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3. New light on the use of Theobroma cacao by Late Classic Maya.

Author

Ford, Anabel, Williams, Ann, and de Vries, Mattanjah

Subjects
Maya, archaeometry, cacao, Belize, Cacao, Clay, Guatemala, History, Ancient, Seeds, Theobromine, Theophylline
Abstract

Cacao seeds, Theobroma cacao, provide the basis for a ceremonially important Mesoamerican food. Past efforts to identify cacao in ceramics focused on highly decorative vessel forms associated with elite ceremonial contexts, creating assumptions as to how cacao was distributed and who could access it. This study examines 54 archaeological ceramic sherds from El Pilar (Belize/Guatemala) of Late Classic (600 to 900 CE) residential and civic contexts representing a cross-section of ancient Maya inhabitants. Identification of cacao in ancient sherds has depended on the general presence of theobromine; we used the discrete presence of theophylline, a unique key biomarker for cacao in the region. Analysis was done by grinding off all outside surfaces to reduce contamination, pulverizing the inner clay matrix, extracting absorbed molecules, and concentrating the extractions. In order to obtain especially high selectivity and low limits of detection, our study utilized the technique of resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization coupled with laser-desorption jet-cooling mass spectrometry. This technique isolates molecules in the cold gas phase where they can be selectively ionized through a resonant two-photon process. Of the sherds analyzed, 30 samples (56%) were found to contain significant amounts of theophylline and thus test positive for cacao. Importantly, cacao is present in all contexts, common to all Maya residents near and far from centers.

Published
2022

5. The association between genetically elevated polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of cancer

Author

Tintle, Nathan, Rice, Terri, Cheng, Iona, Jenkins, Mark, Gallinger, Steve, Cornish, Alex J., Sud, Amit, Vijayakrishnan, Jayaram, Wrensch, Margaret, Johansson, Mattias, Norman, Aaron D., Klein, Alison, Clay-Gilmour, Alyssa, Franke, Andre, Ardisson Korat, Andres V., Wheeler, Bill, Nilsson, Björn, Smith, Caren, Heng, Chew-Kiat, Song, Ci, Riadi, David, Claus, Elizabeth B., Ellinghaus, Eva, Ostroumova, Evgenia, Hosnijeh, de Vathaire, Florent, Cugliari, Giovanni, Matullo, Giuseppe, Oi-Lin Ng, Irene, Passow, Jeanette E., Foo, Jia Nee, Han, Jiali, Liu, Jianjun, Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill, Schildkraut, Joellen M., Maris, John, Wiemels, Joseph L., Hemminki, Kari, Yang, Keming, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Wu, Lang, Amundadottir, Laufey, Stern, Marc-Henri, Boutron, Marie-Christine, Iles, Mark Martin, Purdue, Mark P., Stanulla, Martin, Bondy, Melissa, Gaudet, Mia, Mobuchon, Lenha, Camp, Nicola J., Sham, Pak Chung, Guénel, Pascal, Brennan, Paul, Taylor, Philip R., Ostrom, Quinn, Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, Houlston, Richard, Jenkins, Robert B., Diskin, Sharon, Berndt, Sonja I., Tsavachidis, Spiridon, Channock, Stephen J., Harrison, Tabitha, Galesloot, Tessel, Gyllensten, Ulf, Joseph, Vijai, Shi, Y., Yang, Wenjian, Lin, Yi, Van Den Eeden, Stephen K., Haycock, Philip C., Borges, Maria Carolina, Burrows, Kimberley, Lemaitre, Rozenn N., Burgess, Stephen, Khankari, Nikhil K., Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., Gaunt, Tom R., Hemani, Gibran, Zheng, Jie, Truong, Therese, Birmann, Brenda M., OMara, Tracy, Spurdle, Amanda B., Iles, Mark M., Law, Matthew H., Slager, Susan L., Saberi Hosnijeh, Fatemeh, Mariosa, Daniela, Cotterchio, Michelle, Cerhan, James R., Peters, Ulrike, Enroth, Stefan, Gharahkhani, Puya, Le Marchand, Loic, Williams, Ann C., Block, Robert C., Amos, Christopher I., Hung, Rayjean J., Zheng, Wei, Gunter, Marc J., Smith, George Davey, Relton, Caroline, and Martin, Richard M.

Published
2023
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7. LEF-1 drives aberrant β-catenin nuclear localization in myeloid leukemia cells

Author

Morgan, Rhys G, Ridsdale, Jenna, Payne, Megan, Heesom, Kate J, Wilson, Marieangela C, Davidson, Andrew, Greenhough, Alexander, Davies, Sara, Williams, Ann C, Blair, Allison, Waterman, Marian L, Tonks, Alex, and Darley, Richard L

Subjects
Pediatric, Childhood Leukemia, Rare Diseases, Pediatric Cancer, Cancer, Hematology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Biomarkers, Tumor, Cell Nucleus, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Proteome, RNA, Small Interfering, Transcriptional Activation, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Wnt1 Protein, beta Catenin, Immunology
Abstract

Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is frequently dysregulated in myeloid leukemias and is implicated in leukemogenesis. Nuclear-localized β-catenin is indicative of active Wnt signaling and is frequently observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients; however, some patients exhibit little or no nuclear β-catenin even where cytosolic β-catenin is abundant. Control of the subcellular localization of β-catenin therefore represents an additional mechanism regulating Wnt signaling in hematopoietic cells. To investigate the factors mediating the nuclear-localization of β-catenin, we carried out the first nuclear/cytoplasmic proteomic analysis of the β-catenin interactome in myeloid leukemia cells and identified putative novel β-catenin interactors. Comparison of interacting factors between Wnt-responsive cells (high nuclear β-catenin) versus Wnt-unresponsive cells (low nuclear β-catenin) suggested the transcriptional partner, LEF-1, could direct the nuclear-localization of β-catenin. The relative levels of nuclear LEF-1 and β-catenin were tightly correlated in both cell lines and in primary AML blasts. Furthermore, LEF-1 knockdown perturbed β-catenin nuclear-localization and transcriptional activation in Wnt-responsive cells. Conversely, LEF-1 overexpression was able to promote both nuclear-localization and β-catenin-dependent transcriptional responses in previously Wnt-unresponsive cells. This is the first β-catenin interactome study in hematopoietic cells and reveals LEF-1 as a mediator of nuclear β- catenin level in human myeloid leukemia.

Published
2019

9. Label-free optical vibrational spectroscopy to detect the metabolic state of M. tuberculosis cells at the site of disease

Author

Baron, Vincent O., Chen, Mingzhou, Clark, Simon O., Williams, Ann, Hammond, Robert J. H., Dholakia, Kishan, and Gillespie, Stephen H.

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Tuberculosis relapse is a barrier to shorter treatment. It is thought that lipid rich cells, phenotypically resistant to antibiotics, may play a major role. Most studies investigating relapse use sputum samples although tissue bacteria may play an important role. We developed a non-destructive, label-free technique combining wavelength modulated Raman (WMR) spectroscopy and fluorescence detection (Nile Red staining) to interrogate Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell state. This approach could differentiate single 'dormant' (lipid rich, LR) and 'non-dormant' (lipid poor, LP) cells with high sensitivity and specificity. We applied this to experimentally infected guinea pig lung sections and were able to distinguish both cell types showing that the LR phenotype dominates in infected tissue. Both in-vitro and ex-vivo spectra correlated well, showing for the first time that Mycobacterium tuberculosis, likely to be phenotypically resistant to antibiotics, are present in large numbers in tissue. This is an important step in understanding the pathology of relapse supporting the idea that they may be caused by M. tuberculosis cells with lipid inclusions., Comment: 20 pages, Scientific Reports, 2017

Published
2017
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15. NOTUM from Apc-mutant cells biases clonal competition to initiate cancer

Author

Flanagan, Dustin J., Pentinmikko, Nalle, Luopajärvi, Kalle, Willis, Nicky J., Gilroy, Kathryn, Raven, Alexander P., Mcgarry, Lynn, Englund, Johanna I., Webb, Anna T., Scharaw, Sandra, Nasreddin, Nadia, Hodder, Michael C., Ridgway, Rachel A., Minnee, Emma, Sphyris, Nathalie, Gilchrist, Ella, Najumudeen, Arafath K., Romagnolo, Beatrice, Perret, Christine, Williams, Ann C., Clevers, Hans, Nummela, Pirjo, Lähde, Marianne, Alitalo, Kari, Hietakangas, Ville, Hedley, Ann, Clark, William, Nixon, Colin, Kirschner, Kristina, Jones, E. Yvonne, Ristimäki, Ari, Leedham, Simon J., Fish, Paul V., Vincent, Jean-Paul, Katajisto, Pekka, and Sansom, Owen J.

Published
2021
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19. Strategies to Maintain School District Financial Solvency: Illinois School Business Officials' Recommendations

Author

Williams, Ann C. and Kersten, Thomas A.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify financial management strategies that school business officials have found most successful in achieving school district financial stability. To accomplish, 208 Illinois school business officials in six counties: Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will counties, excluding Chicago School District 299, were asked to complete a qualitative online survey. One hundred and thirty-five completed responses were received, which resulted in a 65% response rate. In addition, three survey participants, who had lead their school districts from financial difficulty to solvency, were interviewed to further probe survey responses. The study identified 122 financial management strategies that school business officials should consider to maintain financial solvency in school districts. Those mentioned most often included communicating effectively with stakeholders and updating financial projections regularly. Respondents also noted the importance of: (1) Managing collective bargaining agreements/proposals and their implications; (2) Creating and adhering to long range financial plan; (3) Creating and maintaining balanced budgets; (4) Staying current with economic information at the local, state, and federal levels; (5) Meeting with their service providers to discuss possible cost reduction options; (6) Becoming active in Illinois ASBO, which provides professional development and networking opportunities to school business officials nationwide; (7) Spending time gaining a more thorough understanding of their districts finances before making any changes; and (8) Collaborating with stakeholders to ensure sound decision making occurs.

Published
2013

20. Guide to Effective Employment Programs: Vocational Rehabilitation Service Models for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Author

SEDL and Williams, Ann

Abstract

The Southeast Educational Development Laboratory's (SEDL's) Vocational Rehabilitation Service Models for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders project, funded by the National Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR), launched in October 2008 and ended in September 2013. The mission of this project was to conduct high quality research and knowledge translation activities in order to improve employment services and outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). One activity of this project was identifying effective programs. This study focused on effective practices implemented by Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) service providers for people with ASD. Outcomes from this study included empirical assessments of practices perceived as effective by VR professionals, and identification and dissemination of those practices that were linked to successful outcomes (i.e., helping people with ASD find and maintain competitive employment). This guide discusses the results of this study and outlines effective practices of VR vendors. Information found here can be used to identify effective programs or in quality improvement initiatives. The intended audience of this guide is people with ASD, their families, VR professionals, and employment specialists. This project ultimately hopes to contribute to the continuing improvement in employment programs for people with ASD.

Published
2013

21. 'Black History In My Family Wasn't A Month; It Was Our Life.'

Author

Williams, Ann Claire

Subjects
Black History Month -- Social aspects, African Americans -- Social aspects, Business, international
Abstract

When I think about Black History Month, President Barack Obama's 2016 reflection resonates with me: 'Black History Month shouldn't be treated as though it is somehow separate from our collective [...]

Published
2024

23. High-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosol challenge cannot overcome BCG-induced protection in Chinese origin cynomolgus macaques; implications of natural resistance for vaccine evaluation

Author

Sibley, Laura, White, Andrew D., Gooch, Karen E., Stevens, Lisa M., Tanner, Rachel, Jacobs, Ashley, Daykin-Pont, Owen, Gleeson, Fergus, McIntyre, Anthony, Basaraba, Randall, Clark, Simon, Hall, Graham, Pearson, Geoff, Rayner, Emma, McShane, Helen, Williams, Ann, Dennis, Mike, Marsh, Philip D., and Sharpe, Sally

Published
2021
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24. MTBVAC vaccination protects rhesus macaques against aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis and induces immune signatures analogous to those observed in clinical studies

Author

White, Andrew D., Sibley, Laura, Sarfas, Charlotte, Morrison, Alexandra, Gullick, Jennie, Clark, Simon, Gleeson, Fergus, McIntyre, Anthony, Arlehamn, Cecilia Lindestam, Sette, Alessandro, Salguero, Francisco J., Rayner, Emma, Rodriguez, Esteban, Puentes, Eugenia, Laddy, Dominick, Williams, Ann, Dennis, Mike, Martin, Carlos, and Sharpe, Sally

Published
2021
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29. Efficacy of an Evidence-Based ARV Adherence Intervention in China

Author

Williams, Ann B, Wang, Honghong, Li, Xianhong, Chen, Jia, Li, Ling, and Fennie, Kristopher

Subjects
Behavioral and Social Science, Depression, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Prevention, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Pediatric, Pediatric AIDS, HIV/AIDS, Brain Disorders, Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents, China, Evidence-Based Medicine, Female, HIV Infections, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Prevalence, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Social Stigma, Social Support, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Public Health and Health Services, Virology
Abstract

We designed a randomized controlled trial of a home based intervention to improve antiretroviral adherence and to assess the impact of depressive symptoms among people living with HIV in Hunan, China. At baseline, 110 subjects reported taking 90% or less of prescribed medication. At 6 months, when the intervention ended, 56% of subjects in the control and 87% of subjects in the experimental group were adherent. This difference was maintained at 12 months. In multivariate analyses, controlling for baseline visual analogue adherence scale, stigma, social support, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, the experimental group had a significantly higher proportion of people who were adherent (p=0.009). The high prevalence of significant depressive symptoms (67%) at baseline is of concern. It is of particular importance that future studies look at the types of depression likely to be seen in these patients and differentiate early between those likely to benefit from HIV-related support and those who will require additional depression-targeted interventions.

Published
2014

33. Representations of an Islamic Republic : Iran and the British Press since 1989

Author

Williams, Ann and Bast, Oliver

Subjects
070.4
Abstract

This thesis aims to uncover how Iran was represented in the British Print Press from 1989-2005. The period under analysis marked a new phase in Anglo-Iranian relations in which Iran sought improved relations with Britain primarily for economic reasons. This study will combine Critical Discourse Analysis with a Corpus Based Analysis using Monoconc Pro 2.2 a computer based concordance software package. The Corpus Based Analysis allows large corpus files to be analysed and provides quantitative findings which can support the qualitative analysis. The newspapers selected for the combined analysis were the The Times and the Guardian. Article selection was based on the presence of certain words appearing in the headline throughout the time frame. To facilitate analysis of the Sun and the Mirror which were not available on Lexis for the whole time frame, a qualitative only analysis was also conducted on all papers using four keys events. The study found that Iran is represented as a ‘threat’ through its link to terrorism and most notably the nuclear issue. In addition the study found that generally the media follow government policy in its coverage of Iran. Coverage was overwhelmingly political however both of the broadsheet papers did feature examples of social and cultural focused articles. Social and cultural reporting provides an opportunity for newspaper readers to gain an insight into aspects of Iranian life.

Published
2012

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