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3 results on '"William Moskal"'

1. Uncommon presentations of type A quadricuspid aortic valve in the Septuagenarian

Author

Perry Choi, Michael Paulsen, Yihan Lin, William Moskalik, Angela Ji, Ethan Jackson, Sachin Malik, Elan Burton, Y Joseph Woo, and Thomas Burdon

Subjects
Quadricuspid aortic valve, Aortic valve replacement, Aortic stenosis, Flail leaflet, Surgery, RD1-811, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract

Abstract Background Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of four cusps instead of the usual three. It is estimated to occur in less than 0.05% of the population, with Type A (four equal-sized leaflets) accounting for roughly 30% of QAV subtypes. Based on limited clinical series, the usual presentation is progressive aortic valve regurgitation (AR) with symptoms occurring in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) and acute AR are very uncommon. Case presentation We describe two cases of Type A QAV in patients who remained asymptomatic until their seventies with very uncommon presentations: one with severe AS and one with acute, severe AR and flail leaflet. In Case A, a 72-year-old patient with history of moderate AS presents to clinic with progressive exertional dyspnea. During work-up for transcatheter vs. surgical replacement pre-operative computed tomography angiogram (CTA) reveals a quadricuspid aortic valve with severe AS, and the patient undergoes surgical aortic valve replacement. Pre-discharge transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) shows good prosthetic valve function with no gradient or regurgitation. In Case B, a 76-year-old patient is intubated upon arrival to the hospital for acute desaturation, found to have wide open AR on catheterization, and transferred for emergent intervention. Intraoperative TEE reveals QAV with flail leaflet and severe AR. Repair is considered but deferred ultimately due to emergent nature. Post-operative TTE demonstrates good prosthetic valve function with no regurgitation and normal biventricular function. Conclusions QAV can present as progressive severe AS and acute AR, with symptoms first occurring in the seventh decade of life. The optimal treatment for QAV remains uncertain. Although aortic valve repair or transcatheter option may be feasible in some patients, aortic valve replacement remains a tenable option.

Published
2024
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2. GC-rich coding sequences reduce transposon-like, small RNA-mediated transgene silencing

Author

Lyudmila Sidorenko, Woosley Aaron T, Tzuu-fen Lee, Glancy Todd P, P. Ann Owens Merlo, William Moskal, Scott Bevan, Po-Hao Wang, Xiujuan Wang, Terence A. Walsh, Blake C. Meyers, Xiaozeng Yang, Staci A. Weaver, and Shreedharan Sriram

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Small RNA, DNA, Plant, Transgene, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, Biology, Genes, Plant, Zea mays, 03 medical and health sciences, RNA interference, Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II, Gene silencing, Gene Silencing, Transgenes, Gene, Genetics, RNA, DNA Methylation, GC Rich Sequence, 030104 developmental biology, Regulatory sequence, RNA, Plant, Codon usage bias, DNA Transposable Elements, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, RNA Interference
Abstract

The molecular basis of transgene susceptibility to silencing is poorly characterized in plants; thus, we evaluated several transgene design parameters as means to reduce heritable transgene silencing. Analyses of Arabidopsis plants with transgenes encoding a microalgal polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthase revealed that small RNA (sRNA)-mediated silencing, combined with the use of repetitive regulatory elements, led to aggressive transposon-like silencing of canola-biased PUFA synthase transgenes. Diversifying regulatory sequences and using native microalgal coding sequences (CDSs) with higher GC content improved transgene expression and resulted in a remarkable trans-generational stability via reduced accumulation of sRNAs and DNA methylation. Further experiments in maize with transgenes individually expressing three crystal (Cry) proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) tested the impact of CDS recoding using different codon bias tables. Transgenes with higher GC content exhibited increased transcript and protein accumulation. These results demonstrate that the sequence composition of transgene CDSs can directly impact silencing, providing design strategies for increasing transgene expression levels and reducing risks of heritable loss of transgene expression.

Published
2015

3. Canola engineered with a microalgal polyketide synthase-like system produces oil enriched in docosahexaenoic acid

Author

William Moskal, Patrick S Adu-Peasah, Scott Bevan, Stoltz Virginia, Pudota B. Bhaskar, Geny Anthony, Dayakar Pareddy, James G. Metz, Lauren Clark, Lyudmila Sidorenko, Ross Zirkle, Daniel J Gachotte, Pradeep Reddy Marri, Terence A. Walsh, Wei Chen, Cory M Larsen, P A Owens Merlo, Ronnie E Hampton, and Steven Wensing

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, food.ingredient, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Protein Engineering, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 03 medical and health sciences, Polyketide, food, Enzyme system, Polyketide synthase, Microalgae, Plant Oils, Canola, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, fungi, Brassica napus, food and beverages, Plant physiology, Plants, Genetically Modified, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Enhancement, chemistry, Biochemistry, Docosahexaenoic acid, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Rapeseed Oil, Long chain, Polyketide Synthases, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

Dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) are usually derived from marine fish. Although production of both EPA and DHA has been engineered into land plants, including Arabidopsis, Camelina sativa and Brassica juncea, neither has been produced in commercially relevant amounts in a widely grown crop. We report expression of a microalgal polyketide synthase-like PUFA synthase system, comprising three multidomain polypeptides and an accessory enzyme, in canola (Brassica napus) seeds. This transgenic enzyme system is expressed in the cytoplasm, and synthesizes DHA and EPA de novo from malonyl-CoA without substantially altering plastidial fatty acid production. Furthermore, there is no significant impact of DHA and EPA production on seed yield in either the greenhouse or the field. Canola oil processed from field-grown grain contains 3.7% DHA and 0.7% EPA, and can provide more than 600 mg of omega-3 LC-PUFAs in a 14 g serving.

Published
2015

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