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1. Folate and Vitamin B12 Status among Non-Pregnant, Non-Lactating Women of Reproductive Age and Predicted Risk for Neural Tube Defects, Morogoro Region, Tanzania

Author

Mai, Cara T., Long, Kaitlyn, Lukindo, Tedson, Jabbar, Shameem, Gwakisa, John, Rosenthal, Jorge, Zhang, Mindy, Yeung, Lorraine F., Fothergill, Amy, Wang, Arick, Azizi, Kaunara, Chilumba, Dorah, Williams, Jennifer L., Pfeiffer, Christine M., Caruso, Elise, Leyna, Germana H., and Kishimba, Rogath

Published
2025
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6. National and regional population attributable fractions for anemia risk factors (iron, folate, and vitamin B12) in Belize: potential impact of fortification/ Fracciones atribuibles poblacionales nacionales y regionales de factores de riesgo de anemia (hierro, folato y vitamina [B.sub.12]) en Belice: posible impacto del enriquecimiento de los alimentos con suplementos/ Fracoes atribuiveis populacionais nacionais e regionais de fatores de risco para anemia (ferro, acido folico e vitamina B12) em Belize: potencial impacto da fortificacao

Author

Rosenthal, Jorge, Alverson, Clinton J., Largaespada-Beer, Natalia, Kauwell, Gail P.A., Bailey, Lynn B., Sabido, Julio J., Diaz, Melissa, Williams, Jennifer L., and Bernard, Kevin

Published
2024
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8. Estimating the serum folate concentration that corresponds to the red blood cell folate concentration threshold associated with optimal neural tube defects prevention: A population-based biomarker survey in Southern India

Author

Fothergill, Amy, Crider, Krista S., Rose, Charles E., Bose, Beena, Guetterman, Heather M., Johnson, Christina B., Jabbar, Shameem, Zhang, Mindy, Pfeiffer, Christine M., Qi, Yan Ping, Williams, Jennifer L., Kuriyan, Rebecca, Bonam, Wesley, and Finkelstein, Julia L.

Published
2023
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11. A Randomized Trial of Quadruple-Fortified Salt for Anemia and Birth Defects Prevention in Southern India: Protocol Design and Methods

Author

Finkelstein, Julia L., Guetterman, Heather M., Fothergill, Amy, Johnson, Christina B., Qi, Yan Ping, Jabbar, Shameem, Zhang, Mindy, Pfeiffer, Christine M., Rose, Charles E., Yeung, Lorraine F., Williams, Jennifer L., Krisher, Jesse T., Ruth, Caleb, Roy Choudhury, Dripta, Venkatramanan, Sudha, Haas, Jere D., Kuriyan, Rebecca, Mehta, Saurabh, Bonam, Wesley, and Crider, Krista S.

Published
2023
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12. Wildcards in climate change biology

Author

Srivastava, Diane S., Coristine, Laura, Angert, Amy L., Bontrager, Megan, Amundrud, Sarah L., Williams, Jennifer L., Yeung, Alex C. Y., de Zwaan, Devin R., Thompson, Patrick L., Aitken, Sally N., Sunday, Jennifer M., O'Connor, Mary I., Whitton, Jeannette, Brown, Norah E. M., MacLeod, Colin D., Parfrey, Laura Wegener, Bernhardt, Joey R., Carrillo, Juli, Harley, Christopher D. G., Martone, Patrick T., Freeman, Benjamin G., Tseng, Michelle, and Donner, Simon D.

Published
2021

13. Lysosome inhibition sensitizes pancreatic cancer to replication stress by aspartate depletion

Author

Elliott, Irmina A, Dann, Amanda M, Xu, Shili, Kim, Stephanie S, Abt, Evan R, Kim, Woosuk, Poddar, Soumya, Moore, Alexandra, Zhou, Lei, Williams, Jennifer L, Capri, Joseph R, Ghukasyan, Razmik, Matsumura, Cynthia, Tucker, D Andrew, Armstrong, Wesley R, Cabebe, Anthony E, Wu, Nanping, Li, Luyi, Le, Thuc M, Radu, Caius G, and Donahue, Timothy R

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Rare Diseases, Orphan Drug, Pancreatic Cancer, Cancer, Digestive Diseases, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Animals, Aspartic Acid, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, Cell Line, Tumor, Chloroquine, Female, Humans, Lysosomes, Male, Mice, Mitochondria, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Stress, Physiological, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, lysosome, autophagy, replication stress, pancreatic cancer, nucleotide metabolism
Abstract

Functional lysosomes mediate autophagy and macropinocytosis for nutrient acquisition. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors exhibit high basal lysosomal activity, and inhibition of lysosome function suppresses PDAC cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, the codependencies induced by lysosomal inhibition in PDAC have not been systematically explored. We performed a comprehensive pharmacological inhibition screen of the protein kinome and found that replication stress response (RSR) inhibitors were synthetically lethal with chloroquine (CQ) in PDAC cells. CQ treatment reduced de novo nucleotide biosynthesis and induced replication stress. We found that CQ treatment caused mitochondrial dysfunction and depletion of aspartate, an essential precursor for de novo nucleotide synthesis, as an underlying mechanism. Supplementation with aspartate partially rescued the phenotypes induced by CQ. The synergy of CQ and the RSR inhibitor VE-822 was comprehensively validated in both 2D and 3D cultures of PDAC cell lines, a heterotypic spheroid culture with cancer-associated fibroblasts, and in vivo xenograft and syngeneic PDAC mouse models. These results indicate a codependency on functional lysosomes and RSR in PDAC and support the translational potential of the combination of CQ and RSR inhibitors.

Published
2019

16. Breast

Author

Nagra-Mahmood, Nadia, Miller, Angie L., Williams, Jennifer L., Paltiel, Harriet J., Paltiel, Harriet J., editor, and Lee, Edward Y., editor

Published
2021
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17. Eco-evolutionary dynamics of range expansion

Author

Miller, Tom E. X., Angert, Amy L., Brown, Carissa D., Lee-Yaw, Julie A., Lewis, Mark, Lutscher, Frithjof, Marculis, Nathan G., Melbourne, Brett A., Shaw, Allison K., Szűcs, Marianna, Tabares, Olivia, Usui, Takuji, Weiss-Lehman, Christopher, and Williams, Jennifer L.

Published
2020

18. Histone deacetylase inhibitors provoke a tumor supportive phenotype in pancreatic cancer associated fibroblasts

Author

Nguyen, Andrew H, Elliott, Irmina A, Wu, Nanping, Matsumura, Cynthia, Vogelauer, Maria, Attar, Narsis, Dann, Amanda, Ghukasyan, Razmik, Toste, Paul A, Patel, Sanjeet G, Williams, Jennifer L, Li, Luyi, Dawson, David W, Radu, Caius, Kurdistani, Siavash K, and Donahue, Timothy R

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Genetics, Rare Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Pancreatic Cancer, Cancer, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Animals, Blotting, Western, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred NOD, Mice, SCID, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Phenotype, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, histone deacetylase inhibitor, SAHA, AP-1, pancreatic cancer, cancer-associated fibroblasts, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Although histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a promising class of anti-cancer drugs, thus far, they have been unsuccessful in early phase clinical trials for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). One potential reason for their poor efficacy is the tumor stroma, where cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a prominent cell type and a source of resistance to cancer therapies. Here, we demonstrate that stromal fibroblasts contribute to the poor efficacy of HDACi's in PDAC. HDACi-treated fibroblasts show increased biological aggressiveness and are characterized by increased secretion of pro-inflammatory tumor-supportive cytokines and chemokines. We find that HDAC2 binds to the enhancer and promoter regions of pro-inflammatory genes specifically in CAFs and in silico analysis identified AP-1 to be the most frequently associated transcription factor bound in these regions. Pharmacologic inhibition of pathways upstream of AP-1 suppresses the HDACi-induced inflammatory gene expression and tumor-supportive responses in fibroblasts. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of HDACi's with chemical inhibitors of the AP-1 signaling pathway attenuate the inflammatory phenotype of fibroblasts and may improve the efficacy of HDACi in PDAC and, potentially, in other solid tumors rich in stroma.

Published
2017

20. Rapid evolution accelerates plant population spread in fragmented experimental landscapes

Author

Williams, Jennifer L., Kendall, Bruce E., and Levine, Jonathan M.

Subjects
evolution of dispersal, biological invasion, Arabidopsis thaliana, eco-evolutionary dynamics, habitat fragmentation
Abstract

Predicting the speed of biological invasions and native species migrations requires an understanding of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of spreading populations. Theory predicts that evolution can accelerate species’ spread velocity, but how landscape patchiness—an important control over traits under selection—influences this process is unknown. We manipulated the response to selection in populations of a model plant species spreading through replicated experimental landscapes of varying patchiness. After six generations of change, evolving populations spread 11% farther than nonevolving populations in continuously favorable landscapes and 200% farther in the most fragmented landscapes. The greater effect of evolution on spread in patchier landscapes was consistent with the evolution of dispersal and competitive ability. Accounting for evolutionary change may be critical when predicting the velocity of range expansions.

Published
2016

21. CA19-9 Normalization During Pre-operative Treatment Predicts Longer Survival for Patients with Locally Progressed Pancreatic Cancer

Author

Williams, Jennifer L, Kadera, Brian E, Nguyen, Andrew H, Muthusamy, V Raman, Wainberg, Zev A, Hines, O Joe, Reber, Howard A, and Donahue, Timothy R

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Digestive Diseases, Orphan Drug, Cancer, Rare Diseases, Pancreatic Cancer, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Biomarkers, Tumor, CA-19-9 Antigen, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Female, Fluorouracil, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Pancreatectomy, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Survival Rate, Time Factors, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Neoadjuvant therapy, CA 19-9 antigen, Surgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundCompared to the widely adopted 2-4 months of pre-operative therapy for patients with borderline resectable (BR) or locally advanced (LA) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), our institution tends to administer a longer duration before considering surgical resection. Using this unique approach, the aim of this study was to determine pre-operative variables associated with survival.MethodsRecords from patients with BR/LA PDAC who underwent attempt at surgical resection from 1992-2014 were reviewed.ResultsAfter a median duration of 6 months of pre-operative treatment, 109 patients with BR/LA PDAC (BR 63, LA 46) were explored; 93 (85.3 %) underwent pancreatectomy. Those who received at least 6 months of pre-operative treatment had longer median overall survival (OS) than those who received less (52.8 vs. 32.1 months, P = 0.044). On multivariate analysis, pre-operative treatment duration was the strongest predictor of survival (hazard ratio (HR) 4.79, P = 0.043). However, OS was similar in those whose CA19-9 normalized regardless of whether they received more or less than 6 months of chemotherapy (71.4 vs. 101.8 months, P = 0.930).ConclusionsPre-operative CA19-9 decline can guide treatment duration in patients with BR/LA PDAC. We endorse 6 months of therapy except in those patients whose values normalize, where surgery can be considered after a shorter course.

Published
2016

24. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Loydi, Alejandro, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill Jr., James F., Luan, Junwei, Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Macfarlane, Craig, Forte, T'ai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Hoss, Daniela, Ingrisch, Johannes, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Malyshev, Andrey V., Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Lawson, Jason, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Ohlert, Timothy, Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Beier, Claus, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Peñuelas Reixach, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Jentsch, Anke, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Loik, Michael E., Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Maestre, Fernando T., Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Power, Sally A., Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Loydi, Alejandro, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill Jr., James F., Luan, Junwei, Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Macfarlane, Craig, Forte, T'ai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Hoss, Daniela, Ingrisch, Johannes, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Malyshev, Andrey V., Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Lawson, Jason, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Ohlert, Timothy, Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Beier, Claus, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Peñuelas Reixach, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Jentsch, Anke, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Loik, Michael E., Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Maestre, Fernando T., Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Power, Sally A., Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, and Alon, Moshe

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.

Published
2024

25. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, and Zuo, Xiaoan

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought., Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.

Published
2024

28. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Smith, Melinda D., primary, Wilkins, Kate D., additional, Holdrege, Martin C., additional, Wilfahrt, Peter, additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Knapp, Alan K., additional, Sala, Osvaldo E., additional, Dukes, Jeffrey S., additional, Phillips, Richard P., additional, Yahdjian, Laura, additional, Gherardi, Laureano A., additional, Ohlert, Timothy, additional, Beier, Claus, additional, Fraser, Lauchlan H., additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Loik, Michael E., additional, Maestre, Fernando T., additional, Power, Sally A., additional, Yu, Qiang, additional, Felton, Andrew J., additional, Munson, Seth M., additional, Luo, Yiqi, additional, Abdoli, Hamed, additional, Abedi, Mehdi, additional, Alados, Concepción L., additional, Alberti, Juan, additional, Alon, Moshe, additional, An, Hui, additional, Anacker, Brian, additional, Anderson, Maggie, additional, Auge, Harald, additional, Bachle, Seton, additional, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, additional, Bahn, Michael, additional, Batbaatar, Amgaa, additional, Bauerle, Taryn, additional, Beard, Karen H., additional, Behn, Kai, additional, Beil, Ilka, additional, Biancari, Lucio, additional, Blindow, Irmgard, additional, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Bork, Edward W., additional, Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, additional, Byrne, Kerry M., additional, Cahill Jr., James F., additional, Calvo, Dianela A., additional, Carbognani, Michele, additional, Cardoni, Augusto, additional, Carlyle, Cameron N., additional, Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, additional, Chang, Scott X., additional, Chieppa, Jeff, additional, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., additional, Cohen, Ofer, additional, Cordeiro, Amanda L., additional, Cusack, Daniela F., additional, Dahlke, Sven, additional, Daleo, Pedro, additional, D'Antonio, Carla M., additional, Dietterich, Lee H., additional, S. Doherty, Tim, additional, Dubbert, Maren, additional, Ebeling, Anne, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Fischer, Felícia M., additional, Forte, T'ai G. W., additional, Gebauer, Tobias, additional, Gozalo, Beatriz, additional, Greenville, Aaron C., additional, Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., additional, Hannusch, Heather J., additional, Vatsø Haugum, Siri, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Hefting, Mariet, additional, Henry, Hugh A. L., additional, Hoss, Daniela, additional, Ingrisch, Johannes, additional, Iribarne, Oscar, additional, Isbell, Forest, additional, Johnson, Yari, additional, Jordan, Samuel, additional, Kelly, Eugene F., additional, Kimmel, Kaitlin, additional, Kreyling, Juergen, additional, Kröel-Dulay, György, additional, Kröpfl, Alicia, additional, Kübert, Angelika, additional, Kulmatiski, Andrew, additional, Lamb, Eric G., additional, Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, additional, Larson, Julie, additional, Lawson, Jason, additional, Leder, Cintia V., additional, Linstädter, Anja, additional, Liu, Jielin, additional, Liu, Shirong, additional, Lodge, Alexandra G., additional, Longo, Grisel, additional, Loydi, Alejandro, additional, Luan, Junwei, additional, Curtis Lubbe, Frederick, additional, Macfarlane, Craig, additional, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, additional, Malyshev, Andrey V., additional, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, additional, Merchant, Thomas, additional, Metcalfe, Daniel B., additional, Mori, Akira S., additional, Mudongo, Edwin, additional, Newman, Gregory S., additional, Nielsen, Uffe N., additional, Nimmo, Dale, additional, Niu, Yujie, additional, Nobre, Paola, additional, O'Connor, Rory C., additional, Ogaya, Romà, additional, Oñatibia, Gastón R., additional, Orbán, Ildikó, additional, Osborne, Brooke, additional, Otfinowski, Rafael, additional, Pärtel, Meelis, additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Peter, Guadalupe, additional, Petraglia, Alessandro, additional, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, additional, Pillar, Valério D., additional, Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, additional, Ploughe, Laura W., additional, Plowes, Robert M., additional, Portales-Reyes, Cristy, additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Pueyo, Yolanda, additional, Reed, Sasha C., additional, Ritchie, Euan G., additional, Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, additional, Rogers, William E., additional, Roscher, Christiane, additional, Sánchez, Ana M., additional, Santos, Bráulio A., additional, Cecilia Scarfó, María, additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Shi, Baoku, additional, Souza, Lara, additional, Stampfli, Andreas, additional, Standish, Rachel J., additional, Sternberg, Marcelo, additional, Sun, Wei, additional, Sünnemann, Marie, additional, Tedder, Michelle, additional, Thorvaldsen, Pål, additional, Tian, Dashuan, additional, Tielbörger, Katja, additional, Valdecantos, Alejandro, additional, van den Brink, Liesbeth, additional, Vandvik, Vigdis, additional, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., additional, Guri Velle, Liv, additional, Wang, Changhui, additional, Wang, Yi, additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Werner, Christiane, additional, Wei, Cunzheng, additional, Wiehl, Georg, additional, Williams, Jennifer L., additional, Wolf, Amelia A., additional, Zeiter, Michaela, additional, Zhang, Fawei, additional, Zhu, Juntao, additional, Zong, Ning, additional, and Zuo, Xiaoan, additional

Published
2024
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32. Improving Students' Reading Achievement through the Use of Self-Esteem Lessons.

Author

Crow, Rebecca E., Hoops, Susan Marie, and Williams, Jennifer L.

Abstract

This report discusses a program to increase student self-esteem in order to improve student reading achievement. The targeted population consisted of students in grades first, second, and third. The study took place in the northwestern suburbs of a large metropolitan area in Illinois. The problems of low self-esteem and low reading achievement were documented through data revealing student reading attitudes and self-concepts through parent surveys, student questionnaires, student records, student journal entries, teacher checklists, anecdotal records and diagnostic measures. Analysis of probable cause data revealed that students' poor reading achievement was due to lack of self-esteem brought on by family, school, society, and peers. A review of the research indicated that a self-esteem curriculum may have an impact on reading achievement. A review of solution strategies suggested by the research combined with an analysis of the problem setting resulted in the selection of four major categories of intervention: celebrating the self, the family, friends, and team-building. Post intervention data indicated no relevant correlation between self-esteem and reading achievement. Contains 33 references and 16 figures of data. Appendixes contain a student attitude survey and scoring guide; reading assessment materials; a self-concept scale; a parent observation guide; and a list of self-esteem affirmation and journal statements. (Author/SR)

Published
1999

40. Folate and vitamin B12 status and predicted neural tube defects risk among nonpregnant women of reproductive age from the Malawi National Micronutrient Survey, 2015–2016.

Author

Qi, Yan Ping, Crider, Krista S., Williams, Anne M., Tripp, Katie, Mapango, Carine, Rhodes, Elizabeth C., Nyirenda, Eunice, Phiri, Felix, Zhang, Mindy, Jabbar, Shameem, Pfeiffer, Christine M., Pachón, Helena, Zimmerman, Sarah, and Williams, Jennifer L.

Abstract

Background: Maternal folate and vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to serious adverse pregnancy outcomes. There are no nationally representative estimates on folate and vitamin B12 status among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Malawi. Objective: We assessed folate and vitamin B12 status among nonpregnant WRA in Malawi and predicted the risk of folate‐sensitive neural tube defects (NTDs) were they to become pregnant. Methods: Using data from the cross‐sectional, nationally representative 2015–2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey, we calculated the proportion of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency and insufficiency by demographic characteristics among 778 nonpregnant WRA (15–49 years). We predicted NTD prevalence using red blood cell (RBC) folate distributions and a published Bayesian model of the association between RBC folate and NTD risk. Analyses accounted for complex survey design. Results: Among WRA, 8.5% (95% CI: 6.2, 11.6) and 13.3% (10.0, 17.4) had serum (<7 nmol/L) and RBC folate (<305 nmol/L) deficiency, respectively. The proportion of vitamin B12 deficiency (<148 pmol/L) and insufficiency (≤221 pmol/L) was 11.8% (8.6, 16.0) and 40.6% (34.1, 47.4), respectively. RBC folate insufficiency (<748 nmol/L, defined as the concentration associated with the threshold for elevated NTD risk: >8 cases per 10,000 births) was widespread: 81.4% (75.0, 86.4). The predicted NTD risk nationally was 24.7 cases per 10,000 live births. RBC folate insufficiency and higher predicted NTD risk were more common among WRA living in urban areas or with higher education. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of nutritional and NTD surveillance in Malawi and the opportunity for improving folate and vitamin B12 nutrition among Malawian WRA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Update on the impact of voluntary folic acid fortification of corn masa flour on red blood cell folate concentrations—National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–March 2020.

Author

Wang, Arick, Fothergill, Amy, Yeung, Lorraine F., Crider, Krista S., and Williams, Jennifer L.

Abstract

Background: Folic acid is a micronutrient that is effective at preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). In 2016, the FDA authorized the voluntary fortification of corn masa flour (CMF) with folic acid to reduce disparities in NTDs among infants of women who do not regularly consume other fortified cereal grains, in particular Hispanic women of reproductive age (WRA). Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to March 2020 assessing the impact of voluntary fortification of CMF on the folate status of Hispanic WRA. We analyzed folic acid usual intake and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations among non‐pregnant, non‐lactating Hispanic WRA, comparing pre‐fortification (2011–2016) to post‐fortification (2017–March 2020) data. RBC folate concentrations were used to create model‐based estimation of NTD rates. Results: The proportion of Hispanic WRA with folic acid usual intakes <400 μg/d did not change (2011–2016: 86.1% [95% Confidence Interval, CI: 83.7–88.5]; 2017–March 2020: 87.8% [95% CI: 84.8–90.7]; p =.38) nor did the proportion of Hispanic WRA with RBC folate below optimal concentrations (<748 nmol/L, 2011–2016: 16.0% [95% CI: 13.7–18.2]; 2017–March 2020: 18.1% [95% CI: 12.1–24.0]; p = 0.49). Model‐based estimates of NTD rates suggest further improvements in the folate status of Hispanic WRA might prevent an additional 157 (95% Uncertainty Interval: 0, 288) NTDs/year. Conclusions: Voluntary fortification of CMF with folic acid has yet to have a significant impact on the folate status of WRA. Continued monitoring and further research into factors such as fortified product availability, community knowledge, and awareness of folic acid benefits would inform and improve future public health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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43. Experimental evolution of dispersal : Unifying theory, experiments and natural systems

Author

Lustenhouwer, Nicky, Moerman, Felix, Altermatt, Florian, Bassar, Ronald D. D., Bocedi, Greta, Bonte, Dries, Dey, Sutirth, Fronhofer, Emanuel A. A., da Rocha, Erika Garcez, Giometto, Andrea, Lancaster, Lesley T. T., Prather Jr, Robert B. B., Saastamoinen, Marjo, Travis, Justin M. J., Urquhart, Carla A. A., Weiss-Lehman, Christopher, Williams, Jennifer L. L., Borger, Luca, Berger, David, Lustenhouwer, Nicky, Moerman, Felix, Altermatt, Florian, Bassar, Ronald D. D., Bocedi, Greta, Bonte, Dries, Dey, Sutirth, Fronhofer, Emanuel A. A., da Rocha, Erika Garcez, Giometto, Andrea, Lancaster, Lesley T. T., Prather Jr, Robert B. B., Saastamoinen, Marjo, Travis, Justin M. J., Urquhart, Carla A. A., Weiss-Lehman, Christopher, Williams, Jennifer L. L., Borger, Luca, and Berger, David

Abstract

Dispersal is a central life history trait that affects the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations and communities. The recent use of experimental evolution for the study of dispersal is a promising avenue for demonstrating valuable proofs of concept, bringing insight into alternative dispersal strategies and trade-offs, and testing the repeatability of evolutionary outcomes. Practical constraints restrict experimental evolution studies of dispersal to a set of typically small, short-lived organisms reared in artificial laboratory conditions. Here, we argue that despite these restrictions, inferences from these studies can reinforce links between theoretical predictions and empirical observations and advance our understanding of the eco-evolutionary consequences of dispersal. We illustrate how applying an integrative framework of theory, experimental evolution and natural systems can improve our understanding of dispersal evolution under more complex and realistic biological scenarios, such as the role of biotic interactions and complex dispersal syndromes.

Published
2023
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44. Experimental evolution of dispersal: Unifying theory, experiments and natural systems

Author

Lustenhouwer, Nicky; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-857X, Moerman, Felix; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-0978, Altermatt, Florian; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-6958, Bassar, Ronald D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6118-7807, Bocedi, Greta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9131-6670, Bonte, Dries; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3320-7505, Dey, Sutirth; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9210-3055, Fronhofer, Emanuel A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2219-784X, da Rocha, Érika Garcez; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-2967, Giometto, Andrea; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0544-6023, Lancaster, Lesley T; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4835, Prather, Robert B, Saastamoinen, Marjo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-2527, Travis, Justin M J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-4272, Urquhart, Carla A, Weiss‐Lehman, Christopher; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1793-235X, Williams, Jennifer L; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4497-4961, Börger, Luca; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8763-5997, Berger, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0196-6109, Lustenhouwer, Nicky; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-857X, Moerman, Felix; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-0978, Altermatt, Florian; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-6958, Bassar, Ronald D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6118-7807, Bocedi, Greta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9131-6670, Bonte, Dries; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3320-7505, Dey, Sutirth; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9210-3055, Fronhofer, Emanuel A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2219-784X, da Rocha, Érika Garcez; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-2967, Giometto, Andrea; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0544-6023, Lancaster, Lesley T; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4835, Prather, Robert B, Saastamoinen, Marjo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-2527, Travis, Justin M J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-4272, Urquhart, Carla A, Weiss‐Lehman, Christopher; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1793-235X, Williams, Jennifer L; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4497-4961, Börger, Luca; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8763-5997, and Berger, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0196-6109

Abstract

Dispersal is a central life history trait that affects the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations and communities. The recent use of experimental evolution for the study of dispersal is a promising avenue for demonstrating valuable proofs of concept, bringing insight into alternative dispersal strategies and trade‐offs, and testing the repeatability of evolutionary outcomes. Practical constraints restrict experimental evolution studies of dispersal to a set of typically small, short‐lived organisms reared in artificial laboratory conditions. Here, we argue that despite these restrictions, inferences from these studies can reinforce links between theoretical predictions and empirical observations and advance our understanding of the eco‐evolutionary consequences of dispersal. We illustrate how applying an integrative framework of theory, experimental evolution and natural systems can improve our understanding of dispersal evolution under more complex and realistic biological scenarios, such as the role of biotic interactions and complex dispersal syndromes.

Published
2023

45. Experimental evolution of dispersal: Unifying theory, experiments and natural systems

Author

Lustenhouwer, Nicky, primary, Moerman, Felix, additional, Altermatt, Florian, additional, Bassar, Ronald D., additional, Bocedi, Greta, additional, Bonte, Dries, additional, Dey, Sutirth, additional, Fronhofer, Emanuel A., additional, da Rocha, Érika Garcez, additional, Giometto, Andrea, additional, Lancaster, Lesley T., additional, Prather, Robert B., additional, Saastamoinen, Marjo, additional, Travis, Justin M. J., additional, Urquhart, Carla A., additional, Weiss‐Lehman, Christopher, additional, Williams, Jennifer L., additional, Börger, Luca, additional, and Berger, David, additional

Published
2023
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