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Absolute poverty levels are declining around the world but, measured by income and GDP per capita over time, inequality is getting worse between and within many countries. How is this possible when...

Lawton and Tsiligiris discuss the relationship between transnational education (TNE) and mobility as a way of demonstrating how TNE continues to evolve. The traditional concept of TNE is export-led, based on one-way programme mobility and, according to some, “neo-colonialist”. This is inconsistent with the policy goals of countries that have traditionally imported Western higher education (HE) but aspire to develop their HE sectors in line with national and regional developmental objectives. Producer-consumer TNE models—such as franchising, validation, and distance education delivered online—will continue to represent a large chunk of TNE provision. But the future of TNE is likely to see more partnership-based and egalitarian models, such as dual degrees that incorporate student and staff mobility. The chapter includes a brief discussion of some likely impacts of Brexit on UK HE.

This chapter provides an overview of the reasons that justify the need for additional and more systematic research of transnational education (TNE) and highlights the value of this book towards this. The authors discuss the current and future trends that shape a new reality in the global higher education in which TNE is expected to play a major role. Based on these general trends, the authors explain why higher education leaders should strive to develop and apply evidence-based strategies. This chapter concludes with a brief outline of the organisation of this book and the content of each chapter.

The number of international branch campuses for higher education continues to expand at a stately rate, rather than with a headlong rush. But the landscape is changing, in line with prevailing geopolitical currents.

This article examines the difficulties inherent to enforcing ICC awards and other commercial awards against sub-Saharan African States or parties, as well as the difficulties of bringing claims and enforcing ICSID (or other treaty-based awards) against sub-Saharan African States in the context of investor/State disputes. It concludes by summarizing potential means for sub-Saharan African States to improve their international arbitration regimes and the enforcement of international arbitral awards in the region.

Taking the Quebec election of September 1994 as a starting point, this article provides observations on developments in Canadian politics and Quebec-Canada relations. The Quebec election resulted in the transfer of power to a government committed to Quebec's withdrawal from the Canadian federation. This latest manifestation of Quebec nationalism bears similarity with events in the past but the Canadian political landscape has undergone profound changes over the past decade. The article seeks to place the nationalist victory in the contexts of Canada's quest for constitutional reform, the regionalisation of federal politics, and North American economic integration.

This research was undertaken with a view to ascertaining if metallic chlorides have any tendency to combine with a further quantity of chlorine. The well-known fact that potassium iodide unites with iodine to form a tri-iodide suggested that potassium chloride might, under suitable conditions, form a similar compound with chlorine. The method of investigation which first presented itself was to expose crystals of various chlorides to the action of dry chlorine gas at low temperatures, when any chemical action taking place would be expected to show itself in changes in the appearance of the crystals. A few experiments were made with no apparent result, and the method finally adopted was to determine the quantity of chlorine absorbed by solutions of the salts. It was thought that in this way quantitative results could be obtained which would reveal any tendency towards the formation of perchlorides. If a body having the formula KCl3 could be shown to exist, it would strengthen the position of those chemists who contend that the generally accepted ideas regarding atomicity need modifying. The discovery of a compound having the formula KCl2 would be a still stronger argument. At an early stage, however, the research resolved itself into an investigation of the solubility of chlorine gas in solutions of metallic chlorides in water, the question of the existence of perchlorides becoming a side issue. The influence of salts in solution on the solubility of gases in water is a subject of considerable interest, as throwing light on the nature of solution in general. Of late, certain chemists are inclining to adopt the old view that solution should be included under the general head of Chemical Action.

THE over-all efficiency of a mercury-arc rectifier unit is determined by the segregated loss method. The losses in the component parts of the unit ? the rectifier transformer, rectifier, and its auxiliaries ? are measured separately, and the efficiency is calculated. The methods used for measuring the losses are specified in the American Standards Association (ASA) Standard for Pool Cathode Mercury-Arc Power Converters.1 This method is used for determining the efficiency, instead of measuring the power input and output of the unit, for two reasons: 1. The losses constitute a relatively small percentage of the unit rating (approximately 5 per cent for a d-c output voltage of 600 volts) and can be determined more accurately by individual loss measiuements. 2. To set up a complete rectifier unit in the factory for a full-load test would be costly and is not always pcactical, because of the limitations of available testing facilities.

REFERRING to the sunset phenomena described by J. W. B., of Bath, in NATURE, vol. xxvii. p. 580, permit me to inform you that I also was an observer and was well aware from previous experience that it was not the zodiacal light, which, as seen in the evening from any latitude north of the tropics always inclines to the left, and, if seen in the morning, in the east, then to the right, whilst the phenomena in question appeared as a vertical column, of a warm tint, extending upwards to about 5° from where the sun had just set moving to the right, and descending with that luminary, continuing visible for about thirty minutes from the time I first noticed it immediately after the sun had gone down behind the low range of the Yorkshire Wolds, distant from my garden five or six miles in a north-west direction.

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A study was performed to examine the relative noisiness of low‐frequency one‐third octave bands of noise. The frequency range investigated was bounded by the bands centered at 25 and 200 Hz, with intensities ranging from 50 to 95 dB SPL Thirty‐two subjects used a method‐of‐adjustment technique, producing comparison band intensities as noisy as 100‐ and 200‐Hz standard bands at 60 and 72 dB. The work resulted in contours of equal noisiness for one‐third octave bands, ranging in intensity from approximately 58 to 86 dB SPL. These contours were compared with the standard equal noisiness contours; in the region of overlap, between 50 and 200 Hz, the agreement was good.