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1. A replicon RNA vaccine can induce durable protective immunity from SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates after neutralizing antibodies have waned.

Author

Megan A O'Connor, David W Hawman, Kimberly Meade-White, Shanna Leventhal, Wenjun Song, Samantha Randall, Jacob Archer, Thomas B Lewis, Brieann Brown, Megan N Fredericks, Kaitlin R Sprouse, Hillary C Tunggal, Mara Maughan, Naoto Iwayama, Chul Ahrens, William Garrison, Solomon Wangari, Kathryn A Guerriero, Patrick Hanley, Jamie Lovaglio, Greg Saturday, David Veesler, Paul T Edlefsen, Amit P Khandhar, Heinz Feldmann, Deborah Heydenburg Fuller, and Jesse H Erasmus

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompted rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines. Although several vaccines have received emergency approval through various public health agencies, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues. Emergent variants of concern, waning immunity in the vaccinated, evidence that vaccines may not prevent transmission and inequity in vaccine distribution have driven continued development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to address these public health needs. In this report, we evaluated a novel self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a pigtail macaque model of COVID-19 disease. We found that this vaccine elicited strong binding and neutralizing antibody responses against homologous virus. We also observed broad binding antibody against heterologous contemporary and ancestral strains, but neutralizing antibody responses were primarily targeted to the vaccine-homologous strain. While binding antibody responses were sustained, neutralizing antibody waned to undetectable levels in some animals after six months but were rapidly recalled and conferred protection from disease when the animals were challenged 7 months after vaccination as evident by reduced viral replication and pathology in the lower respiratory tract, reduced viral shedding in the nasal cavity and lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate in pigtail macaques that a self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccine can elicit durable and protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, these data provide evidence that this vaccine can provide durable protective efficacy and reduce viral shedding even after neutralizing antibody responses have waned to undetectable levels.

Published
2023
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2. A Single Dose SARS-CoV-2 Replicon RNA Vaccine Induces Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infected and Uninfected Pigtail Macaques

Author

Megan A. O’Connor, Jesse H. Erasmus, Samantha Randall, Jacob Archer, Thomas B. Lewis, Brieann Brown, Megan Fredericks, Skyler Groenier, Naoto Iwayama, Chul Ahrens, William Garrison, Solomon Wangari, Kathryn A. Guerriero, and Deborah H. Fuller

Subjects
vaccine, nonhuman primate, SIV, COVID-19 vaccine, replicon RNA, SARS-CoV-2, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

The ongoing COVID-19 vaccine rollout is critical for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, massive disparities exist in getting vaccines to vulnerable populations, including people living with HIV. Preliminary studies indicate that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are safe and immunogenic in people living with HIV that are virally suppressed with potent antiretroviral therapy but may be less efficacious in immunocompromised individuals. This raises the concern that COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective in resource poor settings with limited access to antiretroviral therapy. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a single dose COVID-19 replicon RNA vaccine expressing Spike protein (A.1) from SARS-CoV-2 (repRNA-CoV2S) in immunocompromised, SIV infected and immune competent, naïve pigtail macaques. Moderate vaccine-specific cellular Th1 T-cell responses and binding and neutralizing antibodies were induced by repRNA-CoV2S in SIV infected animals and naïve animals. Furthermore, vaccine immunogenicity was elicited even among the animals with the highest SIV viral burden or lowest peripheral CD4 counts prior to immunization. This study provides evidence that a SARS-CoV-2 repRNA vaccine could be employed to induce strong immunity against COVID-19 in HIV infected and other immunocompromised individuals.

Published
2021
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9. Acceleration of Coronal Mass Ejection Plasma in the Low Corona as Measured by the Citizen CATE Experiment

Author

Matthew J Penn, Robert Baer, Donald Walter, Michael Pierce, Richard Gelderman, Andrei Ursache, David Elmore, Adrianna Mitchell, Sarah Kovac, Honor Hare, Myles McKay, Logan Jensen, Zachary Watson, Mike Conley, Lynn Powers, Marianna Lazarova, Joseph Wright, David Young, Fred Isberner, C. Alexandra Hart, N. R. Sheeley, Debbie Penn, Kate Allen-Penn, Bruce Alder, Ryan Alder, Geri Hall-Conley, David Gerdes, Katherine Weber, Jeffrey Johnson, Gerald Matzek, Steven Somes, Rob Sobnosky, Robert McGowen, Michael Meo, Damani Proctor, Charlie Wessinger, Jeannine Schilling, Jay Kerr, Alexander Beltzer-Sweeney, Alex Falatoun, David Higgins, Grady Boyce, Jared Hettick, Philip Blanco, Scott Dixon, Sepehr Ardebilianfard, Pat Boyce, Richard Lighthill, Denese Lighthill, David Anderson, Mine Anderson, Thomas Schad, Sonna Smith, Declan Jensen, Anthony Allen, Donavan Smith, Gage Brandon, Joe Earp, Jane Earp, Bob Blair, Chuck F. Claver, Jennifer A. Claver, Ryan H. Claver, Danielle Hoops, Esteban Rivera, Llanee Gibson, Martin Hiner, Rein Lann, Shaedyn Miller, Burton Briggs, Karan Davis, Brian Jackson, Kaleb Kautzsch, Wesley Sandidge, Russell Lucas, Duane Gregg, Julia Kamenetzky, Tiffany Rivera, Joe Shaw, Bryan Scherrer, Dylan Sandbak, Richard McFate, Wilson Harris, Zachery Brasier, Stephen McNeil, Jack Jensen, Makai Jensen, Mason Moore, Alexandria Temple, Thomas Vanderhorst, Richard Kautz, Orion Bellorado, LaVor R Jenkins, Corey Pantuso, Marley Carey, Josh Byrnes, Kyle Scholtens, Julian Web, Brain Baker, Katie Barngrover, Drew Hathaway, Kallen Smith, Kellyn Chandler, Lydia Hinkle, Ione Chandler, Galen Gisler, Jack Benner, Madison Mas, Maya Rogers, Prescott Moore, Elijah Pelofske, Stephen Gulley, Beth Short, Isabel Crooker, Jennifer Hammock, Katsina Cardenas, Kateri Cardenas, Jennifer Wellman, Mark Roy, Joe Meyer, Jalynne Brough, Kameron Brough, Tim Nelson, Zack Nelson, Caleb Russell, Theresa Bautz, Eric Weitzel & Team, Michele Wistisen, Shae Aagard, Zachary Whipps, Logan Neuroth, Dawson Poste, Connor Worthen, Sanjay Gosain, Mark Steward, Vanshita Gosain, Ruchi Gosain, Janet Jorgensen, Eleanor Doucette, Reba Doucette, Elliott Iwen, Alexus Cochran, James Stith, Doug Scribner, Austen Kenney, Kolby Pisciotti, Irene Pease, Samuel Cynamon, Charles Cynamon, Dawn Cynamon, Bart Tolbert, Jean A. Dupree, Jeremy Weremeichik, Nathan Pindell, Kristen Stives, Thomas K Simacek, Yolanta G Simacek, Anne L. Simacek, Wayne Boeck, Andreea Boeck, Austin Ryan, Gabriel Wierzorec, Dimitri Klebe, Bryan Costanza, Arnie Cerny, Trevor Schmale, Tessa Hoffman, Sam Streeter, Jack Erickson, Michele McClellan, Ella Erickson, Brynn Brettell, Savannah Shoffner, Emilie McClellan, Julie VanVoorhis, Cole Bramhall, Daniel Stelly, Bentley Bee, Bruno Acevedo, Madison Kroeger, Ben Trumpenski, Nolan Sump, Liam Brook, Jagert Ernzen, Jessica Lewis, Ryan Maderak, Charles Kennedy, David Dembinski, Rita Wright, Michael Foster, Mohammad Ahmadbasir, Monty Laycox, James Foster, Ethan Orr, Ashley Staab, Angela Speck, Sean Baldridge, Lucy Kegley, Jordan Bavlnka, Thomas Ballew, Bruce Callen, Gregory Ojakangas, Mark Bremer, Maryanne Angliongto, Mark Redecker, Chris Bremer, Peggy Hill, Michael Rodgers, Jordan Duncan, Sam Fincher, Ben Nielsen, Samantha Hasler, Taylor Shivelbine, Tyler Howard, Chris Midden, Sean Patrick, Kerry Glenn, Chris Mandrell, Kyle Dawson, Margaret Cortez, Alyssa Levsky, Dinuka Gallaba, Mason Perrone, Jasmyn Taylor, Padma A. Yanamandra-Fisher, Howard Harper, Lindsay Adams, Michaela Springer, BillyJoe Menard, Dylan Boggs, Caitlin Lynch, Jacob Watson, Andi York, David Matthews, Kiley Brown, Dylan Garrison, Jonathan Mangin, Isaac Mangin, Jennifer Birriel, Ignacio Birriel, Capp Yess, Jesse Anderson, Ethan Caudill, Allyn Smith, Spencer Buckner, Russ Longhurst, Ben Fagan, Christian Nations, Jeffrey DiMatties, Patricia Thompson, David Garrison, Thomas Garrison, William Garrison, Mary Kidd, Maria Baker, Mary-Beth Ledford, Amy Winebarger, Michael Freed, Morgyn Church, Jim Dickens, Bob Anderson, Ned Smith, Lynne Dorsey, Doug Justice, Daniel Zavala, Zach Stockbridge, Sean Brittain, Stanley Jensen, Harrison Leiendecker, Erin Thompson, Michelle Deady, Kelly Quinn-Hughes, David Slimmer, Valerie Granger, Michael LaRoche, Serena Hill LaRoche, Rachel Manspeaker, Peter Nguyen, Daniel Smith, Jim Payne, Jerry Zissett, Arianna M. Roberts, Gabrielle W. Roberts, Harrison Roberts, Amy Riddle, Corina Ursache, and Elena Ursache

Published
2019
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10. A replicon RNA vaccine induces durable protective immunity from SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates after neutralizing antibodies have waned

Author

Megan A. O’Connor, David W. Hawman, Kimberly Meade-White, Shanna Leventhal, Wenjun Song, Samantha Randall, Jacob Archer, Thomas B. Lewis, Brieann Brown, Naoto Iwayama, Chul Ahrens, William Garrison, Solomon Wangari, Kathryn A. Guerriero, Patrick Hanley, Jamie Lovaglio, Greg Saturday, Paul T. Edlefsen, Amit Khandhar, Heinz Feldmann, Deborah Heydenburg Fuller, and Jesse H. Erasmus

Subjects
Article
Abstract

The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompted rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines. Although several vaccines have received emergency approval through various public health agencies, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues. Emergent variants of concern, waning immunity in the vaccinated, evidence that vaccines may not prevent transmission and inequity in vaccine distribution have driven continued development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to address these public health needs. In this report, we evaluated a novel self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a pigtail macaque model of COVID-19 disease. We found that this vaccine elicited strong binding and neutralizing antibody responses. While binding antibody responses were sustained, neutralizing antibody waned to undetectable levels after six months but were rapidly recalled and conferred protection from disease when the animals were challenged 7 months after vaccination as evident by reduced viral replication and pathology in the lower respiratory tract, reduced viral shedding in the nasal cavity and lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate in pigtail macaques that a self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccine can elicit durable and protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, these data provide evidence that this vaccine can provide durable protective efficacy and reduce viral shedding even after neutralizing antibody responses have waned to undetectable levels.

Published
2022

11. Acceleration of Coronal Mass Ejection Plasma in the Low Corona as Measured by the Citizen CATE Experiment

Author

Capp Yess, Sepehr Ardebilianfard, Charlie Wessinger, Zach Stockbridge, Valerie Granger, James C. Dickens, Jared Hettick, Michael Freed, Michael Meo, Jagert Ernzen, James Stith, Caitlin Lynch, Martin Hiner, Rita Wright, Charles Cynamon, Bruno Acevedo, Jennifer Hammock, Joseph Wright, Donald K. Walter, Morgyn Church, Charles Kennedy, Lydia Hinkle, Samantha Hasler, Zachary Watson, Harrison Roberts, Harrison Leiendecker, Nolan Sump, Isabel Crooker, Rob Sobnosky, Jennifer Wellman, Thomas A. Schad, C. Alexandra Hart, Bob Anderson, Alexandria Temple, Llanee Gibson, Tim Nelson, Brynn Brettell, Sonna Smith, Mary-Beth Ledford, LaVor R Jenkins, Bruce Alder, Mark Roy, Dimitri I. Klebe, Ione Chandler, Sam Fincher, Rein Lann, Lynne Dorsey, Doug Scribner, Emilie McClellan, Jesse Anderson, Thomas K Simacek, J. Kamenetzky, Samuel Cynamon, Margaret Cortez, Bryan Scherrer, Kolby Pisciotti, Ruchi Gosain, Dylan Sandbak, Chris Mandrell, Richard L. Kautz, Andi York, Dawn Cynamon, Arnie Cerny, Jalynne Brough, Julie VanVoorhis, Robert McGowen, Ignacio Birriel, Daniel Zavala, Jacob Watson, Chris Bremer, Sanjay Gosain, David Higgins, Jack Erickson, Ned Smith, Lynn Powers, Beth Short, Jeff A. Johnson, Jerry Zissett, Mason Moore, Ryan Alder, BillyJoe Menard, David Dembinski, Mason Perrone, Kyle Scholtens, Elena Ursache, Karan Davis, Michael LaRoche, Jennifer J. Birriel, Ben Nielsen, Jessica Lewis, Jay Kerr, Thomas Vanderhorst, Isaac Mangin, Thomas Garrison, Mike Conley, Zachary Whipps, Wilson Harris, Bob Blair, Mark Steward, Anne L. Simacek, Connor Worthen, N. R. Sheeley, Patricia Thompson, Kelly D. Quinn-Hughes, Grady Boyce, Drew Hathaway, Kiley Brown, Andreea Boeck, David Young, Janet Jorgensen, Padma A. Yanamandra-Fisher, Liam Brook, Peter Nguyen, Doug Justice, Alex Falatoun, Alexus Cochran, Cole Bramhall, Michele McClellan, Monty Laycox, Tiffany A. Rivera, Mark Redecker, Ethan Caudill, D. W. Gerdes, Austen Kenney, Orion Bellorado, Arianna M. Roberts, Gage Brandon, Amy Riddle, Jordan Bavlnka, Richard Lighthill, Gerald Matzek, Jack Benner, Katsina Cardenas, Trevor Schmale, Kameron Brough, Bart Tolbert, Theresa Bautz, Russell Lucas, Chuck F. Claver, Christian Nations, Gabriel Wierzorec, Anthony Allen, Russ Longhurst, Shae Aagard, Chris Midden, Duane Gregg, Gregory W. Ojakangas, Maria Baker, Jeannine Schilling, Elijah Pelofske, Angela Speck, Corina Ursache, Michael L. Rodgers, Jack Jensen, Gabrielle W. Roberts, Wesley Sandidge, Vanshita Gosain, Kaleb Kautzsch, Taylor Shivelbine, Ashley Staab, Kellyn Chandler, Fred Isberner, Sam Streeter, Madison Kroeger, Lindsay Adams, Yolanta G Simacek, Ben Trumpenski, Maryanne Angliongto, Dawson Poste, Adrianna Mitchell, Robert Baer, Stephen Gulley, Corey Pantuso, Erin Thompson, Daniel M. Smith, Joe Meyer, Honor Hare, Alyssa Levsky, Zack Nelson, Mine Anderson, Sean D. Brittain, Jordan Duncan, Myles McKay, Jeffrey DiMatties, Marianna Lazarova, Kyle Dawson, Bruce W. Callen, Thomas Ballew, David G. Anderson, Dylan Garrison, Julian Web, Makai Jensen, Pat Boyce, Denese Lighthill, Ryan M. Maderak, David Elmore, Michele Wistisen, Kerry Glenn, William Garrison, Howard Harper, Michael J. Pierce, Eleanor Doucette, David Garrison, Richard McFate, Michael Foster, Jonathan Mangin, Geri Hall-Conley, Lucy Kegley, Katherine G. Weber, Sarah Kovac, Brian Jackson, David Matthews, Jennifer A. Claver, Spencer Buckner, Brain Baker, Ethan Orr, Kallen Smith, Dylan Boggs, Savannah Shoffner, Ben Fagan, Serena Hill LaRoche, Kateri Cardenas, Logan Jensen, Maya Rogers, Philip Blanco, Galen Gisler, Zachery Brasier, Jean A. Dupree, Mark Bremer, Jeremy M. Weremeichik, Reba Doucette, Andrei Ursache, Sean Baldridge, James Foster, Michaela Springer, Richard Gelderman, Scott Dixon, Alexander Beltzer-Sweeney, Shaedyn Miller, Daniel Stelly, M. J. Penn, Wayne Boeck, Eric Weitzel Team, Caleb Russell, Madison Mas, Dinuka H. Gallaba, Ryan H. Claver, Joe Earp, Danielle Hoops, Prescott Moore, Declan Jensen, Mohammad Ahmadbasir, Amy R. Winebarger, Burton Briggs, Jasmyn Taylor, Irene Pease, Esteban Rivera, Mary Kidd, Tyler V. Howard, Kristen Stives, Joe Shaw, Marley Carey, Debbie Penn, Steven Somes, Nathan Pindell, Kate Allen-Penn, Donavan Smith, S. Jensen, Katie Barngrover, Logan Neuroth, Bryan Costanza, Ella Erickson, Damani Proctor, David Slimmer, Michelle Deady, Josh Byrnes, Jim Payne, Austin Ryan, Stephen McNeil, Sean Patrick, Bentley Bee, Rachel Manspeaker, Jane Earp, Peggy Hill, Elliott Iwen, Tessa Hoffman, and Allyn Smith

Subjects
Physics, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Astrophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Corona, Acceleration, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Coronal mass ejection, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The citizen Continental-America Telescopic Eclipse (CATE) Experiment was a new type of citizen science experiment designed to capture a time sequence of white-light coronal observations during totality from 17:16 to 18:48 UT on 2017 August 21. Using identical instruments the CATE group imaged the inner corona from 1 to 2.1 RSun with 1.″43 pixels at a cadence of 2.1 s. A slow coronal mass ejection (CME) started on the SW limb of the Sun before the total eclipse began. An analysis of CATE data from 17:22 to 17:39 UT maps the spatial distribution of coronal flow velocities from about 1.2 to 2.1 RSun, and shows the CME material accelerates from about 0 to 200 km s−1 across this part of the corona. This CME is observed by LASCO C2 at 3.1–13 RSun with a constant speed of 254 km s−1. The CATE and LASCO observations are not fit by either constant acceleration nor spatially uniform velocity change, and so the CME acceleration mechanism must produce variable acceleration in this region of the corona.

Published
2020
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12. The New World of Work : People Leadership in The Digital Age

Author

Bashker Biswas, William Garrison, Robert Ramirez, Bashker Biswas, William Garrison, and Robert Ramirez

Subjects
Leadership, Organizational change, Personnel management--Technological innovations, Management information systems
Abstract

Arguing that a functional approach to Human Resource Management is fast becoming obsolete, this book explores the many areas of accelerated change in the workplace and how business leaders must evolve their thinking to meet the needs of their workers and managers alike. With a clear focus on the accelerations caused by Covid-19 and how technological platforms have enabled working practices and business continuity, the book effectively lays the groundwork for a changed but well-functioning people management system. The authors present the new model of Strategic Human Asset Lifecycle Management that incorporates the drastic changes in how jobs are designed, how human talent is acquired, how work is performed, how work is rewarded and conditions set, and crucially, how labor laws must change – all to meet the fast-moving requirements of a digitized world. Enriched with cases that illustrate both well-adapted and badly-adapted organizations, as well as helpful summaries and thought-provoking challenges, this book is an essential resource for all those who aspire to great people leadership in their organizations, including HR professionals, instructors, and upper-level students.

Published
2022

16. Video streaming into the mainstream

Author

William Garrison

Subjects
Internet, Asymmetric digital subscriber line, Multimedia, Computer science, Data stream mining, business.industry, Video Recording, Windows Media, General Medicine, computer.file_format, Dynamic web page, computer.software_genre, World Wide Web, Dynamic HTML, Learning development, Modems, Humans, The Internet, Mobile telephony, business, computer, Computer-Assisted Instruction
Abstract

Changes in Internet technology are making possible the delivery of a richer mixture of media through data streaming. High-quality, dynamic content, such as video and audio, can be incorporated into websites simply, flexibly and interactively. Technologies such as G3 mobile communication, ADSL, cable and satellites enable new ways of delivering medical services, information and learning. Systems such as Quicktime, Windows Media and Real Video provide reliable data streams as video-on-demand and users can tailor the experience to their own interests. The Learning Development Centre at the University of Portsmouth have used streaming technologies together with e-learning tools such as dynamic HTML, Flash, 3D objects and online assessment successfully to deliver on-line course content in economics and earth science. The Lifesign project – to develop, catalogue and stream health sciences media for teaching– is described and future medical applications are discussed.

Published
2002

21. Foreign Communication Systems

Author

Tatsushiro Shukunami, Philip T. Rosen, William Garrison, James Lull, J. Robert Moskin, Morris H. Crawford, Robert P. Kreps, and Ellen Mickiewicz

Subjects
Politics, Government, Restructuring, Political science, General Engineering, Media studies, Library science, Watch Television, Single market, Commission, Soviet union, Making-of
Abstract

INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF BROADCASTING SYSTEMS edited by Philip T. Rosen (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1988—$55.00, ISBN 0-313-24348-4) SPLIT SIGNALS: TELEVISION AND POLITICS IN THE SOVIET UNION by Ellen Mickiewicz (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988—$22.95, ISBN 0-19-505463-6) WORLD FAMILIES WATCH TELEVISION edited by James Lull (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988—$35.00/$16.50, ISBN 0-8039-3254-5, paper) RESTRUCTURING OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM: REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT COMMISSION FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS (Heidelberg: R.v. Decker's Verlag, G. Schenck, 1988—price not given, paper, ISBN 3-7685-0688-6) THE RACE FOR VALUE-ADDED SERVICES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE U.S., JAPAN, AND THE U.K. by Tatsushiro Shukunami (May 1988, Paper P-88-1, 145 pp.) EC '92: THE MAKING OF A COMMON MARKET IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS by Morris H. Crawford (July 1988, Incidental Paper I-88-2, 28 pp.) BUYING HENS NOT EGGS: THE ACQUISITION OF COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF ...

Published
1989
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