, Harri, Hayes, Alex, Herkenhoff, Ken, Herrera, Paul, Hettrich, Sebastian, Heydari, Ezat, Hipkin, Victoria, Hoehler, Tori, Hollingsworth, Jeff, Hudgins, Judy, Huntress, Wesley, Hurowitz, Joel, Hviid, Stubbe, Iagnemma, Karl, Indyk, Steve, Israël, Guy, Jackson, Ryan, Jacob, Samantha, Jakosky, Bruce, Jensen, Elsa, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Johnson, Jeffrey, Johnson, Micah, Johnstone, Steve, Jones, Andrea, Joseph, Jonathan, Jun, Insoo, Kah, Linda, Kahanpää, Henrik, Kahre, Melinda, Karpushkina, Natalya, Kasprzak, Wayne, Kauhanen, Janne, Keely, Leslie, Kemppinen, Osku, Keymeulen, Didier, Kim, Myung-Hee, Kinch, Kjartan, King, Penny, Kirkland, Laurel, Kocurek, Gary, Koefoed, Asmus, Köhler, Jan, Kortmann, Onno, Kozyrev, Alexander, Krezoski, Jill, Krysak, Daniel, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Lacour, Jean Luc, Lafaille, Vivian, Langevin, Yves, Lanza, Nina, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Lee, Ella Mae, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Lees, David, Lefavor, Matthew, Lemmon, Mark, Lepinette Malvitte, Alain, Léveillé, Richard, Lewin-Carpintier, Éric, Lewis, Kevin, Li, Shuai, Lipkaman, Leslie, Little, Cynthia, Litvak, Maxim, Lorigny, Eric, Lugmair, Guenter, Lundberg, Angela, Lyness, Eric, Madsen, Morten, Maki, Justin, Malakhov, Alexey, Malespin, Charles, Malin, Michael, Mangold, Nicolas, Manhes, Gérard, Manning, Heidi, Marchand, Geneviève, Marín Jiménez, Mercedes, Martín García, César, Martin, Dave, Martin, Mildred, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Martín-Soler, Javier, Martín-Torres, F Javier, Mauchien, Patrick, Maurice, Sylvestre, McAdam, Amy, McCartney, Elaina, McConnochie, Timothy, McCullough, Emily, McEwan, Ian, McKay, Christopher, McLennan, Scott, McNair, Sean, Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Meyer, Michael, Mezzacappa, Alissa, Miller, Hayden, Miller, Kristen, Milliken, Ralph, Ming, Douglas, Minitti, Michelle, Mischna, Michael, Mitrofanov, Igor, Moersch, Jeff, Mokrousov, Maxim, Molina Jurado, Antonio, Moores, John, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Morookian, John Michael, Morris, Richard, Morrison, Shaunna, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, Muller, Jan-Peter, Muñoz Caro, Guillermo, Nachon, Marion, Navarro López, Sara, Navarro-González, Rafael, Nealson, Kenneth, Nefian, Ara, Nelson, Tony, Newcombe, Megan, Newman, Claire, Newsom, Horton, Nikiforov, Sergey, Nixon, Brian, Noe Dobrea, Eldar, Nolan, Thomas, Oehler, Dorothy, Ollila, Ann, Olson, Timothy, de Pablo Hernández, Miguel Ángel, Paillet, Alexis, Pallier, Etienne, Palucis, Marisa, Parker, Timothy, Parot, Yann, Patel, Kiran, Paton, Mark, Paulsen, Gale, Pavlov, Alex, Pavri, Betina, Peinado-González, Verónica, Peret, Laurent, Perez, Rene, Perrett, Glynis, Peterson, Joe, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Pla-García, Jorge, Plante, Ianik, Poitrasson, Franck, Polkko, Jouni, Popa, Radu, Posiolova, Liliya, Posner, Arik, Pradler, Irina, Prats, Benito, Prokhorov, Vasily, Purdy, Sharon Wilson, Raaen, Eric, Radziemski, Leon, Rafkin, Scot, Ramos, Miguel, Rampe, Elizabeth, Raulin, François, Ravine, Michael, Reitz, Günther, Rennó, Nilton, Rice, Melissa, Richardson, Mark, Robert, François, Robertson, Kevin, Rodriguez Manfredi, José Antonio, Romeral-Planelló, Julio J, Rowland, Scott, Rubin, David, Saccoccio, Muriel, Salamon, Andrew, Sandoval, Jennifer, Sanin, Anton, Sans Fuentes, Sara Alejandra, Saper, Lee, Sarrazin, Philippe, Sautter, Violaine, Savijärvi, Hannu, Schieber, Juergen, Schmidt, Mariek, Schmidt, Walter, Scholes, Daniel, Schoppers, Marcel, Schröder, Susanne, Schwenzer, Susanne, Sebastian Martinez, Eduardo, Sengstacken, Aaron, Shterts, Ruslan, Siebach, Kirsten, Siili, Tero, Simmonds, Jeff, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, Slavney, Susie, Sletten, Ronald, Smith, Michael, Sobrón Sánchez, Pablo, Spanovich, Nicole, Spray, John, Squyres, Steven, Stack, Katie, Stalport, Fabien, Stein, Thomas, Stewart, Noel, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, Stoiber, Kevin, Stolper, Ed, Sucharski, Bob, Sullivan, Rob, Summons, Roger, Sumner, Dawn, Sun, Vivian, Supulver, Kimberley, Sutter, Brad, Szopa, Cyril, Tan, Florence, Tate, Christopher, Teinturier, Samuel, ten Kate, Inge, Thomas, Peter, Thompson, Lucy, Tokar, Robert, Toplis, Mike, Torres Redondo, Josefina, Trainer, Melissa, Treiman, Allan, Tretyakov, Vladislav, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, Van Beek, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, VanBommel, Scott, Vaniman, David, Varenikov, Alexey, Vasavada, Ashwin, Vasconcelos, Paulo, Vicenzi, Edward, Vostrukhin, Andrey, Voytek, Mary, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Ward, Jennifer, Weigle, Eddie, Wellington, Danika, Westall, Frances, Wiens, Roger Craig, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, Williams, Amy, Williams, Joshua, Williams, Rebecca, Williams, Richard B, Wilson, Mike, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, Wolff, Mike, Wong, Mike, Wray, James, Wu, Megan, Yana, Charles, Yen, Albert, Yingst, Aileen, Zeitlin, Cary, Zimdar, Robert, and Zorzano Mier, María-Paz

Subjects
isotope ratios, MSL-Radiation, Mars
Published
2013

39. Mars’ Surface Radiation Environment Measured with the Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity Rover

Author

Hassler, Donald M., primary, Zeitlin, Cary, additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., additional, Ehresmann, Bent, additional, Rafkin, Scot, additional, Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., additional, Brinza, David E., additional, Weigle, Gerald, additional, Böttcher, Stephan, additional, Böhm, Eckart, additional, Burmeister, Soenke, additional, Guo, Jingnan, additional, Köhler, Jan, additional, Martin, Cesar, additional, Reitz, Guenther, additional, Cucinotta, Francis A., additional, Kim, Myung-Hee, additional, Grinspoon, David, additional, Bullock, Mark A., additional, Posner, Arik, additional, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Vasavada, Ashwin, additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Team, MSL Science, additional, Kemppinen, Osku, additional, Cremers, David, additional, Bell, James F., additional, Edgar, Lauren, additional, Farmer, Jack, additional, Godber, Austin, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Wellington, Danika, additional, McEwan, Ian, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Richardson, Mark, additional, Charpentier, Antoine, additional, Peret, Laurent, additional, King, Penelope, additional, Blank, Jennifer, additional, Schmidt, Mariek, additional, Li, Shuai, additional, Milliken, Ralph, additional, Robertson, Kevin, additional, Sun, Vivian, additional, Baker, Michael, additional, Edwards, Christopher, additional, Ehlmann, Bethany, additional, Farley, Kenneth, additional, Griffes, Jennifer, additional, Miller, Hayden, additional, Newcombe, Megan, additional, Pilorget, Cedric, additional, Rice, Melissa, additional, Siebach, Kirsten, additional, Stack, Katie, additional, Stolper, Edward, additional, Brunet, Claude, additional, Hipkin, Victoria, additional, Léveillé, Richard, additional, Marchand, Geneviève, additional, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, additional, Favot, Laurent, additional, Cody, George, additional, Steele, Andrew, additional, Flückiger, Lorenzo, additional, Lees, David, additional, Nefian, Ara, additional, Martin, Mildred, additional, Gailhanou, Marc, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Israël, Guy, additional, Agard, Christophe, additional, Baroukh, Julien, additional, Donny, Christophe, additional, Gaboriaud, Alain, additional, Guillemot, Philippe, additional, Lafaille, Vivian, additional, Lorigny, Eric, additional, Paillet, Alexis, additional, Pérez, René, additional, Saccoccio, Muriel, additional, Yana, Charles, additional, Armiens‐Aparicio, Carlos, additional, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, additional, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, additional, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, additional, Hettrich, Sebastian, additional, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, additional, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, additional, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, additional, Martín-Soler, Javier, additional, Martín-Torres, F. Javier, additional, Jurado, Antonio Molina, additional, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, additional, López, Sara Navarro, additional, Peinado-González, Verónica, additional, Pla-García, Jorge, additional, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, additional, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, additional, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, additional, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, additional, Redondo, Josefina Torres, additional, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, additional, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, additional, Chipera, Steve, additional, Lacour, Jean-Luc, additional, Mauchien, Patrick, additional, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Manning, Heidi, additional, Fairén, Alberto, additional, Hayes, Alexander, additional, Joseph, Jonathan, additional, Squyres, Steven, additional, Sullivan, Robert, additional, Thomas, Peter, additional, Dupont, Audrey, additional, Lundberg, Angela, additional, Melikechi, Noureddine, additional, Mezzacappa, Alissa, additional, Berger, Thomas, additional, Matthia, Daniel, additional, Prats, Benito, additional, Atlaskin, Evgeny, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Haukka, Harri, additional, Kahanpää, Henrik, additional, Kauhanen, Janne, additional, Paton, Mark, additional, Polkko, Jouni, additional, Schmidt, Walter, additional, Siili, Tero, additional, Fabre, Cécile, additional, Wray, James, additional, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, additional, Poitrasson, Franck, additional, Patel, Kiran, additional, Gorevan, Stephen, additional, Indyk, Stephen, additional, Paulsen, Gale, additional, Gupta, Sanjeev, additional, Bish, David, additional, Schieber, Juergen, additional, Gondet, Brigitte, additional, Langevin, Yves, additional, Geffroy, Claude, additional, Baratoux, David, additional, Berger, Gilles, additional, Cros, Alain, additional, d’Uston, Claude, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Lee, Qiu-Mei, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Pallier, Etienne, additional, Parot, Yann, additional, Pinet, Patrick, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Toplis, Mike, additional, Lewin, Éric, additional, Brunner, Will, additional, Heydari, Ezat, additional, Achilles, Cherie, additional, Oehler, Dorothy, additional, Sutter, Brad, additional, Cabane, Michel, additional, Coscia, David, additional, Szopa, Cyril, additional, Dromart, Gilles, additional, Robert, François, additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Nachon, Marion, additional, Buch, Arnaud, additional, Stalport, Fabien, additional, Coll, Patrice, additional, François, Pascaline, additional, Raulin, François, additional, Teinturier, Samuel, additional, Cameron, James, additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Cousin, Agnès, additional, DeLapp, Dorothea, additional, Dingler, Robert, additional, Jackson, Ryan Steele, additional, Johnstone, Stephen, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Little, Cynthia, additional, Nelson, Tony, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Williams, Richard B., additional, Jones, Andrea, additional, Kirkland, Laurel, additional, Treiman, Allan, additional, Baker, Burt, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Caplinger, Michael, additional, Davis, Scott, additional, Duston, Brian, additional, Edgett, Kenneth, additional, Fay, Donald, additional, Hardgrove, Craig, additional, Harker, David, additional, Herrera, Paul, additional, Jensen, Elsa, additional, Kennedy, Megan R., additional, Krezoski, Gillian, additional, Krysak, Daniel, additional, Lipkaman, Leslie, additional, Malin, Michael, additional, McCartney, Elaina, additional, McNair, Sean, additional, Nixon, Brian, additional, Posiolova, Liliya, additional, Ravine, Michael, additional, Salamon, Andrew, additional, Saper, Lee, additional, Stoiber, Kevin, additional, Supulver, Kimberley, additional, Van Beek, Jason, additional, Van Beek, Tessa, additional, Zimdar, Robert, additional, French, Katherine Louise, additional, Iagnemma, Karl, additional, Miller, Kristen, additional, Summons, Roger, additional, Goesmann, Fred, additional, Goetz, Walter, additional, Hviid, Stubbe, additional, Johnson, Micah, additional, Lefavor, Matthew, additional, Lyness, Eric, additional, Breves, Elly, additional, Dyar, M. Darby, additional, Fassett, Caleb, additional, Blake, David F., additional, Bristow, Thomas, additional, DesMarais, David, additional, Edwards, Laurence, additional, Haberle, Robert, additional, Hoehler, Tori, additional, Hollingsworth, Jeff, additional, Kahre, Melinda, additional, Keely, Leslie, additional, McKay, Christopher, additional, Bleacher, Lora, additional, Brinckerhoff, William, additional, Choi, David, additional, Conrad, Pamela, additional, Dworkin, Jason P., additional, Floyd, Melissa, additional, Freissinet, Caroline, additional, Garvin, James, additional, Glavin, Daniel, additional, Harpold, Daniel, additional, Mahaffy, Paul, additional, Martin, David K., additional, McAdam, Amy, additional, Pavlov, Alexander, additional, Raaen, Eric, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Stern, Jennifer, additional, Tan, Florence, additional, Trainer, Melissa, additional, Meyer, Michael, additional, Voytek, Mary, additional, Anderson, Robert C., additional, Aubrey, Andrew, additional, Beegle, Luther W., additional, Behar, Alberto, additional, Blaney, Diana, additional, Calef, Fred, additional, Christensen, Lance, additional, Crisp, Joy A., additional, DeFlores, Lauren, additional, Feldman, Jason, additional, Feldman, Sabrina, additional, Flesch, Gregory, additional, Hurowitz, Joel, additional, Jun, Insoo, additional, Keymeulen, Didier, additional, Maki, Justin, additional, Mischna, Michael, additional, Morookian, John Michael, additional, Parker, Timothy, additional, Pavri, Betina, additional, Schoppers, Marcel, additional, Sengstacken, Aaron, additional, Simmonds, John J., additional, Spanovich, Nicole, additional, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, additional, Webster, Christopher R., additional, Yen, Albert, additional, Archer, Paul Douglas, additional, Jones, John H., additional, Ming, Douglas, additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Niles, Paul, additional, Rampe, Elizabeth, additional, Nolan, Thomas, additional, Fisk, Martin, additional, Radziemski, Leon, additional, Barraclough, Bruce, additional, Bender, Steve, additional, Berman, Daniel, additional, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, additional, Tokar, Robert, additional, Vaniman, David, additional, Williams, Rebecca M. E., additional, Yingst, Aileen, additional, Lewis, Kevin, additional, Leshin, Laurie, additional, Cleghorn, Timothy, additional, Huntress, Wesley, additional, Manhès, Gérard, additional, Hudgins, Judy, additional, Olson, Timothy, additional, Stewart, Noel, additional, Sarrazin, Philippe, additional, Grant, John, additional, Vicenzi, Edward, additional, Wilson, Sharon A., additional, Hamilton, Victoria, additional, Peterson, Joseph, additional, Fedosov, Fedor, additional, Golovin, Dmitry, additional, Karpushkina, Natalya, additional, Kozyrev, Alexander, additional, Litvak, Maxim, additional, Malakhov, Alexey, additional, Mitrofanov, Igor, additional, Mokrousov, Maxim, additional, Nikiforov, Sergey, additional, Prokhorov, Vasily, additional, Sanin, Anton, additional, Tretyakov, Vladislav, additional, Varenikov, Alexey, additional, Vostrukhin, Andrey, additional, Kuzmin, Ruslan, additional, Clark, Benton, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, McLennan, Scott, additional, Botta, Oliver, additional, Drake, Darrell, additional, Bean, Keri, additional, Lemmon, Mark, additional, Schwenzer, Susanne P., additional, Anderson, Ryan B., additional, Herkenhoff, Kenneth, additional, Lee, Ella Mae, additional, Sucharski, Robert, additional, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, additional, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Malespin, Charles, additional, Plante, Ianik, additional, Muller, Jan-Peter, additional, Navarro-González, Rafael, additional, Ewing, Ryan, additional, Boynton, William, additional, Downs, Robert, additional, Fitzgibbon, Mike, additional, Harshman, Karl, additional, Morrison, Shaunna, additional, Dietrich, William, additional, Kortmann, Onno, additional, Palucis, Marisa, additional, Sumner, Dawn Y., additional, Williams, Amy, additional, Lugmair, Günter, additional, Wilson, Michael A., additional, Rubin, David, additional, Jakosky, Bruce, additional, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, additional, Kinch, Kjartan, additional, Koefoed, Asmus, additional, Madsen, Morten Bo, additional, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, additional, Boyd, Nick, additional, Campbell, John L., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Perrett, Glynis, additional, Pradler, Irina, additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Jacob, Samantha, additional, Owen, Tobias, additional, Rowland, Scott, additional, Savijärvi, Hannu, additional, García, César Martín, additional, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, McConnochie, Timothy, additional, Benna, Mehdi, additional, Franz, Heather, additional, Bower, Hannah, additional, Brunner, Anna, additional, Blau, Hannah, additional, Boucher, Thomas, additional, Carmosino, Marco, additional, Atreya, Sushil, additional, Elliott, Harvey, additional, Halleaux, Douglas, additional, Rennó, Nilton, additional, Wong, Michael, additional, Pepin, Robert, additional, Elliott, Beverley, additional, Spray, John, additional, Thompson, Lucy, additional, Gordon, Suzanne, additional, Newsom, Horton, additional, Ollila, Ann, additional, Williams, Joshua, additional, Vasconcelos, Paulo, additional, Bentz, Jennifer, additional, Nealson, Kenneth, additional, Popa, Radu, additional, Kah, Linda C., additional, Moersch, Jeffrey, additional, Tate, Christopher, additional, Day, Mackenzie, additional, Kocurek, Gary, additional, Hallet, Bernard, additional, Sletten, Ronald, additional, Francis, Raymond, additional, McCullough, Emily, additional, Cloutis, Ed, additional, ten Kate, Inge Loes, additional, Arvidson, Raymond, additional, Fraeman, Abigail, additional, Scholes, Daniel, additional, Slavney, Susan, additional, Stein, Thomas, additional, Ward, Jennifer, additional, Berger, Jeffrey, additional, and Moores, John E., additional

Published
2014
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40. A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Grotzinger, J. P., primary, Sumner, D. Y., additional, Kah, L. C., additional, Stack, K., additional, Gupta, S., additional, Edgar, L., additional, Rubin, D., additional, Lewis, K., additional, Schieber, J., additional, Mangold, N., additional, Milliken, R., additional, Conrad, P. G., additional, DesMarais, D., additional, Farmer, J., additional, Siebach, K., additional, Calef, F., additional, Hurowitz, J., additional, McLennan, S. M., additional, Ming, D., additional, Vaniman, D., additional, Crisp, J., additional, Vasavada, A., additional, Edgett, K. S., additional, Malin, M., additional, Blake, D., additional, Gellert, R., additional, Mahaffy, P., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Maurice, S., additional, Grant, J. A., additional, Wilson, S., additional, Anderson, R. C., additional, Beegle, L., additional, Arvidson, R., additional, Hallet, B., additional, Sletten, R. S., additional, Rice, M., additional, Bell, J., additional, Griffes, J., additional, Ehlmann, B., additional, Anderson, R. B., additional, Bristow, T. F., additional, Dietrich, W. E., additional, Dromart, G., additional, Eigenbrode, J., additional, Fraeman, A., additional, Hardgrove, C., additional, Herkenhoff, K., additional, Jandura, L., additional, Kocurek, G., additional, Lee, S., additional, Leshin, L. A., additional, Leveille, R., additional, Limonadi, D., additional, Maki, J., additional, McCloskey, S., additional, Meyer, M., additional, Minitti, M., additional, Newsom, H., additional, Oehler, D., additional, Okon, A., additional, Palucis, M., additional, Parker, T., additional, Rowland, S., additional, Schmidt, M., additional, Squyres, S., additional, Steele, A., additional, Stolper, E., additional, Summons, R., additional, Treiman, A., additional, Williams, R., additional, Yingst, A., additional, Team, MSL Science, additional, Kemppinen, Osku, additional, Bridges, Nathan, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Cremers, David, additional, Godber, Austin, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Wellington, Danika, additional, McEwan, Ian, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Richardson, Mark, additional, Charpentier, Antoine, additional, Peret, Laurent, additional, King, Penelope, additional, Blank, Jennifer, additional, Weigle, Gerald, additional, Li, Shuai, additional, Robertson, Kevin, additional, Sun, Vivian, additional, Baker, Michael, additional, Edwards, Christopher, additional, Farley, Kenneth, additional, Miller, Hayden, additional, Newcombe, Megan, additional, Pilorget, Cedric, additional, Brunet, Claude, additional, Hipkin, Victoria, additional, Léveillé, Richard, additional, Marchand, Geneviève, additional, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, additional, Favot, Laurent, additional, Cody, George, additional, Flückiger, Lorenzo, additional, Lees, David, additional, Nefian, Ara, additional, Martin, Mildred, additional, Gailhanou, Marc, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Israël, Guy, additional, Agard, Christophe, additional, Baroukh, Julien, additional, Donny, Christophe, additional, Gaboriaud, Alain, additional, Guillemot, Philippe, additional, Lafaille, Vivian, additional, Lorigny, Eric, additional, Paillet, Alexis, additional, Pérez, René, additional, Saccoccio, Muriel, additional, Yana, Charles, additional, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, additional, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, additional, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, additional, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, additional, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Hettrich, Sebastian, additional, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, additional, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, additional, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, additional, Martín-Soler, Javier, additional, Martín-Torres, F. Javier, additional, Jurado, Antonio Molina, additional, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, additional, López, Sara Navarro, additional, Peinado-González, Verónica, additional, Pla-García, Jorge, additional, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, additional, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, additional, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, additional, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, additional, Redondo, Josefina Torres, additional, Urqui-O’Callaghan, Roser, additional, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, additional, Chipera, Steve, additional, Lacour, Jean-Luc, additional, Mauchien, Patrick, additional, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Manning, Heidi, additional, Fairén, Alberto, additional, Hayes, Alexander, additional, Joseph, Jonathan, additional, Sullivan, Robert, additional, Thomas, Peter, additional, Dupont, Audrey, additional, Lundberg, Angela, additional, Melikechi, Noureddine, additional, Mezzacappa, Alissa, additional, DeMarines, Julia, additional, Grinspoon, David, additional, Reitz, Günther, additional, Prats, Benito, additional, Atlaskin, Evgeny, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Haukka, Harri, additional, Kahanpää, Henrik, additional, Kauhanen, Janne, additional, Paton, Mark, additional, Polkko, Jouni, additional, Schmidt, Walter, additional, Siili, Tero, additional, Fabre, Cécile, additional, Wray, James, additional, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, additional, Poitrasson, Franck, additional, Patel, Kiran, additional, Gorevan, Stephen, additional, Indyk, Stephen, additional, Paulsen, Gale, additional, Bish, David, additional, Gondet, Brigitte, additional, Langevin, Yves, additional, Geffroy, Claude, additional, Baratoux, David, additional, Berger, Gilles, additional, Cros, Alain, additional, d’Uston, Claude, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Lee, Qiu-Mei, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Pallier, Etienne, additional, Parot, Yann, additional, Pinet, Patrick, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Toplis, Mike, additional, Lewin, Éric, additional, Brunner, Will, additional, Heydari, Ezat, additional, Achilles, Cherie, additional, Sutter, Brad, additional, Cabane, Michel, additional, Coscia, David, additional, Szopa, Cyril, additional, Robert, François, additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Nachon, Marion, additional, Buch, Arnaud, additional, Stalport, Fabien, additional, Coll, Patrice, additional, François, Pascaline, additional, Raulin, François, additional, Teinturier, Samuel, additional, Cameron, James, additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Cousin, Agnès, additional, DeLapp, Dorothea, additional, Dingler, Robert, additional, Jackson, Ryan Steele, additional, Johnstone, Stephen, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Little, Cynthia, additional, Nelson, Tony, additional, Williams, Richard B., additional, Jones, Andrea, additional, Kirkland, Laurel, additional, Baker, Burt, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Caplinger, Michael, additional, Davis, Scott, additional, Duston, Brian, additional, Fay, Donald, additional, Harker, David, additional, Herrera, Paul, additional, Jensen, Elsa, additional, Kennedy, Megan R., additional, Krezoski, Gillian, additional, Krysak, Daniel, additional, Lipkaman, Leslie, additional, McCartney, Elaina, additional, McNair, Sean, additional, Nixon, Brian, additional, Posiolova, Liliya, additional, Ravine, Michael, additional, Salamon, Andrew, additional, Saper, Lee, additional, Stoiber, Kevin, additional, Supulver, Kimberley, additional, Van Beek, Jason, additional, Van Beek, Tessa, additional, Zimdar, Robert, additional, French, Katherine Louise, additional, Iagnemma, Karl, additional, Miller, Kristen, additional, Goesmann, Fred, additional, Goetz, Walter, additional, Hviid, Stubbe, additional, Johnson, Micah, additional, Lefavor, Matthew, additional, Lyness, Eric, additional, Breves, Elly, additional, Dyar, M. Darby, additional, Fassett, Caleb, additional, Edwards, Laurence, additional, Haberle, Robert, additional, Hoehler, Tori, additional, Hollingsworth, Jeff, additional, Kahre, Melinda, additional, Keely, Leslie, additional, McKay, Christopher, additional, Bleacher, Lora, additional, Brinckerhoff, William, additional, Choi, David, additional, Dworkin, Jason P., additional, Floyd, Melissa, additional, Freissinet, Caroline, additional, Garvin, James, additional, Glavin, Daniel, additional, Harpold, Daniel, additional, Martin, David K., additional, McAdam, Amy, additional, Pavlov, Alexander, additional, Raaen, Eric, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Stern, Jennifer, additional, Tan, Florence, additional, Trainer, Melissa, additional, Posner, Arik, additional, Voytek, Mary, additional, Aubrey, Andrew, additional, Behar, Alberto, additional, Blaney, Diana, additional, Brinza, David, additional, Christensen, Lance, additional, DeFlores, Lauren, additional, Feldman, Jason, additional, Feldman, Sabrina, additional, Flesch, Gregory, additional, Jun, Insoo, additional, Keymeulen, Didier, additional, Mischna, Michael, additional, Morookian, John Michael, additional, Pavri, Betina, additional, Schoppers, Marcel, additional, Sengstacken, Aaron, additional, Simmonds, John J., additional, Spanovich, Nicole, additional, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, additional, Webster, Christopher R., additional, Yen, Albert, additional, Archer, Paul Douglas, additional, Cucinotta, Francis, additional, Jones, John H., additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Niles, Paul, additional, Rampe, Elizabeth, additional, Nolan, Thomas, additional, Fisk, Martin, additional, Radziemski, Leon, additional, Barraclough, Bruce, additional, Bender, Steve, additional, Berman, Daniel, additional, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, additional, Tokar, Robert, additional, Cleghorn, Timothy, additional, Huntress, Wesley, additional, Manhès, Gérard, additional, Hudgins, Judy, additional, Olson, Timothy, additional, Stewart, Noel, additional, Sarrazin, Philippe, additional, Vicenzi, Edward, additional, Bullock, Mark, additional, Ehresmann, Bent, additional, Hamilton, Victoria, additional, Hassler, Donald, additional, Peterson, Joseph, additional, Rafkin, Scot, additional, Zeitlin, Cary, additional, Fedosov, Fedor, additional, Golovin, Dmitry, additional, Karpushkina, Natalya, additional, Kozyrev, Alexander, additional, Litvak, Maxim, additional, Malakhov, Alexey, additional, Mitrofanov, Igor, additional, Mokrousov, Maxim, additional, Nikiforov, Sergey, additional, Prokhorov, Vasily, additional, Sanin, Anton, additional, Tretyakov, Vladislav, additional, Varenikov, Alexey, additional, Vostrukhin, Andrey, additional, Kuzmin, Ruslan, additional, Clark, Benton, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Botta, Oliver, additional, Drake, Darrell, additional, Bean, Keri, additional, Lemmon, Mark, additional, Schwenzer, Susanne P., additional, Lee, Ella Mae, additional, Sucharski, Robert, additional, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, additional, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Kim, Myung-Hee, additional, Malespin, Charles, additional, Plante, Ianik, additional, Muller, Jan-Peter, additional, Navarro-González, Rafael, additional, Ewing, Ryan, additional, Boynton, William, additional, Downs, Robert, additional, Fitzgibbon, Mike, additional, Harshman, Karl, additional, Morrison, Shaunna, additional, Kortmann, Onno, additional, Williams, Amy, additional, Lugmair, Günter, additional, Wilson, Michael A., additional, Jakosky, Bruce, additional, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, additional, Kinch, Kjartan, additional, Koefoed, Asmus, additional, Madsen, Morten Bo, additional, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, additional, Boyd, Nick, additional, Campbell, John L., additional, Perrett, Glynis, additional, Pradler, Irina, additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Jacob, Samantha, additional, Owen, Tobias, additional, Savijärvi, Hannu, additional, Boehm, Eckart, additional, Böttcher, Stephan, additional, Burmeister, Sönke, additional, Guo, Jingnan, additional, Köhler, Jan, additional, García, César Martín, additional, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, McConnochie, Timothy, additional, Benna, Mehdi, additional, Franz, Heather, additional, Bower, Hannah, additional, Brunner, Anna, additional, Blau, Hannah, additional, Boucher, Thomas, additional, Carmosino, Marco, additional, Atreya, Sushil, additional, Elliott, Harvey, additional, Halleaux, Douglas, additional, Rennó, Nilton, additional, Wong, Michael, additional, Pepin, Robert, additional, Elliott, Beverley, additional, Spray, John, additional, Thompson, Lucy, additional, Gordon, Suzanne, additional, Ollila, Ann, additional, Williams, Joshua, additional, Vasconcelos, Paulo, additional, Bentz, Jennifer, additional, Nealson, Kenneth, additional, Popa, Radu, additional, Moersch, Jeffrey, additional, Tate, Christopher, additional, Day, Mackenzie, additional, Francis, Raymond, additional, McCullough, Emily, additional, Cloutis, Ed, additional, ten Kate, Inge Loes, additional, Scholes, Daniel, additional, Slavney, Susan, additional, Stein, Thomas, additional, Ward, Jennifer, additional, Berger, Jeffrey, additional, and Moores, John E., additional

Published
2014
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42. Adaptive multigroup radiation diffusion

Author

Kim Molvig., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Nuclear Engineering., Williams, Richard B., Sc. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Kim Molvig., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Nuclear Engineering., and Williams, Richard B., Sc. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Abstract

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2005., Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-193)., This thesis describes the development and implementation of an algorithm for dramatically increasing the accuracy and reliability of multigroup radiation diffusion simulations at low group counts. This is achieved by allowing the energy group boundaries to move in energy space as the simulation evolves. This adaption in energy space effectively removes the sensitivity of multigroup diffusion to group boundary placement and makes the technique a viable option for large, computationally expensive computer simulations. Traditional multigroup radiation diffusion solvers break down at small group counts because of the coarse discretization of highly nonlinear material opacity. Small changes in the group boundary energies can lead to wildly different mean opacities and therefore significant changes in simulation output. This sensitivity has rendered the technique unpredictable and it is generally considered to be not worth the added computational expense. Unfortunately, multigroup diffusion is the only method available for adding frequency dependence to the radiation field in a standard diffusion solver. When attempting to model a system that includes a non-equilibrium radiation field, frequency-dependent effects become important., (cont.) While running multigroup simulations with large numbers of groups is a reliable method for obtaining increased accuracy over grey diffusion, the computational expense scales linearly with the number of groups. For large simulations, running multigroup diffusion with increased group counts is infeasible and running with small group counts is unreliable. This has led to a tendency to use grey diffusion even in environments where the radiation field is known to be out of equilibrium with the material. This thesis includes a new derivation of the diffusion equation and an overview of traditional "static" multigroup radiation diffusion along with an analysis of its shortcomings. The sensitivity due to group boundary placement for small numbers of groups is shown. Data are presented which demonstrate that small group count multigroup calculations can actually provide a worse answer than grey diffusion. A system is developed and implemented for allowing the multigroup energy boundaries to "adapt," or move in energy space, as the simulation evolves as well as a method for determining where increased energy resolution is needed for an arbitrary set of material opacities. By adapting in energy space, the sensitivity of multigroup diffusion to group boundary placement is ameliorated., (cont.) Data are presented that demonstrate a reliable increase in accuracy for adaptive multigroup diffusion as the number of groups is increased-even at very small group counts. Furthermore, the data show that the level of accuracy obtained with the adaptive multigroup approach is equivalent to or better than the best-case data obtained with the static multigroup approach. This result is more profound than a simple increase in accuracy-the increased reliability makes multigroup radiation diffusion a viable tool for large non-equilibrium simulations. Users are no longer forced to use the grey diffusion method which is known to be physically inadequate. Furthermore, users are finally free to incorporate a frequency-dependent treatment of radiation without the accuracy ambiguities of standard multigroup diffusion., by Richard B. Williams., Sc.D.

Published
2006

48. Tribal colleges: the model for cultural- and community-based education reform

Author

Williams, Richard B.

Subjects
Educational reform -- Models -- Social aspects, Tribal colleges -- Evaluation -- Social aspects -- Models, Native Americans -- Education -- Social aspects -- Models, Education, Ethnic, cultural, racial issues/studies, Evaluation, Social aspects, Models
Abstract

Secretary of Education Margaret Spelling's Commission's report, 'A Test of Leadership: Charting the Future of U.S. Higher Education' denotes much-needed reforms in higher education. The report, which emphasizes that all [...]

Published
2007

49. A neutron diffraction study of six M2O.M'2O.5B2O3 mixed-modifier di-pentaborate glasses.

Author

Wright, Adrian C., Sinclair, Roger N., Stone, Cora E., Shaw, Joanna L., Feller, Steven A., Williams, Richard B., and Fischer, Henry E.

Subjects
BORATE glass, NEUTRON diffraction, ELECTRIC conductivity
Abstract

Twin-axis neutron diffraction experiments have been performed to study structural aspects of the mixed-modifier effect for six ternary di-pentaborate glasses of composition M2O.M'2O.5B2O3 (M/M'=Li/Na, Li/Rb, Na/K, Na/Rb, Na/Cs, and Na/Ag). In reciprocal space, the method of additivity is employed to deduce information concerning the thickness/ size of the network cages containing the network-modifying cations, and the zero-Q limit of the diffraction pattern, I(0), to investigate the extent of the nanoheterogeneity in the glasses. The fraction of 4-fold co-ordinated boron atoms, x4, is obtained from the area under the first (B-O) peak in the real-space total correlation function, T(r) and, with the exception of vitreous Na2O.Cs2O.5B2O3 and Na2O.Ag2O.5B2O3, no evidence is found to indicate the presence of a significant fraction of non-bridging oxygen atoms. An interpretation of the neutron diffraction data, in terms of a thermodynamically-based structural model for the network-modifying cation conductivity and mixed modifier effect in borate glasses, is presented in an accompanying paper (pp. 98-107). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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50. Development of a Liquid Scintillator Neutron Multiplicity Counter (LSMC)

Author

Stange, Sy, primary, Karpius, Peter J., additional, Frame, Katherine C., additional, Clay, William A., additional, Elmont, Timothy E., additional, Esch, Ernst-Ingo, additional, Johansen, Norman A., additional, MacArthur, Duncan W., additional, McKigney, Edward A., additional, Smith, Morag K., additional, Thron, Jonathan L., additional, and Williams, Richard B., additional

Published
2006
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