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This supplementary document describes the hydrological process and empirical equations considered by the Rainfall-Runoff Balance Enhanced Model (RUBEM) algorithm. Detailed description of the input dataset, and complementary information regarding input data and its pre-processing requirements are also presented. RUBEM distributed hydrological model algorithm and its plug-in for QGIS, RUBEM Hydrological, are currently developed under General Public License version 3. The source code repository[1] [2] and related documentation[3] [4] for both are openly available to the public and are constantly updated. An automatic preprocessing input data application tool is under development. The repository and documentation website are constantly updated. Chapter 2 present the model development and full equations used in the RUBEM. Chapter 3 presents the model application. Chapter 4 reference methods applied to model evaluation and the equations to compute the indicators. Chapter 5 presents the complementary results to the model application, and the last Chapter 6, has the tutorial on model installation into QGIS version 3.x (the LTR 3.16.x version was used in the installation and usage tutorials). [1] Model repository is available at: https://github.com/LabSid-USP/RUBEM#readme. [2] QGIS plug-in repository is available at: https://github.com/LabSid-USP/RUBEMHydrological#readme. [3] Model documentation is available at: https://rubem.readthedocs.io/en/latest/. [4] QGIS plug-in documentation is available at: https://rubem-hydrological.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.

Water scarcity drives society to conflict over the allocation of water. Economical externalities based on the development of water production improve the decision-making process for planning water allocation and the operation of the water infrastructure. We present a proposed water allocation model using a priority-based and hydro-economic optimization kernel as a framework for improving the quality of information for the different user sectors, stakeholders, and institutions for the water allocation decision-making process. In addition, we propose a method for using hydro-economic optimization models without the marginal benefit curve of water demand. The proposed model, called AcquaNetGIS, was applied to the São Francisco Transboundary System, and the hydro-economic optimization was improved, allocating 7.0% more water for all users considered, including water supply, irrigation, and hydropower. Moreover, the minimum flow downstream from the Xingó hydropower station reached 98.5% (priority-based optimization) and 99.0% (hydro-economic optimization) during the optimization period. Depending on the rules and legislation, the sustainability of water allocation based on hydro-economic externalities may be a better solution for the planning and operation of complex water infrastructure systems. Multicriteria decision-making methods should consider the results of the proposed model in order to understand the stochastics of the hydrological regimes and economic production based on the availability of water.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior O aumento da carga poluidora lançada nos cursos de água ao longo de tempo leva à significativas mudanças nos padrões de qualidade da água. Essas mudanças têm impactos tanto na qualidade, quanto na diversidade da biota e nos diversos usos das águas. A modelagem da qualidade da água por meio de ferramentas computacionais tem se mostrado um importante instrumento no planejamento e gestão dos recursos hídricos. O emprego de modelos matemáticos permite que a gestão dos recursos hídricos seja realizada com eficiência, já que possibilita a análise conjunta da qualidade e quantidade de água. De modo geral, percebeu-se um desenvolvimento acelerado dos modelos de qualidade da água, ampliando suas aplicações quanto ao número de dimensões representadas, o número de constituintes modelados, interface com Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e sua interação com os ecossistemas aquáticos. Assim, a diversidade de modelos varia tanto em função do objetivo da aplicação, quanto da complexidade de sua utilização, representação do meio e dos seus constituintes analisados. Desta forma, neste estudo de mestrado foram comparadas três ferramentas computacionais de modelagem de qualidade da água em ambiente lótico, QUAL-UFMG, QUALI-TOOL e HEC-RAS, apontando as potencialidades e limitações com foco na criação da topologia do sistema hídrico, procedimentos para entrada dos dados (geométricos, hidráulicos, fluviométricos, de qualidade da água e coeficientes dos processos físicos e bioquímicos) e interpretação dos resultados das simulações dos parâmetros oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, nitrogênio orgânico, amônia, nitrato e fósforo total. Para isso, foi utilizado um curso de água de baixa capacidade hídrica (vazão média anual de 4,8 m3s-1) e com um lançamento pontual de alta carga poluidora (528,8 kgDBOd-1, 163,8 kgNOd-1 e 6,2 kgPd-1 no período de estiagem), especificamente o rio Jordão, bacia hidrográfica do rio Dourados, Triângulo Mineiro. As simulações foram realizadas nos períodos de estiagem e chuvoso, cujos dados de entrada foram extraídos de De Paula (2011) e Salla et al. (2013). Comparando as três ferramentas, observou-se que os perfis longitudinais dos parâmetros de qualidade mantiveram a mesma tendência, com exceção ao oxigênio dissolvido na ferramenta QUAL- UFMG para o período de estiagem e chuvoso e série de nitrogênio na ferramenta HEC-RAS para o período chuvoso. Observou-se que os métodos de cálculo da profundidade líquida e velocidade do escoamento interferiram diretamente nos perfis longitudinais de oxigênio dissolvido e série de nitrogênio. Além disso, diante de uma análise operacional das ferramentas, QUAL-UFMG e QUALI-TOOL se mostraram parecidos pelo fato de terem sido desenvolvidos em formatos de planilha de Excel e utilizarem o mesmo equacionamento matemático. Para estudos mais simplificados, em escalas reduzidas, as ferramentas QUAL- UFMG e QUALI-TOOL trazem resultados satisfatórios, além de possuírem interface amigável, gratuita e de fácil acesso ao usuário. A ferramenta HEC-RAS se mostrou a mais complexa devido à maior quantidade de dados de entrada necessários na modelagem da parte hidráulica e de qualidade da água, além de ter uma conexão com SIG. Em contrapartida, a ferramenta HEC-RAS tem a limitação da não variação dos coeficientes das reações bioquímicas do modelo. Também, a necessidade da inclusão de seção transversal para alimentação das cargas poluentes no rio principal limita seu uso em estudos com limitação financeira para os trabalhos de campo. The increased pollutant load released into watercourses over time leads to significant changes in water quality standards. These changes impact the quality, the diversity of the biota and the various uses of the waters. Water quality modeling through computational tools has proved to be an important tool in planning and managing water resources. The use of mathematical models allows the efficient management of water resources, as it allows the joint analysis of the quality and quantity of water. In general, an accelerated development of water quality models was observed, increasing their applications regarding the number of dimensions represented, the number of modeled constituents, interface with GIS and its interaction with aquatic ecosystems. Thus, the models diversity varies both because of the application purpose, and the complexity of their use, representation of the medium and its constituents. This master's thesis compares three computational tools for water quality modeling in a lotic environment: QUAL-UFMG, QUALI-TOOL and HEC- RAS, pointing out potentialities and limitations with a focus on the creation of water topology, data input procedures (geometric, hydraulic, fluviometric, water quality and coefficients of physical and biochemical processes). It also analyses the results in simulations of dissolved oxygen, biochemical demand for oxygen, organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate and total phosphorus. It has been used a watercourse with an average annual water capacity of 4.8 m3/s and punctual release of high pollutant load (528.8 kgDBO/day, 163.8 kgNO/day and 6.2 kgP/day during the dry season), specifically Jordão River, the hydrographic basin of Dourados River, Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil. The simulations were carried out in the dry and rainy season, data extracted from De Paula (2011) and Salla et al. (2013). Comparing all three tools, longitudinal profiles of the quality parameters kept the same trend, except for dissolved oxygen in the QUAL-UFMG tool during the dry and rainy season and nitrogen series in the HEC-RAS tool for the rainy season. Also, the methods for calculating the net depth and flow velocity directly interfered in longitudinal profiles of dissolved oxygen and nitrogen series. In addition, upon an operational analysis, QUAL-UFMG and QUALI-TOOL tools were similar because they were developed in Excel spreadsheet formats and used the same mathematical equation. For more simplified studies, on a reduced scale, QUAL-UFMG and QUALI-TOOL tools provide sufficient results, and they also have an user-friendly interface, are of free distribution, and of an easy access to the user. The HEC-RAS tool proved to be more complex due to the greater amount of input data required in hydraulic and water quality modeling. HEC-RAS also has a connection with GIS. In contrast, HEC-RAS has the limitation of non-variation of the coefficients of the biochemical reactions model. Also, the need to include a cross section to feed the pollutant loads in the main river limits its use in studies with financial limitations for fieldwork. Dissertação (Mestrado)